جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کشاورزی روستایی » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

The aim of the current research is to investigate the social causes of the weakness in the adoption of biofertilizer technology, despite the passage of three decades since Iranian technologists achieved their industrial production.

The present study followed a qualitative research approach and used the case study strategy. The data collection was carried out through document study, unstructured interviews, and participatory observation, and the studied unit was the socio-technical fertilizer system. Data was collected from policy-making departments, public and private companies, and universities and was analyzed using the explanatory construction method.

During the three decades under study, policy nests in the field of laws and institution building by the government and technology nests in technology promotion and market development have been created by biofertilizer producers. Also, in the shadow of global developments such as the embargo, war, increased fertilizer prices, and demand for healthy products, the domestic perspective is also under pressure, but it has not led to a significant increase in the acceptance of biological fertilizer.

In addition to the characteristics of authoritarianism and rigidity towards the change of procedures in the executive body, the custodian of fertilizer supply and distribution in the country as a network of politically connected companies by using mechanisms of regulatory capture, hiding and denying the effectiveness of technology, limiting the access of competitors, and discrimination in law enforcement, has not allowed the formation of windows of opportunity in the socio-technical system of fertilizer. Also, the entanglement of the prospect of self-sufficiency in agricultural products with the provision of chemical fertilizer subsidies in the form of imports has made it impossible to form a new configuration in the technical-social fertilizer system. At the same time, the custodian body considered the barriers to the release of biofertilizers as their high price, lack of effectiveness in performance, and lack of acceptance of bio-fertilizers as small ownership, old age, and low education of the Iranian agricultural community; an issue that was not true in the field of practice.

Many of the world's rural-based cities have remained agriculturally oriented. In this study, by investigating the role of rural agriculture in promoting urban-regional development indicators, we intend to explain this issue; to this end, the city of south Rudbar in Kerman province has been selected. The current study is based on a developmental goal. This research has collected data in three parts. Meanwhile, with 110 complete questionnaires for urban people, 300 questionnaires for rural people and 36 questionnaires by experts, data gathering stage has been reached. Statistical analysis of the study was conducted using SPSS20 software, model implementation and answering the hypotheses was performed using Smart-PLS2 software.During the first hypothesis test, the effect of agricultural economy on urban development in the first model, it has a path coefficient of 0.569 and according to t statistic 17.652 at 99% level, this effect has been positive and significant. In this study, the effect of agricultural economy on urban development in the second model; the path coefficient was 0.390, in accordance with the t statistic of 6.653 at 99% level, this effect was positive and significant and this hypothesis was retained.In the second hypothesis, the effectiveness of agricultural factors on urban development in the second model, the path coefficient was -0.131 and regarding the t statistic 2.499 at 95% level, this effect was negative and significant.In the third hypothesis the effect of agricultural economy on urban development by adjusting agricultural factors in the second model; the coefficient path was -0/217; according to t statistic 3.894 at 99% level, this effect was negative and significant. In the first hypothesis, the effect of agricultural economy on urban development in the third model; the path coefficient was 0.486. Moreover, with regard to t statistic 9.482 at the level of 99%, this effect was positive and significant. In verifying the second hypothesis, the effect of agricultural factors on urban development in the third model; the path coefficient was -0.149. According to t statistic 2.889 at 99% level, this effect was negative and significant.

Researches indicate that around one third of lands are located in arid areas and Islamic republic of Iran is also located in arid and semi-arid area of the world. Apart from aridity, a significant part of the country, i.e. around 25 million hectares are wastelands. But beyond this most permanent, seasonal and temporal rivers and many important inland lakes have saltwater which worsen this sad situation. On the other hand, more water is extracted from groundwater sources to satisfy ever increasing demands. For example, 79837 million m3 water was extracted from ground water resources in 2002-2003 water year which compared to 2001-2002 water year has increased up to 2.5 percent. Inappropriate and wasteful use of groundwater also results in salinization of freshwater resources.
Southern provinces and cities bordering the desert have lots of saltwater. Water shortage and water saltiness along with salt salinization have even reached agricultural villages and lands are no longer profitable. Most aqueduct, especially those in southern parts of the country and those bordering the desert have dried. There were around 40000 aqueduct which reached 26307 in 2004. Many lands are now barren and desolate. Irregular and unplanned extraction of water from aqueducts, springs and freshwater resources by deep and semi-deep wells have decreased freshwater resources to a great degree and have gradually increased saltwater, water shortage crisis and drought crisis. This crisis is an alarm indicating a massive crisis of water shortage. Planners and authorities should see this crisis as an important religious and divine responsibility and try to find a compassionate and responsible solution. Before it is too late, they should manage and protect water resources, try to preserve rural agriculture and avoid wasting water and polluting its resources, which are shortly discussed in the present article.