جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « خدمت وظیفه عمومی » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

In the fourth chapter of the Revised Public Service Act of 2013, the legislator has listed various types of exemptions for those subject to military service, one of which is exemption due to having to support relatives. According to Article 44(2) of this Act, "the sole caretaker of a mother who lacks support of a husband is exempted from mandatory military service." The legislator has recognized this type of exemption while refusing to exempt married conscripts for the purpose of taking care of their spouses and children by ratification of the Act entitled” How to Assist Families of Conscripts Who Lose the Ability to Provide for Them Because They Have to Perform Their Military Service”.This issue has given rise to a challenge concerning adoption of double standards in regard to the same subject in the Iranian legal system, and the current research has sought to examine these standards by investigating the "basis of legitimacy" of this type of exemption and the "standards" that govern it.The propositions resulting from this research are that, according to the binding precedent No. 1233 and 1234 rendered by the General Board of the Administrative Justice Court, this type of exemption is not dependent on the mothers' disability, need, etc, but purely on the real lack of a caretaker for the mothers of such conscripts and it is obvious that according to the principle of justice, the prohibition of unfair discrimination and the rule of a fortiori, granting such an exemption while married conscripts are not exempted, is not compatible with the principles and rules of jurisprudence and law and the legislator should act fairly by adopting an equal criterion regarding the two propositions mentioned above, and if it considers the exemption to be based on the necessity to provide maintenance and care, should extend it to both of these types of exemptions. Moreover, if he considers the mere fact of the dependents being female sufficient to exempt conscripts, it should apply this criterion to married conscripts as well.

In addition to ensuring the security of a society, public service employees are people who create security and deserve to benefit from a favorable situation and stay away from the processes and cycles that cause dissatisfaction and burnout. The general task is based on the functions of human resources and has been carried out with a mixed approach. In the first part, by analyzing the qualitative content and evaluating the reliability and validity of the findings, the main functions were counted in the form of 5 themes and 36 categories, and in the second part, the themes of the statistics The statistical population of the present study is all the interested parties (armed forces, policy makers, employees, duty workers) and the statistical sample to conduct a semi-structured, targeted interview with a snowball approach. were selected. The results of the research showed that the compensation of the employees and the correct use of the most effective functions in the formation of the desired situation were in the fourth level of the model. Calling and acceptance were in the third level and training and development were in the second level and the end function Service as the most effective theme in the desired state of duty service Wami was placed in the first level

Large societies are based on the idea of a common identity for a nation. Therefore, governments are trying different ways to help create such a society by educating, creating and strengthening common values, supporting a national identity, etc. It is through which a society transfers its political culture from one generation to another. Since military service is a place to teach discipline to young people and prepare them to accept other roles, based on this, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the political socialization of conscript students in the process of in-service training. In terms of method, the current research is a descriptive survey type, and data collection was done by questionnaire method, and content validity and construct validity were used to verify the validity. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics have been used. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire of political socialization of duty students was used. This scale has included 18 items, which have been measured in the form of 5 components of the formation of political values and beliefs - service to the elevation of the homeland - political participation - respect for the sovereignty of the political system - adherence to commitments, action and behavior through the statistical community. According to the obtained results, the first, second, and fifth components were evaluated as favorable, and the third and fourth components have met the level of satisfaction to some extent, but still the lack of effective and efficient policies regarding these components is evident and tangible and should be taken into consideration by the policy makers.

Considering the developments that have occurred in the concept of defense and security in recent decades, there is a need to review the country's defense patterns, especially in the field of public and specialized conscription service. The purpose of this study was to study the future of specialized conscription service based on scenario approach using the capacities of science, technology and innovation ecosystem. The type of research is based on a qualitative approach and the scenario method has been used. The target of study is students and graduates in specialized service process and the analysis is based on descriptive statistical methods and validity and reliability are considered in the framework of qualitative studies. In future scenario planning with emphasis on the three-year horizon, two uncertainties in "bureaucratic transformation of services" and "Services diversity" were identified, which led to the development of four scenarios: gradual reform of research services, systemic transformation of research services, Limited development of scientific services and systemic transformation of various scientific services. Beyond the short-term scenarios, a variety of research-oriented, technology-oriented, entrepreneurship and social activism services have been proposed and the findings show that moving towards a knowledge-based ecosystem will lead to a fundamental transformation in this field.

Political socialization is the basic for social security, which is one of the essential needs of society and the transfer of the strengths, stability and continuity of any political system. No doubt that ignoring it will increase the indifference of the people of society towards the fate of the country and their vulnerability to the false propaganda of the enemies. The present paper, which is the result of research in this context, examines the role of service training in the maintenance and development of social security with the political socialization approach. This research has dealt with the qualitative method, descriptive method with content analysis tools and the comments of five elites and high ranking military leaders and decision makers in the area of service. To achieve the goal by using the interview method, gathering information and analyzing the data, we examine the issue significantly and ultimately to the results of current policies regarding the current policies for political socialization. In order to collect data, the interview method was used. As evident in the final assessment of the interview conducted with the officials and policy makers, there is a great deal of respect for the components of our formation, values and political beliefs, service to the top of the homeland, and adherence to commitments, action and behavior that we have desired, and there is less attention in training the component of the political participation and the component of respect for the sovereignty of the political system.

Due to the fact that assessing individual preferences, could to some extent, indicate the social effects policy options have on military service, the choices of individuals within different income groups and with different perspectives have been analyzed. Therefore, individual preferences about the military service exemption fee have been assessed based on two main categories, which are regular exemption fees and exemption fees, that lead to a significant increase in the salaries of soldiers. The results of the multinomial logit model, which was based on 440 questionnaires, indicate, firstly, the individual’s income does not affect their preference about the military service fee exemption policy. Secondly, age is directly related to preferences, such that the increase in age of the individual has a positive relationship with the likelihood of preferring the current condition and a negative relationship with the likelihood of preferring the military service exemption fee policy. Thirdly, sensitivity to discrimination and inequality has a negative impact on the likelihood of choosing fee exemption options. Lastly, the results of the model confirm the fact that individuals serving in the military service or who have completed their military service, are less inclined to support the exemption fee options.

Public military service can play an important role in educating and empowering young people in various fields. One of these areas is the training and empowerment of young people to enter the labor market. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a model for training soldiers in the public service.

To design the model, qualitative research method, grounded theory approch, has been used. In order to collect data, in addition to interviews with 13 officials and experts in the field of public service, documents and organizational reports that were selected by theoretical sampling, have been examined to further enrich the findings. Research data were analyzed during the three stages of open, axial and selective coding and a skills training model was developed during the military period.

According to the research results, in-service skills training includes a wide range of requirements, methods and measures. Due to the nature of the training, in addition to purely theoretical training, methods such as role-playing, on-the-job training, coaching, mentoring and apprenticeship should be used to train soldiers.

For the successful implementation of the soldiers' training plan, reforming laws and regulations, changing the attitude of commanders and providing infrastructure are among the requirements and measures such as structural reform, ‌ formulation of incentive policies, ‌ determination of training areas and development of action plan, including measures It is important.

This study is aimed at identifying the general competencies of the conscripts and presenting a model for measuring these competencies which can be used in the effective employment of conscripts in the armed forces. This research follows quantitative and qualitative methods including action research, documentary study, comparative study, survey study and narrative research. Data were collected through library records, analysis of valid upstream documents, including General Staff directions, administrative regulations and rules, comparative studies, and interviews through Delphi method. The statistical population of this research for interviews included human resource specialists of the units and the headquarters of the Armed Forces. The purposive combined sampling method and snowball was used for the interviews which were conducted by Delphi method in three stages; the first stage was in face to face situation and the next two stages were done through correspondence. Six countries were surveyed in the beginning to identify the general competencies of the conscripts through comparative studies. The general competency questionnaires derived from comparative studies were analyzed using one-sample t-test and binominal test using SPSS software. Competency outputs from the questionnaire as well as competencies derived from other methods were screened by the experts in the expert panel. The members of the expert panel, all human resource specialists of the Armed Forces, were introduced by the General Staff of the Armed Forces. Having summarized and categorized the general competencies required by the conscripts, the researchers decided on the general categories of personality, emotional intelligence, physical aptitude and mental health. In order to assess these competencies, Neo scale and interview, Bar-On Scale, APFT and MOPC physical fitness test, etc. were suggested.

Considering that a large part of society, inductees and their families, is somehow influenced by military service, its optimal management can have positive effects at the individual and macro level. One of the aspects that influence the productivity of public military service is the management of different functions of military service. The main purpose of this paper is to formulate a policy model for military service functions. The grounded theory method has been used for theorizing and providing the model. In order to collect the required data, in addition to interviewing the experts, the upstream documents and related reports were also examined and the qualitative data were analyzed during the three stages of open, central and selective coding. The research findings show that the main function of military service is defense-security, but with the increase in the level of education and competencies of draftees, the use of soldiers in economic, social, and cultural fields, not only leads to higher effectiveness of military service but also increases satisfaction of the inductees. Some new functions of public military service that are proposed to be on the agenda of policymakers are regional development, development of deprived areas, rural development, and development of small and medium enterprises. Because government cannot fully provide the services required in these areas due to financial and structural constraints. But, utilization of public military service in these new functions requires measures such as reforming laws and regulations, sensitizing, institutionalizing, formulating a strategic document for the conscription, and structural reforms.

During the Qajar era, conscription entered the Iranian legal system, in imitate Europe in order to strengthen the defense and build a strong army. The operation of Religious scholars with conscription’s approval and implementation were different; most scholars including the Imam Jome Khuee and Martyr Moddares was Agree and also support the Approval of conscription’s law. But some scholars including Haj Aqa Noorollah Esfahani and Mirza Sadiq Tabrizi apparently disagree with Implementation of this law. These two different positions raise the question: what was the view of the Religious scholars towards this law and what jurisprudential reasons did they have. This article for responding this question investigate this issue with an analytical and descriptive method and concludes that Religious scholars didn’t have any religious disagreement with conscription but they also supported its approval and implementation. But the disagreement by some scholars that has been reported during the implementation of this system, was aimed at combating Reza Shah's anti-religious policies by cover of conscription and coordinate people against him. People's unfamiliarity with the new system, Reza Shah's mastering on the army and using it for anti-religious purposes, are the other reason of religious scholars' disagreement.

The requirement to conscription is one of the important issues of public law. This topic from Beginning to enter Iran has been supporters and opponents. One of the citations that mentioned by a group of shias' jurists about the legitimacy of obligation to conscription is based on The concept of Jihad in shias' jurisprudence. Current research via descriptive-analytical method and library studies, by reviewing the Quranic verses and lifestyle of the Imams in reacting toward those people who have no acceptable reasons for dont participating in jihad, Concluded that use of some kind of Coercion toward those people is legitimate. Most of that requirement were of social pressure type and Threat to the retribution of the hereafter and less of theme were direct obligation and forcing people to participate in the battlefield. Anyway killing people for dont participating in jihad isn’t legitimate. Keyword: conscription, Obligation to Jihad, Quranic verses, lifestyle of the Imams, Imamiye jurisprudence, conscription, obligation to conscription

The use of soldiers in civilian institutions and the non-exemption of married persons for the purposes of spousal marriage were among the religious objections of the Guardian Council jurists to "the Proposal of Conscription" approved in 26 December 1983 by the Islamic Consultative Assembly. Notwithstanding the initial objection of the Guardian Council in amendments to the said law, regulations with similar content to the objectionable materials have been approved by the Majlis and approved by the Guardian Council jurists. The question now arises as to why the amendments made to the said law do not include such religious objections. The present article, by studying the library and the descriptive-analytical method and by analyzing the relevant laws and regulations, the decisions and annotations of the Guardian Council's conclusions, concluded that these two objections, while still existing in the context of foreign laws and reality, were ignored by the Council and there is no persuasive reason for this neglect. It is therefore necessary for the Guardian Council of, as the Sharia guardian body, to re-examine the rules of conscription in order to comply with Sharia standards.