جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سیاست توسعه » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

One of the most important drawing strategies in the country's upstream documents is the development of petrochemical exports, which means that moving towards increasing petrochemical exports requires a change of attitude in the structure and relevant institutions and policies. The aim of the current research is to design policy scenarios for the development of petrochemical exports until 1414 BAST. A statistical sample of 12 experts was selected for interview and a statistical sample of 24 people was selected in 1401 to complete the questionnaire. In this research, the scenario development method based on mutual effects analysis was used. Among the findings, 26 factors were identified as the main policy drivers of petrochemical export development through thematic analysis. The mentioned factors were analyzed by using Micmac software. In the findings of the research, eight variables were identified as the key drivers that had the least effect and the most effect in the development of petrochemical exports. Then the obtained variables were entered into the Scenario Wizard software and four fair game scenarios; the loser champion; Land transfer and silent death were formulated as the main scenarios for the future development of the export of petrochemical products in the country. At the end, the developed scenarios were compared and analyzed with the background. The results and findings of this research can provide a suitable platform for policy makers and managers in the field of petrochemical exports so that understanding between policy makers is accompanied by an understanding and vision of the future.

The text explains six main intellectual frameworks in the development Economics based on Cohen's paradigm. Since the publication of Thomas Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962, researchers in the natural sciences and then social sciences, particularly economic researchers tried to apply paradigmatic analysis in a variety of disiplines including development. Hunt’s book is a good example of such works.
Modernization, structuralism, Neo-Marxism, Maoism, basic needs and Neoclassical Economics as competing paradigms have been discussed in this work. The author explains dependency theory, but does not recognize it as a paradigm. In this paper, the author’s definition of Paradigm, has been criticized. Another critique to the text is Incommensurability of paradigms that constitute the book's approach.
Economic Methodologists, which are viewed economics from the perspective of Cohen’s scientific revolution, they recognized Keynesian economics as true paradigm shift in economics and development economists recognized the shift from modernization to dependency theory as a true paradigm shift in development. Finally, institutionalist approach to economic development, neglected and has not been discussed in the text.

The stage of development of a society shows the society's historical period and overall social, cultural, economic and political conditions at various levels of macro (system), meso (institutions and organizations) and micro (actors) scales. Despite strengths and capabilities of development, it brings about problems and difficulties that may cause disorder and instability. Such disorder and insatiability are observed more in countries that their development process is affected by foreign models and theoretical paradigms. More notably, these disorders appear in social sphere, due to negligence of social development. This article discusses insatiability and difficulties that occur in social sphere in the light of the new development discourses, such as post colonialism, post development and alternative developments, as well as practical experiences and implications of policies and development programs. The essential assumption of this article is that the social consideration and consequently social development issues are usually overlooked, so that social development issues- from a theoretical point of view- are simply reduced to social welfare. Also in policymaking it is limited to providing welfare and utilities for satisfying basic needs.

The undeveloped Iran and its remedies form the basis of most development studies and researches in the country. Mean while, the contemporary social movements in Iran, especially the Islamic Revolution have occurred for the sake of development. In the aftermath of Iranian's intellectual growth towards the end of 19th century and as a result of the introduction of modernism in the country, various development policies and programs have been recommended and executed. Also, different approaches (cultural, political, economic, political economy, etc) and tactics have been presented. This article, next to the explanation of those approaches, gives a fresh outlook about the Iranian undevelopment and its main cause. The author believes that all the modern Iranian development policies and measures taken in this regard have failed due to cultural, political, and economic reasons intended by the above approaches. A main cause for this failure could be the western models that dominated both the ex-Shah's regime and are still persisting in the Islamic Republic. The prevailing discourse of western development worldwide has been in accordance with the Iranian policies and has been practiced uncritically without any consideration of historical, social and cultural conditions of this country.