zohre heidari

spur dike is a hydraulic structure that is created in open channels and rivers to protect the walls against erosion or deviations and water guidance in the desired directions. The most important problem of spur dikes is scour at around it that makes breaking and overturning the spur dikes.Considering that the flow pattern and topography of the bed is significantly affected by the presence spur dike, it is important to consider these issues.in this purpose, the effect of variations in the length of the gabion spur dike with porosity of 30 & 50% was investigated in this study. For measuring 3D velocities and bed topography, Vectrino was utilized. 3D velocities were measured in movable bed state. Finding show that increasing the length of the spur dike, the maximum depth of scour and scour hole dimensions increases. According to the results of flow pattern experiments in this field, increasing the section constriction and consequently, increasing the flow rate in cape of spur dike with developments secoundary Flows increases the maximum depth of scour and scour hole dimensions. By increasing the length of the gabion spur dike, the range of the effect of this structure on its upstream is increased, so that the velocity changes through the canal and approaches the opposite wall. The highest rate of velocity in all layers, after a gabion spur dike in the range near the side, extending towards the middle channel.

Translation is one of the most prominent intercultural fields that has seen ups and downs over the past years and it grows steadily. An important aspect of translation is the cultural issue. Since cultural elements belongs to a particular people and groups and differ according to their speech, deeds and tastes, will face the converting of meaning to the target language with problem; ﹾindeed, these problems are rooted in the amount of translator knowledge about the cultural elements in the source language. Peter Newmark (1988) is one of the most famous experts in the field of translating cultural elements. Newmark has divided cultural elements into five categories and provided fifteen methods for their translation. The present study evaluates five Persian translations of the Quran, regarding to Newmark's theory, using a descriptive-analytical method. The criteria for these selecting translations are the specifics method of each translation in their writing style. However, those mentioned translations have been created between 1988s and 2004s. In this research, the translation of the materialistic culture of clothing in the Quran has been studied and its purpose is to know which of the fifteen methods of cultural translating elements has a greater role in translating of clothing element?
The results of the research indicate that translators have often chosen literal translations and they have chosen the cultural equivalent, and semantic method to translate the cultural elements.

Airway assessment is fundamental skill for anesthesiologists and failure to maintain a patient’s airway is the tremendous cause of anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality. None of the tests which have recommended for predicting difficult intubation stands out to be the best clinical test or have high diagnostic accuracy. Our study aimed to determine the utility of a new test as “laryngoscopic exam test (LET)” in predicting difficult intubation. Three hundred and eleven patients aged 16-60 years participated and completed the study. Airway assessment was carried out with modified Mallampati test, upper lip bit test and LET preoperatively, and Cormack and Lehane's grading of laryngoscopy were assessed during intubation as a gold standard, and difficult laryngoscopy was considered as Cormack and Lehane's grade ΙΙΙ or ΙV of laryngoscopic view. The incidence of difficult intubation was 6.1%. The LET showed higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (P