فهرست مطالب zoheir mohammad hasan

In the present study, we examined the effects of Fe3O4@bio-MOF nanoparticle (Nano-FO) plus artemisinin (Art) and glucantime (Glu) or shark cartilage extract (ShCE) on Leishmania major in vitro and in vivo.

This experimental study was conducted at the laboratory of Department of Parasitology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran during 2016-2017. The promastigote and amastigote assays were performed were conducted at the presence of 3.12- 400 µg/mL of the drug combinations. According to in vitro IC50 results, the combinations of 12.5µg/mL Nano-FO with 25 µg/mL Art as well as 200 µg/mL Glu and 0.5 mL of 20 mg/kg of ShCE were used to treat BALB/c mice. During and at the end of the treatment, the lesion sizes were measured. Parasite loads, cytokine levels were evaluated at the end of the treatment.

The IC50 of Fe3O4@bio-MOF-Artemisinin (Nano-FO/Art), Fe3O4@bio-MOF-Glucantime (Nano-FO/Glu), and Fe3O4@bio-MOF-Shark cartilage extract (Nano-FO/ShCE) on promasitigotes were 12.58±0.12, 235±0.17, and 18.54±0.15, respectively. These results on amastigotes were 10.32±0.01, 187±0.03, and 338±0.07 µg/mL, respectively. The apoptosis percentage of these combinations were 32.54%, 20.59%, and 15.68% in promastigotes and 15.68%, 12.84%, and 3.51% in infected macrophages, respectively with no toxicity on uninfected macrophages. In vivo results showed that the size of lesions significantly decreased against all drugs combinations, but Nano-FO/Art combination with Selectivity Index of 23.62 value was safe, and more effective on healing of lesions than other drugs combinations (P=0.003).

This study suggested that Nano-FO/Art combination can be considered as an anti-leishmania combination therapy in CL induced by L. major.

Exercise has effects on changing cancer factors, yet the effect of exercise on the levels of cancer factors in inflicted animals or humans has not been seriously paid attention to. Thus the aim of this study is to study the effect of aerobic continuous training on tumor volume on mice with carcinoma. In this study, 30 female balb/c mice were selected and after transplanting adenocarcinoma tumor in peritoneal area, the mice were randomly divided into a tumor-control and interval training-tumor groups. Interval training protocol was done for 7 weeks at 20% vo2max in the first week and 75% vo2max in the last week. Speleenectomy where doneafter interval training protocol, and Eliza method used to measure Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70), Interleukin 4 (IL4) and Interferon γ (IFNγ). The results of this study showed a decrease in the amount of Hsp70 in interval training group but the difference between the two groups was not significant (P>0.05). The results also showed a decrease in the levels of IL4 in the interval training-tumor group but there was no significant difference between the groups (P>0.05). The levels of IFN in interval training-tumor group were higher than those of the control group but this difference was not significant either (P>0.05). However, tumor mass in interval training-tumor group significantly decreased (P=0.001). Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that doing interval training through changing the amount of effective factors on cancer can lead to a decrease in volume mass.

Shark cartilage is one of the complementary medicines for cancer patients that inhibits tumor progression by several mechanisms. There is not sufficient evidence on its effects on human immune system thereby we investigated its modulatory effects on some cellular immune response parameters in breast cancer patients. After preparation of shark cartilage powder and its distribution in capsules, drug packages were coded. Test group patients consumed shark cartilage and control group consumed starch capsules according to the specified protocol, along with hormone therapy. Blood samples were taken before and after treatment. After isolating and culturing mononuclear cells, the quantity of IL4, IFNγ, as well as CD4+T/CD8+T percentage and ratio were evaluated by ELISA, and Flow cytometry techniques. After treatment, there was a significant increase in the quantity of IFNγ, lymphocyte proliferation and CD4T/CD8T ratio in test group patients, while there was not a significant change in these parameters in control group. It seems that shark cartilage could help strengthen cellular immunity which is important in tumor regression in breast cancer patients. So we suppose that it could be a good candidate for cancer treatment along with conventional medicine.

Sharks get cancer rarely. A major difference between these animals and other species is that sharks have a great amount of cartilaginous tissue. Immunomodulatory effects of the cartilage of some species (cow) have been proved. Because the immune system has a major role in the defense of the body against cancer, we studied the effects of shark cartilage on the mouse and human immune system. In an experimental study, the effects of different doses of shark cartilage on humoral (antibody titer) immune response against sheep red blood cells (SRBC), were measured in mouse. In addition, we evaluated the modulatory effects of the shark cartilage on the natural killer (NK) activity of the peritoneal cells of mouse against a tumor cell line called K562, according to the standard methods. The proliferative response of the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured under the influence of shark cartilage. Pure shark cartilage enhanced antibody response against SRBC in vivo. The hemagglutination titer which was 1/147 in the control group (injected with hen cartilage), increased to 1/1355 in the test group. The optimal dose was 100 mg/ml. both type of cartilage had blastogenic effect on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (the blastogenic index was 6.7 and 4.9 for impure shark cartilage and hen cartilage, respectively). NK activity was inhibited completely by pure shark cartilage (the amount of the killing activity of the effector peritoneal cells for the control and test groups against target cells was 25.9% and 5.5% respectively). Shark cartilage has a potent immunomodulatory effect on the specific immune mechanisms and some inhibitory effects on the innate immune mechanisms such as NC activity. Since the specific immunity has a more pivotal role against tumor formation, shark cartilage can be used as a cancer immunotherapeutic.