zohreh rostami

The research aimed to fabricate a coated graphite membrane electrode for the potentiometric measurement of mercury (II) using 5,12-dihydroquinoxalino(2,3-b)quinoxaline (L) as the ionophore. Density functional theory computations were employed to investigate the interaction of L with 10 different cations, revealing that L exhibited the strongest interaction with Hg (II). The optimized membrane entailed of 30% PVC, 9% L, 2% NaTPB, and 59% nitrobenzene (NB) yielded the best Nernstian response. The designed electrode revealed a broead linearity domain in the concentration range of 1×10-8-1×10-3 mol L-1 with a slope of 31.2±0.3 mV decade-1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 7.5×10-9 mol L-1. Selectivity testing using the matched potential method showed no significant interference, affirming the sensor's selectivity. The electrode exhibited a rapid response time of 5 seconds and a lifespan of 4 months. Additionally, the potential response of the electrode remained unaffected by solution pH within the range of 3.0-8.0. The impact of organic solvents on the potential response was also evaluated, demonstrating that the sensor kept its Nernstian behavior in solutions with up to 20% non-aqueous content. In addition, the electrode was successfully utilized to determine Hg (II) in edible samples and employed as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Hg (II).

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at risk for fractures and bone disorders approximately 17 times more than the general population. Evaluating fracture risk in patients with ESRD in the dialysis department of the hospital, can provide useful information to the treatment for staff and researchers. The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX®) algorithm is used along with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or bone densitometry and is capable in predicting the rate of 10-year probability of hip and major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) in a certain group of patients.

This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the fracture risk in 107 hemodialysis patients, who underwent hemodialysis three times a week for 4 hours in 2018 in Baqiyatullah Hospital. Patients who have done bone densitometry and for whom the standardized FRAX questionnaire of the World Health Organization was filled were included in the study.

The mean age of the participants was 59.95 ± 14.18 years and 58.2% of them were male. The average levels of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, albumin, and vitamin D were determined to be 8.40 ± 1.14 mg/dL, 4.97 ± 1.41 mg/dL, 269.40 ± 297.66 ng/ml, 3.86 ± 0.49 g/dL, 22.15 ± 13.93 nmol/L and -2.08 ± 1, respectively. The minimum, mean and maximum values of BMD were found to be -5.30, -2.09, and -2.20, respectively. The FRAX scores of hip fracture and MOFs with BMD were 5.01 and 8.81, respectively, while the corresponding values for FRAX scores of hip fracture and MOFs without BMD were determined 2.23 and 5.82, respectively. A significant difference was observed between FRAX scores with and without BMD. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was found between MOFs and hip fracture risk values ​​calculated with and without BMD. In our study, the patient's previous fracture history predicts a higher hip FRAX score in the future, but the parents' hip fracture history had no effect on the hip FRAX score. We also found that the increase in PTH level had an increasing effect on the FRAX score of the hip joint. The results demonstrated that increasing the height and BMD of patients can significantly reduce the FRAX score related to MOFs and tight, while this index increases with increasing age of patients and PTH. In our study, thin and short patients are prone to more fractures in the hip joint.

Our finding suggests that FRAXB with MD may be a valuable tool for clinicians in this center to accurately assess fracture risk in ESRD patients and ultimately reduce treatment costs. We encourage nephrologists to pay close attention to this algorithm information.

Despite all of the research on the risk factors for severe COVID-19, there are still many unknowns about the course of COVID-19 in various populations. Inevitable exposure of dialysis patients, one of the more vulnerable groups for infectious diseases, to COVID-19 concerns many researchers. Furthermore, studies on the mortality rate and risk factors regarding dialysis patients are somewhat inconsistent. Also, it has been suggested that factors such as ethnicity can contribute to that matter.

We aimed to evaluate the mortality rate of dialysis patients who contracted COVID-19 in the Iranian population.

In this cross-sectional study, we presented the experiences of 4 dialysis centers with a total of 309 dialysis patients (Tehran, Iran) during the COVID-19 pandemic to assess the mortality rate and associated risk factors.

Among 309 dialysis patients, 58 patients contracted the disease, and the total mortality rate in this study was 41%. It was observed that although the guidelines for screening patients were similar in these 4 centers, the centers with regular COVID-19 screening for staff members had much lower mortality and infection rate. The most common symptoms in patients were fever, dry cough, and chills. Furthermore, comorbidities such as diabetes can also increase the risk of mortality.

This study, along with other studies, can be utilized in developing guidelines for dialysis centers in the COVID-19 pandemic and future pandemics.

The social distancing plan is one of the ways that was implemented for management of COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the social distancing on reducing the daily new casesand deaths from COVID-19.

In this cross-sectional study, the data of daily new cases and daily deathswere collected from 15/02/2020 to 19/04/2020. Changes in the level and trend of daily new cases and dailydeaths before and after the implementation of social distancing plan were evaluated using interrupted timeseries (ITS) analysis in STATA software.

The post-intervention trend had a decrease of 102 new casesper day and 7 new deaths per day compared to the pre-intervention trend (p < 0.001). Moreover, in the post-intervention period, the daily new cases had a decrease of 58 new cases per day and 2 new deaths per day (p <0.001).

It Could be concluded that social distancing plan directly affects the new daily cases andnew daily deaths.

Delayed graft function (DGF) and slow graft function (SGF) are complications after kidney transplantation that resulted in poor short-term outcome. In this study, we evaluate a new model for deceased kidney transplantation to reduce the cold ischemia time and its effect on DGF and SGF as short-term outcomes. We have included 814 deceased kidney transplanted patients in this study. All of the donors were local, while the recipients were both local and nonlocal. Kidney recipient’s outcomes (included mortality rate as well as DGF and SGF), age, gender, BMI, blood group, Rh, allograft renal function, transplantation date, kidney transplantation history, PPD, positive history of rheumatologic disorders, the distance between home of recipient and the transplantation center, cardiovascular disease, and dialysis duration was evaluated for all patients. The incidence of DGF and SGF were 24.8% and 20.5%, respectively. There were no statistical differences in the rate of DGF and SGF between local and distant recipients (P > 0.21). The rate of DGF was significantly higher in females as well as 40 - 65 year old recipients (P < 0.05). In logistic regression multivariate analysis, DGF and SGF were significantly correlated with BMI, blood group, the history of kidney transplantation, and dialysis duration. This study showed the feasibility of using a local donor for a distant recipient as well as reduction of cold ischemia time and lower rate of DGF. It is obvious that the shorter CIT, which resulted from usage of local donor, can lead to better kidney transplant outcomes.

The principal aim of this research is the application of Fe3O4 (MNPs) in the synthesis of some indole derivatives. Fe3O4 MNPs were prepared by Co-Precipitation method from the reaction of FeCl2.4H2O and FeCl3.6H2O in ammonia solution. Morphology and structure of Fe3O4 MNPs were determined by FT-IR, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fe3O4 (MNPs) has been used as a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of some Indole derivatives like 6H-Indole [2,3-b] quinoxaline, 3-methyl–6H-Indole [2,3-b] quinoxaline and (z)-3-(pyridine-2-yl-imino)-Indole-2-one. The reaction was carried out using various amounts of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in various solvents and solvent-free conditions. The optimum amount of nano-Fe3O4 was 5 mol% in THF under reflux conditions. The structures of indole derivatives were further established by NMR, and FT-IR spectra. In view of excellent catalytic capacity, the exceedingly simple workup procedure, environmentally friendly reaction and good yield, Fe3O4 (MNPs) was proved to be the good catalyst for this reaction.

Kidney transplantation is the most effective treatment of end-stage renal disease and its graft survival is an important challenge. The biomarker level of creatinine can be a predictor of transplant rejection time. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation of creatinine and other factors with the survival of kidney transplantation through of joint longitudinal and survival Model.

A descriptive-correlational study was performed on 165 recipients of kidney transplantation over 18 years of age during the years 2006 to 2016. The related data were collected from patients’ files in hospitals and nephrology clinics. Creatinine during the postoperative period and time interval between surgery to rejection was introduced into the model as longitudinal and survival outcomes, respectively. The model was fitted in R statistical software.

There was a positive and significant correlation between creatinine level and risk of rejection (P-value < 0.05, α = 0.7). For a unit of increase in creatinine, the risk of rejection is approximately doubled. Factors associated with creatinine increase include receiving a brain dead donor member, having any blood transfusion records, kidney transplantation, and dialysis prior to transplantation (P-value < 0.05). The risk of transplant rejection for recipients of kidney transplants from brain death donors is about 2.7 times more than live donors (P-value < 0.05).

Reducing creatinine levels and transplanting live donors reduces the risk of rejection. It is suggested that the level of creatinine in patients with conditions such as blood transfusion or kidney transplantation and pre-transplant dialysis should be considered and checked in shorter times and drugs used to reduce creatinine

Context:Atherosclerosis is considered as the important cause of death worldwide and especially among kidney-transplanted patients. It is said that an aggressive intervention is needed for preventing new atherosclerotic events post kidney transplantation. Our main purpose was to determine the effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) exposure on the atherosclerotic events among kidney-transplanted patients using a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Evidence Acquisition:Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science) were systematically searched to find related studies for the effect of CMV exposure on the atherosclerosis in the kidney transplantation setting. Quality assessment was done and then because of existence of heterogeneity we used random-effect model to calculate risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the CMV effect on the atherosclerosis.
Ten Studies were included in our systematic review. Eight of them proposed CMV as a risk factors for atherosclerosis among kidney-transplanted patients. According to available data for analysis, seven papers were included in our meta-analysis and showed RR of 1.46 (95% CI: 1.15 - 1.85) for the mentioned effect and based on the trim and fill method the corrected RR was as 1.26 (95% CI: 1.01 - 1.65).
Our meta-analysis showed that exposure with CMV can lead to atherosclerosis events among kidney-transplanted patients. However, more original studies are still needed to explore the association between the type of CMV exposure and atherosclerotic events.

Patients who undergo radical nephrectomy are considered as single kidney. In addition, most patients will develop CKD due to reduced kidney function. In this study, we monitored and compared kidney function results in patients with kidney tumors who had radical or partial nephrectomy.
This cross sectional study was conducted on 129 patients who were admitted to hospital from 2007 to 2012. There were 122 cases that had a radical nephrectomy and 7 patients who underwent a partial nephrectomy. The CKD was defined as eGFR In the first year of the follow up, there were 0% and 19.2% (P = 0.3) of patients with eGFR Radical nephrectomy is a risk factor for developing CKD. Therefore, radical nephrectomy should only be considered if the size and location of the tumor are not suitable for a partial nephrectomy.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem that may lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal transplantation has become the treatment modality of choice for the majority of patients with ESRD. It is therefore necessary to monitor the disease progression of patients who have undergone renal transplantation. In order to monitor the disease progression, the continuous assessment of kidney function over time is considered..
This study aimed to investigate the etiological role of recipient characteristics in serum creatinine changes within the follow-up period and in relation to the graft failure risk, as well as to evaluate whether or not the serum creatinine level represents an indicator of graft failure following renal transplantation..
This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the department of nephrology, Baqiyatallah Hospital, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, between April 2005 and December 2008. The study involved 413 renal transplantation patients. The primary outcomes were the determination of the serum creatinine levels at each attendance and the time to graft failure. Robust joint modeling of the longitudinal measurements (serum creatinine level) and time-to-event data (time to graft failure) were used for the analysis in the presence of outliers in the serum creatinine levels. The data analysis was implemented in WinBUGS 1.4.3..
There was a positive association between the serum creatinine level and graft failure (HR = 5.13, P Graft failure is more likely to occur in patients with higher serum creatinine levels..

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem. The eventual outcome of CKD is end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Early diagnosis and proper management play an important role in preventing CKD progression to ESRD. Dialysis and kidney transplantation are the only treatment options available for patients suffering from ESRD..
This study was designed to investigate the etiological role of recipient and donor characteristics on serum creatinine changes within the follow-up period, graft failure risk, and the impact of longitudinal serum creatinine levels on graft survival after renal transplantation..
Patients and This study was carried out at the department of nephrology, Baqiyatallah hospital, Baqiyatallah University, Tehran, Iran, between April 2005 and December 2008. During that time period, 461 patients who had undergone renal transplantation were entered in the current study. Time to graft loss and serum creatinine levels at each visit were the primary data gathered for the study. A joint modeling of survival and longitudinal nonsurvival data was used to assess the association between the two processes and investigate the influential factors..
Median follow-up time was 6.80 months. A linear decreasing trend in serum creatinine level over time was found (P The major finding of this study is that one unit increase in serum creatinine level suggests an increased risk of graft failure of up to four times..

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the most important complications of angiography in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or diabetes mellitus. The prevention of CIN can decrease therapeutic costs and hospital stays. There is controversy in the literature over the preventive effect of statins on CIN..
This study was designed to evaluate the preventive effect of atorvastatin on CIN after angiography in CKD and diabetic patients..
Patients and In this placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial, patients with diabetes mellitus or CKD (15 1.5 mg/dL) and an age range of 55 - 75 years candidated for angiography were included. The patients were randomized to 2 groups: one group receiving atorvastatin (80 mg/d from 48 h before angiography) and the other one receiving a placebo. All the patients received intravenous isotonic saline and N-acetylcysteine. CIN was defined as an increase in serum creatinine more than 0.5 mg/dL or more than 25% from the baseline values..
Totally, 220 patients at a mean age of 63.85 ± 8.89 years and a mean body mass index of 31.41 ± 5.99 kg/m2 were evaluated. In comparison of before-after values, there was a significant increase in serum creatinine in the placebo group (P = 0.000). The incidence of CIN was significantly higher in the control group 24 hours after angiography (P = 0.010); however, at a 48-hour interval, there was no significant difference in CIN between the 2 groups..
Standard hydration and N-acetylcysteine and atorvastatin (80 mg) reduced the incidence of CIN, and this regimen was more effective than was the regimen of hydration and N-acetylcysteine (without atorvastatin) in decreasing CIN. Accordingly, it is reasonable to prescribe atorvastatin before angiography in high-risk patients..

The aim of this study is to introduce a parametric mixture model to analysis the competing-risks data with two types of failure. In mixture context, ith type of failure is ith component. The baseline failure time for the first and second types of failure are modeled as proportional hazard models according to Weibull and Gompertz distributions, respectively. The covariates affect on both the probability of occurrence and the hazards of the failure types. The probability of occurrence is modeled to depend on covariates through the logistic model. The parameters can be estimated by application of the expectation-conditional maximization and Newton-Raphson algorithms. The simulation studies are performed to compare the proposed model with parametric cause-specific and Fine and Gray models. The results show that the proposed parametric mixture method compared with other models provides consistently less biased estimates for low, mildly, moderately, and heavily censored samples. The analysis of post-kidney transplant malignancy data showed that the conclusions obtained from the mixture and other approaches have some different interpretations.

Curcumin, a yellow substance found in turmeric, has not only antioxidative features and beneficial effects in the treatment of cancer, liver, heart, and pulmonary diseases but also anti-inflammatory and anticoagulative effects. This chemical has cardioprotective effects too..
In this study, we examined the effects of curcumin on left ventricular (LV) function in patients receiving dialysis for chronic renal failure..
This study is a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted on 35 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis in the dialysis center of Baqiyatallah hospital. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: the curcumin group (n = 20) and the control group (n = 15). The curcumin group received curcumin capsules at a dose of 500 mg every 8 hours for 6 weeks (1500 mg/d) and the control group received a placebo for 6 weeks at the same dose. Echocardiography was done before the use of the drug and once after the 6th week. Also, the ejection fraction (EF), representing LV function and size, was measured in both groups..
The mean age was 44.2 ± 13.4 years for the curcumin group and 45.4 ± 6.2 years for the placebo group. The study population comprised 22 male and 13 female patients. There were no significant differences regarding demographic variables such as age, sex, and body mass index between the 2 groups. In the curcumin group, LVEF based on the volume changed from 50.6% ± 7.1% to 51.5% ± 6.8% (P = 0.130). In the curcumin group, LVEF based on the diameter changed from 51.8% ± 3.8% to 52.4% ± 3.5% (P = 0.112). The changes in the mean EF before and after the intervention were not significant in each group. The EF, based on ventricular volume and diameter, was not significantly different between the 2 groups. In addition, the pulmonary artery pressure mean in both groups did not significantly change after the intervention (P > 0.05)..
The administration of curcumin in patients undergoing dialysis had no positive effects on enhancing LVEF and LV function. Further research is required to shed sufficient light on this issue..

All recipients of kidney transplantation, especially those with posttransplant malignancy, are at risk of long-term graft failure. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with graft survival after diagnosis of malignancy. Patients and To reach this purpose, we conducted a historical cohort study in Iran and 266 cases with posttransplant malignancy were followed up from diagnosis of malignancy until long-term graft loss or the date of last visit. These patients were taken as a census from 16 Transplant Centers in Iran during 22 years follow-up period since October 1984 to December 2008. A Cox proportional hazards model was performed to determine the important independent predictors of graft survival after malignancy. At the end of the study, long-term graft failure was seen in 27 (10.2%) cases. One-year and 2-year graft survival after diagnosis of cancer were 93.6% and 91.7%, respectively. The univariate analysis showed that the incidence of chronic graft loss was significantly higher in male patients with solid cancers, withdrawal of immunosuppressant regimen, no response to treatment, and tumor metastasis. In continuation, the Cox model indicated that the significant risk factors associated with graft survival were type of cancer (P < 0.0001), response to treatment (P < 0.0001, HR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.06 - 0.32), metastasis (P < 0.0001, HR = 5.68, 95% CI: 2.24 - 14.42), and treatment modality (P = 0.0001). By controlling the modifiable risk factors and modality of treatment in our study, physicians can reach more effective treatment.

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disease. It is a serious public health problem throughout the Mediterranean region, the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent, as well as in Southeast Asia. Thalassemia is an inherited blood disease. It is a serious public health problem. In this study we assessed psychological aspects in Iranian children and adolescents with thalassemia major. Patients and In this case-control study sixty healthy subjects aged 7-18 years and Sixty Patients with confirmed diagnosis of major thalassemia were enrolled. After obtaining informed consent from parents of all participating thalassemia patients and healthycontrols, we assessed psychological aspects and quality of life by Pediatric Quality of LifeTM (PedsQL™), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQ), State and Trait Anxiety, Children''s Depression Inventory (CDI). The results of this study indicate that there are significant changes in depression, anxiety, QOL and behavioral screening between children with thalassemia major compared with healthy subjects by means of both parents and children reports. According to the results, children with thalassemia major have more psychological problems than healthy ones. Patients with thalassemia have a lower QOL than their peers (P = 0.001), the rate of depression is higher in this group (P = 0.015), Also behavioral problems in these children are more than healthy subjects (P = 0.009). We recommend appropriate treatment and counseling procedures in addition to specific treatment of thalassemia. According to the results we suggest to establish pediatric psychiatric clinics beside thalassemic clinics to cure psychological aspects of the disease.

Sleep disorders are prevalent complication in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The factors affecting sleep quality (SQ) of patients on HD have not been completely recognized yet. In addition, some studies have shown that poor SQ increases the risk of mortality in patients on HD.. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of poor SQ and its associated risk factors in Iranian patients on HD..Patients and This cross-sectional and multicenter study was conducted on 6878 patients on HD from 132 dialysis centers in Iran. Sleep domain of disease specific core of KDCS-SF questionnaire and generic core of this questionnaire (SF-36) were used to assess patients’ SQ and quality of life (QoL), respectively. A poor SQ was defined as a score of ≤ 61.2. Logistic and linear regression analyses were applied to assess predictors of SQ and their associations.. The mean age of patients was 54.4 ± 17.1 years and 39.7% of patients were > 60 years old. The majority of our patients had poor SQ (60.6%). Patients with diabetes mellitus were significantly more likely to have poor quality of sleep (63.4%). In logistic regression analysis, there were significant correlation between good SQ and younger age, shorter dialysis vintage, less muscle cramp, high QoL, high cognitive function score, and high sexual function. In addition, linear regression showed a significant association among SQ, QoL, and hospital stay as an outcome.. With improving some factors and QoL of patients on HD, we can promote SQ in these patients that it might lead to reduction in length of hospital stay..

Although chronic kidney disease-induced anemia is more prevalent in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), anemia is a common finding prior to manifestation of kidney disease. In presence of some risk factors at the time of diagnosing DM, microvascular complications must be considered. The effect of anemia as a risk factor on progression of DM complications is still unclear.. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and its association with microvascular complications in patients with type 2 DM..Patients and This cross-sectional study was performed in the outpatient endocrinology clinic at Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Study was done from February 2011 to February 2012. Patients with type 2 DM without any obvious symptom or sign of anemia were included in study.. A total of 93 patients (30.4%) had anemia including 46 (15.1%) with normochromic normocytic, 44 (14.4%) with hyperchromic microcytic, and 3 (1%) with hyperchromic macrocytic anemias. There was a positive correlation between duration of DM and anemia. Microvascular complications were more frequent with normocytic or microcytic anemias. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was higher in patients without anemia; moreover, nephropathy was less frequent among them. Among patients with anemia, 43% had GFR of more than 90 mL/min and 19.4% had normoalbuminuria. Neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy had strong association with anemia (odds ratio of 1.99, 1.7, and 1.5, respectively).. Anemia is a common complication of DM and is associated with duration of disease and microvascular complications..

Malignancy is a common complication after renal transplantation. Death with functioning graft and chronic graft loss are two competing outcomes in patients with post-transplant malignancies.. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with cumulative incidence of these two outcomes.. Patients and Fine-Gray model was used for 266 cases with post-transplant malignancy in Iran. These patients were followed-up from the diagnosis until the date of last visit، chronic graft loss، or death، subsequently.. At the end of the study، as competing events، chronic graft loss and death with functioning graft were seen in 27 (10. 2%) and 53 cases (19. 9%)، respectively، while 186 cases (69. 9%) were accounted as censored. The incidence rate of death was approximately two-time of the incidence rate of chronic graft loss (8. 6 vs. 4. 4 per 100 person-years). In multivariate analysis، significant risk factors associated with cumulative incidence of death included age (P < 0. 007، subhazard ratio (SHR) = 1. 03)، type of cancer (P < 0. 0001)، and response to treatment (P < 0. 0001، SHR = 0. 027). The significant risk factors associated with cumulative incidence of chronic graft loss were gender (P = 0. 05، SHR = 0. 37)، treatment modality (P < 0. 0001)، and response to treatment (P = 0. 048، SHR = 0. 47).. Using these factors، nephrologists may predict the occurrence of graft loss or death. If the probability of graft loss was higher، physicians can decrease the immunosuppressive medications dosage to decrease the incidence of graft loss..

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious complication in immunosuppressive patients that has adverse effects.. The aim of this study was to define the characteristics, outcomes, and correlating factors of mortality in renal transplant recipients.. Patients and Infective endocarditis was diagnosed in 22 patients from three renal transplant centers in Iran between 2000 and 2010. Modified Duke criteria were applied to confirm the diagnosis.. Twenty-two renal transplant patients with IE were evaluated. Blood culture results were positive in 81%. Enteroccous and group D non-enterococcal were the causative microorganisms in 31% and 25% of patients, respectively. In-hospital and 12-month mortality was 41% and the mortality rate was higher in older patients in comparison to younger patients. Overall, the rates of one-year disease-free patient and graft survival were 49% and 88%, respectively.. Despite the availability of different and potent antibiotics, the mortality caused by IE remains considerably high. These patients are significantly prone to endovascular infections that affect the mortality and survival..

Significant impairment in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among dialysis patients could be partly explained by some co-morbid disorders, such as chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Also disturbance in calcium and phosphorus metabolism would increase mortality and morbidity. Therefore, further efforts to treat these abnormalities may improve the survival.. We designed a large multicenter population-based study in Iran to describe and assess the relation between HRQOL, hospitalization, and bone metabolism markers..Patients and We enrolled a total of 5820 dialysis patients from 132 dialysis centers in different parts of the country whom were volunteers to cooperate between October 2010 and August 2011. The Iranian adapted version of the Kidney disease quality of life-short form (KDQOL-SFTM) version 1.3 questionnaire was used to assess the health related quality of life. The clinical and demographic characteristics were gathered from patients’ data files.. The mean (SD) age of patients was 54.88 (16.36) years, and the range was 2 to 99 years. Of all patients, 43.1% were female. The scores of kidney disease component summary (KDCS), physical component summary, mental component summary, and total quality of life were significantly higher in the lower quartile of corrected serum calcium and higher quartile of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels (P < 0.05). In a regression analysis of multilevel data, while corrected serum calcium level was associated with total KDCS and short form health survey (SF-36) scores after adjusting for other variables, hospitalization was directly correlated with serum phosphorus level and had reverse correlation with dialysis duration and quality of life.. In the current study, quality of life was correlated with serum calcium level, calcium-phosphate product, and serum PTH level, while hospitalization was correlated only with serum phosphorus level. However, quality of life was inversely correlated with hospitalization..

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is widely used as a strategy in the search for the etiology of renal function impairment.. This study was carried out to detect the most common HLA alleles’ distribution in kidney transplant in both donors and recipients, and clarify the association between HLA alleles and renal dysfunction immediately after transplantation..Patients and HLA-class I and II alleles typing by PCR-SSOP was performed on a total of 874 recipients aged 40.7 ± 13.8 (male/female: 562/279) and 874 donor aged 27.5 ± 5.3 (male/female: 683/110), between 2006 and 2009 in Baqiyatallah, hospital, Tehran, Iran. In this retrospective, cross sectional study, data were obtained from personal files. Donors aged 40.9 ± 13.6 years and male/female 390/195, while recipients had a mean age 27.5 ± 5.3 and male/female 523/83. Renal dysfunction defined as acute rejection, acute tubular necrosis and Delay graft function.. In this study common alleles at each of the loci for the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I (A, B, and C) and class II (DR and DQ) were A2 (n = 186, 33.8%), Bw6 (n = 196, 47.5%), Cw4 (n = 164, 39.7%), DR52 (n = 161, 29.6%), DQ3 (n = 101, 40.1%) for donors; while A2 (n = 200, 34%), BW6 (n = 235, 38.8%), Cw6 (n = 23, 15.2%), DR511 (n = 174, 30.4%), DQ1 (n = 99, 46.3%) for recipients. We detected a total of 139 case of renal dysfunction among RTRs. By the way only cold ischemic time (P = 0.03) and severe anemia (P = 0.000) were significantly associated with renal dysfunction early post kidney transplantation.. We can predict high risk groups before kidney transplantation and try to establish a screening program for the detection of genetic susceptibility to renal function impairment. HLA typing of the donors and recipients might influence the development of new treatment strategy..

Subjectives: Prevalence of benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHMS) without systemic disease seems to be high in children. Little literature is currently available related to urinary tract diseases in patients with BJHMS. Here, we report an association between the urinary tract disease and BJHMS.. We conducted a prospective case series study of 62 pediatric patients with musculoskeletal pain to detect urinary tract diseases in Tehran, Iran from October 2009 to October 2010. The Brighton criteria score was used to diagnose BJHMS. The collected data included age, gender, grading of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), ultrasonography findings, urodynamic results and biochemical tests. Voiding cystourethrography was used for detection and grading of VUR.. VUR was observed in 60% of patients with BJHMS. However, sonography was normal in 66.7% of patients. The most common grading of reflux was grade II of VUR (37.5%). Seventy percent of patients with BJHMS and neurogenic bladder had failure to thrive.. Our findings showed an increased frequency of VUR in patients with BJHMS. We suggest that Infants and children with BJHMS should be screened for VUR..