جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « رابطه اجتماعی » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

The quantitative increase of the elderly and the ever-increasing consequences of aging have led to naming the first day of October every year as the International Day of the Elderly. The growth of the elderly population has many effects, and the health of the elderly in physical, mental, and social dimensions and the individual and social factors related to it are among the most important of these effects. In this regard, the present article has examined the relationship between the elderly's general health and the variables of self-care and social support in Yasouj city. The used method and the instrument to collect data are quantitative- survey and questionnaire respectively. The sample size is 259 individuals and the stratified random sampling proportional to the volume has been selected as the sampling method. Based on the results of the research, the average perceived health of the elderly in the dimensions of physical, mental and social health is higher than the average. The variables of Caring behavior and formal support are the most influential variables in the physical health dimension; the variables of informal support, formal support, caring behavior, women and the level of relationship with relatives are the most effective variables in the mental health dimension. The variables of informal support, caring behavior, formal support and the level of social relationship with relatives are the most influential variables in the dimension of social health of the elderly. Therefore, attention and differentiation of multiple dimensions of health and related variables are essential for doing scientific researches and social policy- makings.

"Dowrehs" were informal groups within the Second Pahlavi regime that were formed from the acquaintance of individuals with various social positions, but all of which were created through social capital and with the aim of earning rent and corruption; in this article, we focus on this question that did the "Dowrehs" in the second Pahlavi government have this capability to lay the groundwork for systematic corruption through bonding social capital and lack of linking and bridging social capital?

The approach of the descriptive-analytical article and research method is qualitative and based on document analysis during the second Pahlavi regime and the combined model of this research is inspired by Huberts's ecological approach to corruption.

Our findings indicate that in the second Pahlavi regime, social capital in any form has an effective relationship with corruption through the Dowreh, but the nature of this relationship is depending on the type of social capital; therefore, it should be said that the "absence" of linking and bridging social capital and the "existence" of bonding social capital linked to corruption with a direct relationship.

The existence of the Dowrehs signaled that there was no other way to advance everyday affairs without the use of bonding social capital, and that this made the circle of loyalty of individuals to their acquaintances larger than the circle of their loyalty to the national community; thus institutional roles had become a means of complying with non-institutional demands that leading to systematic corruption. The general solutions to prevent this situation are to increase the radius of trust and to create structures and norms for creating positive social capital.

The transformation of society, the independence of the work environment from the family environment, changes in some other institutions, including the generalization of formal education, and the economic need of households increased society and families' demand for women's employment. In the industry and service sectors, it led to the entry of women into the labor market, and as a result, the number of employed women increased. Therefore, the connection of life with employment or being a housewife is one of the most critical issues for the quality of life of women in society, which can play a fundamental and decisive role in managing the lives of employed and married women. Meanwhile, in recent decades the issue of quality of life has attracted the attention of many scientists. Although it is crucial to study the quality of life of all the strata of society, in the meantime, paying attention to the way of women life and their quality of life can be very effective in improving the health of families, today's and tomorrow's generations, and ultimately the entire society. Considering the change in the lifestyle and traditional roles of women in today's society, as well as their extensive participation in various fields, the present research aims to rank the factors affecting the quality of life of employed and married women. The current research is a type of applied study with the nature of a descriptive-survey research method. The target statistical population in Mehrestan city consists of 16 married women (employed or not) with at least five years of marriage history and a master's degree in sociology, who, due to the unwillingness of some of them to cooperate in research or the impossibility of accessing them, finally 13 (including seven employed-housewives and six unemployeds) experts cooperated in completing the questionnaires and were studied as the statistical sample of the research. It is worth mentioning that due to the limitation of the studied society, an enumeration method was used for sampling. The information in this research is collected from library materials(books, articles, reliable scientific databases), standard questionnaires, and paired matrix questionnaires (experts). To measure the validity of the questionnaire, identifying the factors based on the Likert scale, considering the standard questionnaire, face validity was used, and measuring its reliability based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient shows good reliability. Also, according to the calculated inconsistency rate (less than 0.1), the expert questionnaire has good reliability. Data analysis concluded using AHP hierarchical analysis model and Expert choice software. The findings of this research indicate that among the sixaffecting factors on the quality of life of employed and unemployed married women in Mehrestan city, the social relationship was identified as the main factor. In the following, the social security factor was second, the social support factor was third, the social status factor was fourth, the cultural capital factor was fifth, and the public health factor was ranked sixth. This research showed that women's social ties in their quality of life stands higher than other factors, and social security, support, and status are in the next level. In other words, the most paramount factor in women's quality of life is having a network of healthy social relationships with favorable social security, support, and status compared to others. Cultural capital is also effective in women's access to resources and improving their quality of life. Also, with the increase in women's general health, their quality of life increases. Therefore, it can be accepted that employed married women are attracted to the social framework due to their participation in social activities, and as a result, they do not see a difference between individual and social values, and they have a sense of responsibility and trust towards social values and norms that increase social integration. Therefore, they feel that the community's fate is related to its components, and thet they see the community as a suitable place for their evolution. This positive attitude towards the community and people brings social acceptance and increases the social health of the individual, which, as a result, improves the quality of life of employed married women and increases their psychological security.

The purpose of this research is to review the existing or possible divisions of different types of interaction and social relations and to present a more abstract and relatively comprehensive classification. For this purpose, the systematic review method was used and after stating or suggesting 40 divisions, the related "criteria" and "types" were coded. The result of these coding were 8 general themes, and all the above categories can be considered as the answer to one of the 8 questions each of which are dedicated to one or more aspects of the reality of interaction and social relationship: some categories have focused on the sides of the interaction, some on the means of interaction, some on the context of the interaction, and some on its origins. Some are formed according to the will of the interactors , some are focused on the subject of interaction, and finally an important part of the typologies is formed according to the characteristics of interaction and social relationship. The result of this review is the clarification of the criteria for divisions , identification of divergences and convergences in different classifications of interaction and social relations and subsumption of all these types in a general division which itself has led to an understanding of verbal commonalities and the relationship of these divisions to each other.

This study investigated the disruptions of social relations among the tourists and the host. The statistical population included 676 citizens and domestic tourists, each a group of 338. A sample method, proportionate with the volume, was used to select the tourists. Cluster sampling was used to select citizens. To explain the main variable, we used regression and path analysis. To study the model based on the relationship between predictive variables and research structures and to determine the share of the weight of its construct dimensions, the study used structural equation modeling. SEM was also used to test the model, which had some variables with different influences. The results showed that in tourist-host social relations, the maximum was the intensity dimension, 44.17 (100-0), and the minimum was the symmetry dimension, 35.37 (100-0). In host-tourist relations, the highest mean was the dimensional relationship, and the lowest was the density dimension. In tourist-host relations, the results showed that 58.8% were very disturbed, 23.4% were in average disorder, and 17.7% were in a low and a very low disability. In the host-tourist relations, 86.7% were very disturbed, 8.3% were in average disorder, and 5% were in a low and a very low disability. Based on the results, a comprehensive program needed to develop for social trust and to promote its strategies.
 

The research is conducted to “describe the emotional valence of the relation between tourists and host in Mashhad”. Using the secondary analysis method, the researchers have used data from “assessment of pilgrims’ attitudes about Mashhad residents and service providers” survey. During the survey interviewees described Mashhad residents with specific words (attributions). In this research the attributions have been analyzed in platform of related literatures in sphere of psychology and sociology of emotions theories (especially the Turner and Plutchik categorization of emotions). Findings examined that the pilgrims’ emotions was positive rather than negative. Thus security- fear dimension was not explicitly remarked. Besides “acceptance” was marked as a factor in building positive emotions while the “hate” was marked as a factor that creates negative emotions. Negative emotions indicate on the existence of gap between tourists’ expectation and their real trip. The hate, contempt and anger emotions of tourist have been described as outcome of not receiving desired respect and attention from host community, violation of ethical and accepted high social norms and finally, voilation of justice and fairness from Mashhad residents’ side.

The present study aimed to identify factors affecting the social participation of shopkeepers in Tehran historical texture (Region 12) in urban projects (building pedestrian ways). It was a quantitative-survey research and the data was collected through questionnaires. Using stratified random sampling method, 155 subjects were selected from among shopkeepers in the region 12 of Tehran. The theoretical framework of this research was a mixture of viewpoints of Parsons, Homans, Lerner, Dahl, Emerson, Lipest, Giddens and Coleman in the field of social participation and the viewpoints of Luhman, Offe, Paxton and Giddens in the field of social trust. For collective memory, the viewpoints of Durkheim, Halbwachs and Ricœur. The present paper aimed at explaining the relationship between social participation (depending variable) and categories such as collective memory, economic incentive, social trust and relationship (main variables) and the type of job, ownership and location of shop, educational degree and income (subsidiary variables). The results of Pearson Correlation Test showed that there was a significant relationship between the mentioned variables (except the variable of ownership) and the degree of participation. The results of the multivariate test also indicated that independent variables explained 59% of depending variable variance and the variable of ‘economic incentive’ is of a more contribution among them. Generally, the conclusion was that the social participation among shopkeepers in the historical texture of Tehran is identified as an effective element in the social environment and shopkeepers have an appropriate understanding of the importance of their social participation in the place of their business.

During the 1980s, scholars started to describe speech acts as they were manifested in speech. Using various methods including observation of naturally-occurring speech, open-ended or multiple-choice questionnaires, dialogue completion tasks, role plays, interviews, and protocol analyses, they managed to detect some pragmatic gaps between two different languages that sometimes lead to miscommunication (Yuan, 2001). In this study, the researchers have tried to investigate the common patterns of complimenting behavior among adult Persian speakers in Iran; this would include the topics, and functions of compliments in Persian with regard to the gender and status of the interlocutors. By choosing the method of the observation of natural speech, the researchers have tried to get instances of every-day compliments exchanged among Persian native speakers. Moreover, the results of this observation are compared with the results of several observations in the United States and New Zealand. The comparisons would help us identify some of those cross-cultural differences in the realization of compliments, as well as the demographic features of the compliment givers and receivers.

The concept of the quality of life has a special place in the literature on sustained development. The quality of life is one’s understanding of his or her present status and his or her positive evaluation of his life and environment. The purpose of the preset paper is to explore the interrelationships between variables and the survey and data have been collected through questionnaires and interviews. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured through Cronbach’s Alpha (a=0.78).The research population was the population of Kashan in 2012 and the Cochran’s formula gave the sample size of 610 people who were selected through proportionate random sampling. Results of Pearson Correlation showed positive relations between religiosity, self-satisfaction, social tendencies, needs fulfillment and the quality of life (r=0.388, 0.487, 0.261, 0.334 and 0.709 respectively). Regression results were 0.12, 0.30, 0.14, 0.16 and 0.60 respectively.

The special study on Birjand’s portals has not yet been conducted. Groups of students from Islamic Azad university of Birjand in Fall 2009 has began their researches under the supervision of deceased engineer Soltani on historical portals of Birjand city and these studies continued in the subsequent years. This group also, continued in their researches and then they could be able to prepare their evidences to compiling a book about that issue. For the first time, with the presence and excuse of workhouse for training Iranian architecture from Birjand view, selection of the information of this project again, with the advices of respected professors of that workhouse have been examined from cultural and social viewpoint, where remarkable results acquired.It is worth to say that this article has been presented among the commendable articles from one of the research groups.Any kind of architecture remained from the past, contains the messages and concepts of the life and relations of people from that period of time. Now if we believe that the architecture has being and is the container of social life of people, we should imagine the relations between architectural elements as a reflection of peoples’ relations. Specifically when the ornamental and symbolic aspects of these components are more than their functional aspects they remain in the memories and the portal is one of the important kinds of this architectural components. Portals also in Birjand like the other places in our country defined symbolically to invite the individuals inside the mason for creating permanent and everlasting memory. On the basis of it, portals are as main connectors between architectural and metropolitan space, reflecting outer ideas, impressions and individual and family positions against outer and the neighboring communities. For this reason, in this study the variety of figures and physical relations among historic portals with ancient textures as a kind of neighboring relations and mentalities and the cultural messages existed in historical city of Birjand that was the headstock products of these historic buildings have been examined and a table with the inclusion of main key words and their relation for the cognition of this subject has been created.

The main aim of this paper is to identify the relationship between organizational commitment of staff and their working life quality in Madani Martyr hospital.  The quality of working life is an indicator of the kind of organizational culture and management method upon which the staffs feel ownership, self sufficiency and self – esteem. The plan of working life quality includes all kinds of improvements in organizational culture that supports the staff upgrade in the organization. According to Durkheim, the quality of life is the result of definite mechanisms and specific social factors. In this theory, the quality of life is an incident of the kind, intensity and type of social relationship. The statistical society involved in this research includes all personnel of Madani Martyr hospital of Tabriz . They were reported as 1200 people and 384 of them were selected as sample through a suitable and random hierarchical sampling and data was collected by using the organizational commitment questionnaire of Allen and Myer which contained 24 questions and the Richard and Walton questionnaire of working life quality (40 questions). This research is an applied and descriptive study. The analysis of the results was conducted using statistical software of SPSS, and Pierson correlation coefficient and T-test. The findings showed that there is a relation between the organizational commitment and the quality of staff working life, and between the emotional, continuum and normal commitment and quality of working life. Organizational commitment of staff is different based on their genders but it isn't different on their education rate.

In this research the relationship between motivational intelligence and it’s five indicators (motivational self-conscious, sympathy, self-respect, adaptability, social relationship) with job motivation of Isfahan gas company employees in 1385. The research method is coalition. out of 800 employees of the forementioned company, 80 were selected randomly.
Two questionnaires of job motivation and motivational intelligence were used.
The results showed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between motivational intelligence and its two indicators (adaptability and social relationship) with job motivation. (p

The purpose of this paper was to measure the social capital of the medical students of Mashhad Medical Sciences University in the place they lived (their neighborhood), and the factors affecting it. The statistical universe was the university with a total of 5383 students. The sample was 244. The sampling was done using the systematic classification method, the classes being the faculty and sex of the students. Social capital is the quality and quantity of social relations of the individual in their place of living. It has three dimensions of social partnership, social trust and social coherence. Each of these three dimensions was measured with respect to four types of social relations including cultural relations, social relations, political relations and economic relations. Using a scale of 1 to 5, the social capital of the students in their permanent place of residence was measured to be 2.66. Also, the social capital of the students at university was measured to be 3. The study of the factors affecting the multi-variable analysis, the most important positive factors were the following in terms of importance: the amount of the individual's cultural capital, the degree of security in the neighborhood, the number of social networks in the neighborhood, the married status of the individual, the economic status of the other people living in the neighborhood. The self-image was negatively correlated with the individual's amount of social capital.