جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « فریب » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Despite high expectations, the attempts of Saudi Arabia and Israel to forge political and diplomatic ties reached an impasse. The two countries, which had employed secret diplomacy for a decade to effect this change, were unable to leverage the potential inherent in such diplomacy to succeed and formalize relations. This paper primarily investigates the causes of this failure. The central hypothesis posits that while this issue is partly linked to the Operation Al-Aqsa Flood in October 2023, the principal reason pertains to the unique process of “secret diplomacy”.The secret diplomatic efforts between Riyadh and Tel Aviv not only fell short of achieving the outcomes both parties sought, but were also destined to fail from the outset due to the absence of a clear strategy, their one-sided approach, Israel’s anti-diplomacy style, Saudi Arabia's deceptive diplomacy, and finally, the inconsistency in the United States' foreign policy. This paper aims to elucidate the reasons for this failure by employing a historical analysis method, focusing on the nature of the past secret diplomacy between the two countries.

The methodology of this paper is based on historical analysis, meaning that we will scrutinize the current and future state of secret diplomacy between Saudi Arabia and Israel, drawing on the historical trajectory of each actor’s secret diplomacy. Given that their secret diplomatic interactions are ongoing, the most critical data and rationale for assessment lie in their past behavior in previous instances of secret diplomacy.

Based on the results of this study, the factors shaping secret diplomacy between Israel and Saudi Arabia are the following:Countering Iran’s influence in the Middle East The preparedness of the United States to withdraw from the Middle East or diminish its military footprint in the region The inability of the United States to effectively counter Iran on nuclear and regional matters The interest of the United States in a significant compromise in the Middle East due to security considerations and its internal political issues The escalatingaspirations of Turkey The mutual economic interests of both Israel and Saudi Arabia The factors contributing to the unsuccessful secret diplomacy between Riyadh and Tel Aviv, encompassing Saudi Arabia’s domestic issues, its bilateral ties with Israel, and its relations with other countries, are outlined as follows:Excessive prolongation of negotiations (bilateral relations with Israel) Internal political shifts within the United States (third parties) Saudi Arabia’s substantial expectations from the United States in military, nuclear, and security aspects (third parties) The Israeli anti-diplomatic stance and lack of flexibility on the issue of Palestine (bilateral relations with Israel) The widespread impact ofthe Operation Al-Aqsa Flood on the Arab world and Saudi society (Saudi domestic issues) Saudi Arabia’s observation of Israel’s vulnerability and subsequent adjustments (third parties) The agreement between Saudi Arabia and Iran with the mediation of China and stopping the war in Yemen (third parties)The enhancement of relations between Turkey and Saudi Arabia, along with Saudi Arabia’s reconciliation with Qatar (third parties)The absence of a roadmap for secret diplomacy (bilateral relations with Israel)Recognition of the high and negative costs associated with establishing formal relations with Israel in the aftermath of the Operation Al-Aqsa Flood (Saudi domestic issues).In summary, it can be said that Saudi Arabia continues to pursue the establishment of formal political ties with Israel. However, this necessitates a more flexible stance from Tel Aviv and a departure from its anti-diplomatic approach, and political shifts within the United States. Saudi Arabia is willing to make concessions, provided that the U.S. government aligns with Riyadh’s interests and ensures the desired demands are met.

The novel Chess with the Doomsday Machine, written by Habib Ahmadzadeh, represents a war-torn society through a second-person narrative that creates a link between the narrator and the audience while creating distance. The narrator presents a different and sometimes contradictory narrative of the war - from reporting concrete facts to providing a platform for critical thinking about it. This shows how paying attention to the types and dimensions of text narrations and putting them in interaction with each other leads to different and new perceptions. In the readings of the novel Chess with the Doomsday Machine, the attention to detail has led to an individualistic critique of the text and the placement of social issues in the individual sphere. In the present encounter with the text, an attempt is made to examine the socio-cultural situation depicted during the war, considering the entanglement of the narrations and considering the narration of chess with the resurrection machine in dealing with the sub-narrations. And be criticized. This view of the text is, in fact, a call to the audience to reflect on the narrative form of the world by the characters and their actions and reactions to the induced reality and, consequently, on how to reinterpret it.

The deception of the masses by demagogues is a phenomenon that has long been seen as a social unit in the interaction between governments and rulers in power with the public. The latest sociological sciences pay specific attention to and examine this issue from two aspects; the stimulators of demagogues that direct the masses and placing masses in the path of specific group goals. The present study explains and recognizes the characteristics of demagogues in orienting the masses, based on the short history of Imam Ali's rule and his teachings. According to historical shreds of evidence, the Imam's opponents, by deceiving the masses, have tried to seize power and exclude Imam from the rule, which has paved the way for removing the Alawite government and transfer of power to the demagogues. This study has been conducted through content analysis and library data collection method, in fundamental and practical approaches. The results indicated that the rulers in power, with characteristics such as hypocrisy, meretriciousness, unity on falsehood, worldliness, complicity with Satan, and spreading suspicion throughout society, are void individuals and lead society towards their own goals.

One of the concepts related to \"self\" that is currently considered by psychologists, especially in the realm of personality, is the concept of self-deception.
In Islamic texts, self-deception is mentioned with different words that have the ability to describe and explain psychologically. The aim of this study was to identify the concept of self-deception in psychology and Islamic sources and to determine the components and categories of the structure of self-deception. Psychological findings were collected and analyzed by reviewing and explaining various psychologicalsources.
The components and categories of the structure of self-deception in Islamic sources were also collected by the method of content analysis from the words al_Tasvil(insinuation),al_Khida(duplicity) and al_qash(fraud) and then categorized, combined and analyzed.
The findings showed that the comprehensive concept of self-deception is a kind of cognitive defect in the individual that hides the truth, misunderstanding, deviant tendencies or behavior that results in incorrect misconceptions.
The structure also includes the five main components of ignorance, the desire for pleasures, personal deviation, selfishness and secrecy, and 30 categories.

There is no doubt that contract law is one of the important foundations of economic system and efficiency and being up-to-date of its rules can have a major role on economic growth. So foreseeing suitable remedies for breach of contract is very important and it can be said that it is a fundamental factor in evaluating the efficiency of contract law. The paper analyses one of the major defects of Iranian contract law. It should be noted The Supreme Court in decree number 733 provided a solution for how to compensate buyer’s losses in an unauthorized transaction. Alongside with uncertainty and doubt that exists about the accepted standard in the decree and its restorative ability in these cases, the possibility of the application of the standard in other cases of dissolution of contract; specifically termination is an important question that giving an answer to it, is very necessary considered with practical aspects. In this survey, it has been proposed that the application of the decree in all causes of contract dissolution is rational and reasonable on the understanding that it has the same base in common with unauthorized transactions and in fact, the buyer has been deceived

This study used a nonconcurrent multiple baseline across participants design to evaluate the use of rules, role-play, and feedback for teaching 3 children with autism spectrum disorder to tell socially appropriate lies when (a) presented with an undesired gift and (b) someone’s appearance changed in an undesired way. The intervention was effective in teaching use of socially appropriate lies, and generalization to untrained people and gifts or appearances was observed.

Vision and Plan with the approval in paragraph 11 of Article 121 in the study and implementation of passive defense and vital installations Critical task of implementation, the basis for considering the issue of passive defense in the brick structure was formed. Threats and actions planned global arrogance against the Islamic Republic of Iran, occupying two neighboring countries east and west (Afghanistan and Iraq) and various bases around the country, Study and implementation of more urgent projects passive defense was the center of attention for all devices.Although none of the current situation regarding the implementation of passive defense of vital installations and sites, No doubt, but the whole system is sensitive to structural studies and implementation of such projects in all executive agencies and more importantly culture passive defense is the responsibility of the engineering community. In this article we have tried to explain the design and implementation of passive defense in the vital arteries of camouflage, deception, allocation, distribution and division,pay structures.