جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اتاق فکر » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

The purpose of the present study is to explain the role of thinking rooms in Obama’s decision-making about the Islamic Republic of Iran’s nuclear plan. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results indicated that since thinking rooms as non-official organizations in the USA affect decision-making in that country, we can explain changes in Obama’s policies about Iran’s nuclear plan with respect to the decision-making theory, especially the organizational model. During the presidency of Obama, his foreign policy in terms of Iran’s nuclear plan consisted of 2 stages: the first stage of consensus-building for Iran’s maximum sanctions; and the second stage of negotiation and peace with Iran. Changing the government in Iran caused them to be able to dissuade Iran from Uranium enrichment and some other nuclear achievements.

The main purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the indicators affecting Collective thinking base Supreme Leader's Views. To achieve this goal, data were collected in two stages (qualitative and quantitative) using The exploratory Sequential method. Initially, while studying the research literature, through structured and semi-structured interviews with 11 academic executives and experts selected by theoretical sampling, the key components of reflective thinking were identified in 85 key concepts, 15 sub-criteria, and 5 identification criteria. Using the Delphi method, 20 panelists (academic and practice), reached consensus on the components of reflective thinking in the qualitative part after four rounds and the validity of the qualitative part was also confirmed by the Kendall’s correlation coefficient (k = 0.89) as well as the chi - square test. According to the findings of the qualitative phase, a questionnaire was designed in quantitative part which its reliability was estimated at 0.93 by Cronbach's alpha method after reliability and content validity (Lavshe method), and were done through the participation of 84 of the researchers and employees of the University of Imam Hussein, which were selected according to stratified random sampling method. The quantitative data analysis method was implemented at both descriptive and inferential levels (Friedman) through SPSS 22 software The research findings have been identified indicators affecting reflective thinking and include criteria such as leadership discourse, strategies, foundations, Islamic viewpoints and ultimately the consequences of reflective thinking which the highest score of Freedman is related to reflective thinking bases with minimum value 44.72 and lowest score for strategies with score 40.65.it can be concluded that, if organizations pay attention to the reflective thinking paradigm, we can see the emergence of organizations with the characteristics such as Knowledge Creation, being learner and ultimately having a systematic approach.

The think tanks of the United States have played a special role in the decision-making of American politicians. The main issue is what effect think tanks have on relations with Iran. This study examines the role of think tanks in US foreign policy decision-making toward Iran during the Obama and Trump presidencies. The change in decision-making was due to the change of think tanks during the two presidents. What was the role of think tanks in the decision-making of Obama's and Trump's foreign policy apparatus towards the I.R.Iran? The think tanks with the intellectual and executive elites and the formulation of foreign policy and the design of various scenarios have focused on the decisions of the US foreign policy apparatus towards Iran during the Obama and Trump eras. Through negotiations, Obama signed JCPOA, which sought to reduce related sanctions. Trump left JCPOA. Obama agreed with JCPOA the negotiation scenario that originated from the think tanks and Trump with JCPOA with the scenario of pressure and sanctions of the think tanks. This change in scenario was due to the shift of think tanks from moderate to neoconservative and extremist. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of think tanks on the decisions of the US foreign policy apparatus and use it to adopt a counter-strategy against US policies towards Iran. using the Obama approved think tank comparison method, chose the negotiation approach and Trump chose sanctions and pressure. This research, analytical method and library tools have been used.

In recent years, the role of study centers and think tanks are growing because the numbers of variables in foreign policy are increasing. Due to the role of traditional factors in Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy, the government started using these centers later than others. Because of the rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Islamic Republic of Iran, these centers have had especial focus on Iranian regional policies. The main question of this article is: What is the role of study centers in Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy toward Islamic Republic of Iran? « The hypothesis is «in recent years; Saudi Arabia’s study centers, have tried to put Islamic Republic of Iran on the main problem of Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy agenda. They have made some proposal to Saudi Arabia’s government to containment of Islamic Republic of Iran. » This article has been done using content analysis method and using original sources.

Advanced organizations are symbols of civilizational growth. Development and progress in every organization require a kind of mental power or in other words a specific method of thinking in order to create and make decisions. How to deepen scientific thinking in organizations is the main objective of the present article. It is assumed that in the era of information and knowledge, only organizations are successful which scientific thinking is deepened, developed and promoted in all their structures, strategies, policies, plans, missions, methods and approaches. The significant questions in this research include: Which levels of the organization should deepening scientific thinking cover? What are the most important grounds for deepening scientific thinking in organizations? The result of the present research is that deepening scientific thinking will be achieved by setting the grounds in basic dimensions of organizational structure, in which culture and permanent learning are the most important components, and providing the structural and semantic grounds of the organization.

managers and macro-organizational policymakers have made relentless efforts to form a think tank. But unfortunately, the unfavorable outcomes of think tanks have shown that it is not effective. For this reason, identifying and finding conceptual connections between barriers to the formation of the think tank can be a powerful facilitator of the formation of the think tank. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to model the barriers to the effective formation of the think tank. Identification of barriers to the formation of the think tank was conducted through semi-structured interviews with qualitative content analysis based on the theory of theoretical saturation with 16 professors of public administration and policy-making. The validity and reliability of the interviews were confirmed by the relative content validity method and the Cope Cohen index, respectively. Coding of interviews using Atlas ti software led to the identification of 12 major barriers to the formation of the think tank. In order to model the identified barriers, the opinions of 28 senior managers of government organizations in Lorestan province were used using a targeted sampling method and using a questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by using content validity and post-test method, respectively. Modeling the barriers identified by the interpretive structural method led to the formation of six levels, the weakest of experience, the lack of theoretical knowledge and undesirable feedback, the most influential, and the limited cultural conflict and limited collectivism.

The present research aims at examining the role of United Against Nuclear Iran (UANI) organization, which is known as a political thin tank and lobby in the U.S. foreign policy. Think tanks and political lobbies, as informal actors, have influenced the U.S. foreign policy since their emergence. UANI have focused on Iran’s nuclear program. The think tank established by former U.S. ambassador to the UN during Bush’s tenure, Mark Wallace, the U.S. special envoy to Afghanistan and the U.S. ambassador to the UN during Clinton’s tenure, Richard Holbrooke, former CIA director, Jim Woolsey, and expert on Middle East, Dennis Ross, has launched various domestic and international activities against Iran. This research seeks to answer the following question using system theory in decision-making theory: What are UANI’s tools for influencing the U.S. foreign policy and what is its role in the U.S. foreign policy towards Iran’s nuclear program? Connection with the main power centers and formal actors in the U.S. foreign policy decision-making process, interaction with high-ranking officials in the U.S. foreign policy realm, and relationship with main lobbies in the U.S., are some of UANI’s activities that demonstrate its active role in the U.S. foreign policy.

The pluralistic structure of the United States, along with official actors, also considers the role of informal actors important. As one of the most important actors among these actors, think tanks as informal actors have long been influential in the US foreign policy decision-making process, meaning that formal actors are influential in the decision-taking stage, and informal actors, including think tanks and political lobbies, are influential in the decision-making stage. In this study, the role of American think tanks in theory and practice and whether think tanks have had a significant impact on US national security are discussed. At the same time, the main focus of this research is on the network approach to decision making. What this approach addresses is the interconnectedness of different actors in decision making that makes the analysis of the role of think tanks meaningful in this context. These centers consider the following five ways to impact and influence the decision-making process of American foreign policy: First, they provide the decision-makers with different ideas. Second, hey train the experts needed for the body of government or employ former government staff. Third, they provide the ground for important and substantive discussions through conferences, and the presence of experts in television and radio programs. Fourth, by publishing their reports, they align citizens with themselves and guide public opinion in line with established policies. Finally, they serve as centers for anticipating present and future crises and problems and providing solutions for them. In other words, these centers serve as a bridge and a place for a consensus of intellectual and instrumental elites in the United States.

Think Tank is the position of a center for creating new thoughts and ideas. Decision-making also plays a crucial role in increasing the capacity for policy making and strategic decisions as well as being regarded as an essential tool and framework which serves for the manager’s decision making. After recognition of the issues as the first step, the subject of argumentation, bargaining and satisfying numerous players, the bank’s internal and external stakeholders, and satisfying influential figures are of prominence for presenting the issues like the bank’s Agenda-setting. Meanwhile, the role of think tanks and the experts’ final decisions influenced by the stakeholders, influential figures, the ruling values on the society or the costumer’s necessities or the type of scenarios for the goal of analyzing the role of Refah Kargaran Bank’s think tank on the agenda-setting have been executed. The research’s finding is of practical nature, and its goal is of descriptive-survey type. The independent variable is the think tank, and the dependent variable is the agenda-setting whose factors have been extracted by the model of Cob & Ross. The population of the study consists of 400 individuals selected from the members of the think tank, and 45 questionnaires have been distributed among the individuals based on Convenience sampling. University journalists confirmed its validity and its reliability was calculated as 0.801. The data were analyzed by SPSS software. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for normalization of the data and One-Sample t-Test was used for the relationship between the variables, fuzzy multivariable decision-making method and priority processing for influential factors on competitive merit was computed by using fuzzy TOPSIS technique. t-Test findings indicate that policies arising from the unison of Refah Kargaran Bank’s Think Tank’s members have a meaningful influence on their agenda-setting although to some extent political, financial and official players respectively prevent them from accepting the issues and following the agenda-setting. Another factor for receiving the issue and challenging it was the economic factor for making the final decision. The findings arising from the TOPSIS technique corroborated the influence of public opinions on the decisions made by the members of the think tank for accepting the issue and following the agenda-setting to be recognized as a policy

Islamophobia in recent decades as a serious challenge for Western governments, particularly the British people has been raised. This problem was exacerbated after the events of September 11 and took on a new dimension. This Issue is rooted in the past and the actions of some Islamic Extremist groups. But Western think tanks had active role to intensify and magnify that. The question of this paper is that what is the role of think tanks to strengthen, expand, and direct the Islamophobia?
Using the Descriptive and analytical method and by review and monitor the activities of the think tank "policy change" in the UK we will answer the question. Our studies show that Western think tanks like Policy Exchange are trying to introduce Islam and moslim as a major threat for the policy makers and citizens of the western contries by publishing reports against Islam.

Global expansion and diversification of think tanks has demonstrated their potentials to affect public policy and administration as well as development management in different countries. The purpose of this research is to examine the challenges of think tanks in Iranian government agencies from 2007 to 2016. The data gathering technique was descriptive and survey oriented; besides, it was an applied, quantitative-qualitative research. Experts in think tanks composed the population of the study, from among of whom 15 subjects were selected as the sample. To collect data, structured and semi-structured questionnaires were used. Data analysis using Fuzzy Delphi method, suggests that the Iranian think tanks are faced with eight major challenges including: lack of theoretical knowledge, lack of appropriate client for ideas, lack of proper training, organizational ineffective structures not giving way to new ideas to bring about change, senior managers’ feeling of superiority and disregarding new ideas, absence of clear orientation and strict policy-making, lack of clear strategies, and lack of willingness among senior managers to support think tanks.

Context: This study is done with investigate purpose the role of Think Tank on Refah Bank Policy of problem detection . In fact, the nature of public policy and organizational process as one of the most important tools of public administration, provides a framework for decisionmaking and problem detection.
Independent variables Think Tank and the dependent variable were analyzed Problem detection with the component (understanding the organization and the environment, creating and proposals possible, evaluate options and the final selection, implementation and follow-up) from the logical processes of problem-solving doctor Danesh Fard.
This research result is applied and the target is descriptive - survey. The study population was composed of 400 members of the think tank. But based on simple random sampling only 60 members were chosen. Data gathered by a questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by professors and experts. Its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.819. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test fornormality of the data and for the relationship between the variables of one-sample t-test and Friedman test was used to rank the components.
Finding: According to Friedman's test solutions is expanding in terms of Experts and the second priority is the implementation of the evaluation. The analysis results showed that the detection of the policy think tank and its dimensions in Tehran, Refah bank has Significant Impact.
Based on the results of Friedman test solution of the problem in the first place from the perspective of experts and a second assessment of the problem is enforcement.

The organizational knowledge is said to be the most valuable capital in any organization today. Organization knowledge is divided into two types of explicit and implicit knowledge, which has the greater share. The important thing is to transform implicit knowledge to explicit knowledge and it is done through knowledge management. Within thirty years of the Islamic Revolution, the Islamic Republic of Iran Army has gained invaluable experience regarding the diversity of threats. This requires generating new knowledge (turning implicit knowledge to explicit knowledge) and its turnover by moving on the knowledge path, considering the emphasis made by the Supreme Leader. One way of using experience as new knowledge and transferring it to the next knowledge is knowledge management in the organization. This can be done through different approaches. This paper will define knowledge management and its approaches and strategies in the first place, and then, will define thought chambers and its special tasks. Finally, this paper claims that the thought chambers, as semi-structural potential along with hierarchical structures of the armed forces, can assist the knowledge management of the IRI Army as one of the key approaches.

Exact decision making is the basis for success of managers, groups and organizations. To adopt a logical decisions to increase the organizational efficiency and productivity, we should design and perform a comprehensive decision making process which provoke organizational participation. Think tanks or thought chambers- that are recently modeled in our country- are the main centers which can help to facilitate the decision building and decision making. Think tanks are a kind of special organizations for thinking and research in policy making and decision making that is based on common sense and collective idea making. Think tanks through interdisciplinary studies and applying many experts provide necessary instruments in different areas for managers and policy makers of the society. Think tanks also contribute to managers and policy makers of organizations in their main task which is policy making process. This article studies the different aspect and functions of think tanks and their role in managers’ decision making.