جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سیستم معادلات هم زمان » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Sentiment risk factors at the market level include a small portion of possible factors that include factors related to competition, suppliers, employees and customers, financing, foreign operations, regulations, lawsuits, governance, the environment. The severity of this disclosure gap is only addressed by regulatory efforts that require companies to discuss their quantitative and qualitative assessments of perceived risks and uncertainties. One of dimensions of behavioral finance is behavioral risk, which is also known mental risk or perceived risk; which actually the investors' subjective judgment of the risk, which may be estimated more or less than the real risk. The main purpose of the present research is investigate the relationship between the risk Sentiment annual reports and the investor's risk Sentiment, which was conducted based on data of companies admitted the Tehran Stock Exchange in 13-year period between 2007 and 2019. To test the hypotheses of the research, the system of simultaneous equations and the analysis of two-stage regression coefficients have been used. The estimation results indicate that there significant relationship between the change in the standard deviation of monthly returns, the change in beta risk, and the change the volume of stock transactions with changes in risk Sentiment of annual reports.

Banks are among the main sectors of any country's economy. Nowadays, one of the questions raised about Iran's economy is whether the expansion of banks and nongovernmental credit institutions has led to achieving the goals of increasing competitiveness, efficiency, and overall economic growth.
 The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the expansion of banks and nongovernmental credit institutions on private sector investment, employment, and gross domestic product in Iran from March 2001 to July 2020. To do this, first, a special and appropriate index was created to evaluate the effectiveness of banks and nongovernmental credit institutions. Then, the index was put alongside the equations of gross domestic product, private sector investment, employment, and liquidity and estimated within the framework of a system of simultaneous equations using the 3SLS system. After that, the effects of the index were assessed through the two channels of the liquidity effect and distributive effect.
The results demonstrated that during the study period, the formation and expansion of banks and non-governmental credit institutions had no significant effect on private sector investment, employment, and gross domestic product.

One of the most important challenges of the banking system is the bank interest rate and how it is determined.In many developing countries, without efficient structures, interest rates are usually set by order, regardless of the market situation, taking into account general economic indicators, including inflation, and with a supportive view towards some economic sectors.In Iran, due to some political and economic considerations, the determination of the interest rate was assigned to the Money and Credit Council by order, so that it can provide the basis for growth or strengthening of production or inflation control at its own discretion.  But in reality, this method, firstly, due to being influenced by the directive policies of various governments, and secondly, the failure to achieve some basic goals of the banking system, cannot be a suitable criterion for determining the optimal interest rate.Determining the interest rate of exchange contracts in Iran's usury-free banking system, inspired by Taylor's rule, can help the country's economic policymakers in achieving the goals specified in the country's monetary and banking law and has stabilizing effects on the country's economy. Therefore, in this research, the system of simultaneous equations and the three-stage least squares method (3sls) was used to model the determination of the policy interest rate and obtain the coefficients of the variables.The results of the research for the period 2018-2019 show that firstly, the monetary authorities' reaction to the production gap and expected inflation is not compatible with Taylor's generalized rule and second, choosing the best methods of setting quantitative goals for Iran's economy in development programs will be meaningless until the regular method for determining the interest rate is implemented.

There are numerous and conflicting views on the impact of corruption on economic growth. A number of humanities scholars have described corruption as a good phenomenon and called it the grease wheel of the economy, and they believe that financial corruption improves the weak economic institutions, and by that means , The growth rate of the economy will increase. On the other hand, some scholars have emphasized the undesirable nature of corruption and considered financial corruption as the economy's sand and argued that corruption is costly and costly, and the ineffectiveness of the administrative process and the transfer of resources to non-productive activities is eroding economic growth.This paper studies the impact of corruption on the growth of the Iranian economy from 1983 to 2014 by using the talent allocation approach and by applying the econometric method of equation system. The divergence in talent allocation has slowed the growth of the Iranian economy in of these years.

The purpose of this study was to study the reaction of investors to the objective and objective suspicion of profit components in suspected financial distress in a        11-year period from 1386 to 1396 with 1320 views in 120 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. To analyze the data and test the hypotheses, the simulation model of Mishkin (1983) and the multivariate regression model were used using the Eviews software version 10 has been used.The findings of the research indicate that investors have the mental sustainability of cash components and earnings accruals in relation to the objective stability of cash components and earnings accrual, more than actually they value it.Therefore, investors are pricing inappropriately, the profit of companies suspected of financial distress and the capital market is not as efficient as the components of profit information. In other words, companies suspect financial distress, the investors' incorrect responses and inappropriate pricing of them.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the capital market efficiency in using information on cash components of accounting earning for stock pricing in companies admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to achieve the research goal, 137 companies (year-company 2055) were selected among the listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2003 to 2017 by systematic elimination sampling method. Simultaneous equations system and Mishkin test were used to estimate the equation systems and to test the research hypotheses. Research findings indicate that among the cash components of the earnings, the market appears to be inefficient to the information of changes in financial assets, cash distributed to shareholders, the unusual part of the change in the financial assets, and the positive and negative part of the abnormal changes in the financial assets. However, it is efficient to the information of funds distributed to creditors, the normal part of the change in the financial assets (positive and negative). Based on the results, market players' response to the sustainability of cash components of earnings different, and the capital market is efficient in relation to some information and cash components of accounting earning and is not efficient with respect to some information, and the capital market is incapable with understanding some of the cash components information of earning.Contribution: The present study examines the capital market efficiency in information analysis of cash components of accounting earning and can have a significant impact on literature related to the performance of the capital market, and it can create an efficient market to ensure investment by identifying some information of the cash components of the earning that the market is not efficient for them.

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the interaction effects of risk, capitalization and inefficiency in Iran's banking system. For this purpose, combined data of commercial and private banks of Iran in years (1999-2012), were collected and analyzed using simultaneous equation approach and fixed effects two-stage least squares (FE2SLS), The results confirm the belief that these three variables are simultaneously determined. The results indicate that relationship between inefficiency with quality of loans is significant and positive. Capitalization and loan growth have positive effect on inefficiency. Capital accumulation will decrease quality loans. Capital accumulation also has negative effects on the quality of banking risk indicator.On the other hand ,due to the inefficiency of the banking system's cost and return on assets on capital accumulation, banks that arent in a good position in terms of performance, are not in a right position in terms of equipping and capital accumulation either.

This research aims to analyze the effects of industrial agglomeration on regional economic growth in the Iranian provinces. For this aim, this study is divided into theoretical and applied sectors. In the theoretical point of view, the research has proposed a simple theoretical framework to study the impacts of industrial agglomeration on regional economic growth. In applied sector, we have specified econometrics models and estimated them by using a system of simultaneous equations using Panel Data for 28 provinces of Iran over the period 2000-2006. Results show that regional economic growth is positively affected by industrial agglomeration and regional knowledge level and negatively affected by human capital mobility cost and per capita income. Results also show that regional economic growth, transportation cost, household expenditure and human capital mobility cost have positive effects on industrial agglomeration in the Iranian provinces.

Whithin recent decades, investment in women's education and gender equality are important subjects that economists and policymakers are interested in. Eduacational gender inequality impacts negatively on human capital and therefor economic growth. Using simullaneous equation model and seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) method, this paper investigates the direct and indirect impact of gender equality in education on economic growth. The sample includes developing countries over period 2000-2006. The results indicate that gender equalities in education have a statistically significant positive effect on economic growth. The results suggest that gender equality in education helps to promote economic growth directly in increasing human capital accumulation and indirectly in raising investment, in population growth planning. So, it's required that developing countries provide the promotion of educational gender equality by considering the role of women in economic development.

This paper concentrates on investigating the effect of monetary instruments on macroeconomic variables using structural model over the period 1981- 2006. The main results of simulation show that decrease in the interest rate, increases investment but it's effect on production (GDP) is negligible. This weak effect is probably due to some factors such as, the introduction of some new projects with low returns, allocation of some public resources towards the policy implementation and its subsequent inflationary impacts. In addition, the results show that simultaneous decrease in the loan interest rate and public investment could offset the effectiveness of the interest rate policy and decrease public investment and GDP. Also, the results show that there is a direct relationship between public and private investment.