جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "based" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

The main purposes of this research are to design and develop a tag-oriented deep artificial neural network as recommender system for online shops in order to increase online sale. The chosen research method is design science and experimental in which in the evaluation measurement step design of experiment has been used. In order to improve the performance of the recommender system user tags have been used and deep neural networks algorithm has been used to recommend movies to users. An experiment has been designed and implemented in which the designed and developed recommender system has been compared to collaborative filtering method, which is one of the established methods of recommendation, in the evaluation metrics of precision, recall and f1 for the recommendation of movies. The result proves that the developed recommender system with utilizing the tag-oriented deep artificial neural network outperforms the collaborative filtering in all of these metrics

One of the most controversial issues in applied linguistics since the past two decades concerns the role of genre-based writing instruction and its applications in the area of second language (L2) teaching and learning (Correa & Echeverri, 2017; Derewianka, 2015; Lin, 2016; Tardy, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2011; Truscott, 2012; Thompson, 2014). Genre has been variously defined by different scholars in the field of second language acquisition. Swales (1990) introduced genre as a class of “communicative events” characterized by a sequence of segments with each move accomplishing some part of the overall communicative purpose of the text, in order to produce distinctive structural patterns.The main theoretical background of the study lies on Halliday’s (1994) Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), which offers the most theoretically sophisticated and pedagogically developed approach of the three, underpinned by a highly evolved and insightful theory of language and motivated by a commitment to language and literacy education (Hyland, 2004; Paltridge, 2001). Paltridge (2002) concluded that writing genre-based tasks, help learners achieve some genre knowledge and develop their awareness to reflect on the acquisition of the genres they need. Although previous studies have contributed to different aspects of language pedagogy in L2 writing, much remains to be investigated regarding the impact of genre-based approach on EFL learners’ written production. Bearing the gap in the literature in mind, specifically, investigation of genre-based instruction could contribute to SLA literature theoretically and practically
This study aims at addressing the following research questions
RQ1: Are product, process, and genre-based approaches differentially effective in the improvement of accuracy in writing among intermediate EFL learners?
RQ2: Are product, process, and genre-based approaches differentially effective in the improvement of fluency in writing among intermediate EFL learners?
RQ3: Are product, process, and genre-based approaches differentially effective in the improvement of complexity in writing among intermediate EFL learners?
One-way ANOVA was employed as the statistical means of analysis for comparing the means of accuracy of product, process, and genre groups in written task.
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of three modes of developments (product, process, and genre-based) on written task performance across linguistic domain of accuracy, fluency, and complexity in EFL context. The results of the study are in line with the findings of Swales (1986), Martin (2009), Martin & Rose (2008), Johns (2003), Hyland (2007), and Kuhi (2014) who supported the effectiveness and merits of genre-based approach on learners’ written performance. Similarly, in line with the findings of the study the results of the study conducted by Paltridge (2001) revealed that learners outperformed and produced coherent writing in the genres taught, relying on the model texts provided. Also, Yayli (2011) observed a group of EFL learners. He proposed that the students displayed awareness of generic features and applied such knowledge to the practice of genres. Similar findings were reported by Huang (2014), he found that the student developed knowledge of the research article genre through assimilating explicit genre instruction. Yayli (2011) and Huang (2014) both confirmed that genre-based pedagogy could effectively foster students’ genre awareness. In line with this arguments, Yasuda (2011) focused on a task-based syllabus design and investigated its effect in a genre-focused writing. Yasuda’s (2011) study demonstrated the effectiveness of a task-based instructional framework in genre learning. Also, Cheng (2008a) revealed that, a key finding was that the concept of genre functioned as an explicit and supportive learning tool in the student’s growing awareness.
However, the findings ran against Freedman & Richardson (1997) that centered on the disjuncture between the claim that meaning is encapsulated in textual objects, genres as autonomous systems, and the avowal of a social constructionist functional model of language. Also, Dovey (2010) conducted a design-based research and the results obtained revealed that students who learned with the process-based curriculum design had better performance in writing than their counterparts in genre group. According to Byram (2004) genre underestimates the skills required to produce content, and learners’ self-sufficiency. Similarly, Bawarshi (2000), and Badger & White (2000), adopted an approach as a synthesis of the three approaches which could lead to important development in the writing classroom. As Badger and White argue, effective communication involves knowledge about language, knowledge of the context in which the writing happens and especially the purpose for the writing (as in genre approaches), and skills in using language (as in process approaches) (2000, pp. 157-158)

Innovation is one of the important features of today's organizations in the field of environmental changes,globalization and the profound change of consumer preferences and customer demands as a factor of business successes, and a way of entering the global markets. Also commercialization and transmission of research findings to the industry and marketing are undoubtedly one of the most complex stages of innovation process. Experiences of different countries show that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a key role in technology development, economic prosperity and employment. According to the most of the scholars, they are the foundation of knowledge-based economy. As a result, the present study intends to shed some light on innovation and commercialization in knowledge-based companies which is an essential issue. The aim of this study is to develop an integrated model for developing the innovation and commercialization level of knowledge-based companies in Iran. This research is a kind of qualitative research that is conducted using grounded theory approach. The statistical population consisted of experts in the field of knowledge-based companies which were selected through theoritical sampling.Finally 13 managers of knowledge-based companies in Tehran province were selected as participants in the research. A semi-structured interview was used for data gathering with general guidance. to obtain reliability and validity of the data, two methods of reviewing participants and non-participants’ experts in the research were used. Based on data analysis, "Entering the market" is an axial phenomenon in developing the innovation and commercialization level of knowledge-based companies, and based on causal conditions, intervening conditions and context conditions, strategies are developed and the final model is presented.

This paper clarifies that: on the one hand ,the holg book Quran confirms Gospel and it also ratifies the Jesus Christ,s phrophesy , his divine invitation and his being created.The divine teachings of the Christ in the Gospel carrespond with Qoran.
On the other hand,it negates the matter of Trinity and the distortion of monotheism (believing in One God) done by Christians during the process of time .
From the discourse point of riew ,in some verses as they deal with mono theism and christranity ( Knowing of Hi jesus Christ) ,it explicitly and critically falsifies believing in Trinity and God,s bringing children and that the jesus Christ is the son of God with presenting ten rational and traditional reasons . Quran also proves that this belicf is nothing but blasphemy and various Gods.

Soil salinity and salinization of lands, as one of the main problems of agriculture, has paramount importance and can be avoided with proper understanding of its progress. This is the first step in identifying areas of salt and salt mapping in these soils. With the development of remote sensing technology and efficient use of satellite imaging, this study compared the salinity maps produced by a variety of classification image algorithms (Maximum likelihood, Minimum distance and Parallelepiped) by Landsat5 TM satellite data in the East of Khoy. In this study, 269 soil samples were analyzed and the results obtained were implemented on TM image. For initial identification, topography maps, ENVI 4.8 software and satellite image processing were used and geometric correction was performed with specific locations using GPS. Selected train samples with good distribution in the image and salinity classes were prepared from 1 to 9 determined. Examples of each class of salinity were placed carefully with single pixel size in each image on the corresponding pixel and stored with ROI format, because they had the coordinates. The results indicate the existence of a correlation between bands 1, 4 and 5 TMimage with salinity data and classification algorithms using the Pixel-based method, the highest accuracy of the map is the maximum lkelihood. For this purpose, indicators such as error matrix, Producer’s Accuracy, User’s Accuracy, overall accuracy and kappa Coefficient were extracted. This map is also consistent with field observations of different classes of soil salinity measurement and shows high accuracy of the algorithm among soil salinity maps. The aim of this study was to compare salinity maps prepared by these methods in the area with results of other researchers.

Regarding the current threats against the interests of I.R. of Iran, passive action and lack of planning for future and future studies in this area is very dangerous and illogical; thus, this kind of thought causes problems such as creating serious obstacles in the course of building organizational culture consistent with future, focusing merely on desirables, not identifying the needs of future and finally lagging behind from the enemies and rivals. Therefore, there is need for a pattern of threats in future battlefields. This study has qualitative and quantitative approach. In qualitative approach, according to data-based theory, data collection has been conducted through interviews, relevant document examination and theorizing on systematic approach in three main steps of open coding, axis coding and selective coding. the interview was done with 12 experts; and the results and the collected data were used in document content analysis. The obtained results were organized in form of dimension (category) and six themes (propositions) and position and relation of each of the themes were determined in the form of paradigm models and six relevant propositions were derived. Then, to assess the validity of the model and to approve it, the survey was conducted using 84 questionnaires which were sent to the experts and specialists; however, only 43 of the questionnaires were completed and received from which 37 were finally used. Six categories consist of psychological factors to threats, social and cultural factors to threats, economic factors to threats, military factors to threats- causative conditions: the US government as the biggest regional threat, arrogant regimes as the biggest world threats, state terrorism with centrality of Zionist and Saudi Arabia’s governments-background and context; which were considered as transaction and action strategies in this study and finally resulted in consequence. Therefore, the pattern of threats of qualitative research has been presented on data-based technique and paradigm model.

Extending the export of high technology-based products is one of the most important goals of long term strategy of the country’s export development. In the present study, the main structures influencing the success of exportation through intangible resources (market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation) and the role of dynamism of export target market are investigated by considering the resource-based approach. The research objective was applicable and the research type was analytical survey. The research population included all 15 technology-based firms exporting goods in Pardis Technology Park. In this study, dimensions of the factors contributing to the entrepreneurship orientation and market orientation structures of exportation were identified based on literature, then the role of these factors in the success of technology-based products exportation were validated through interviews with managers. In order to identify relationships and model making, interpretive structural modeling method and Dematel techniques were used and relations between the factors and their interpretive structural modelling was extracted. Finally the efficient role of intelligent market orientation approach and the efficient role of innovation from the entrepreneurship orientation structure on improving the export performance of technology-based companies were elicited

In this study we examine the relation between modes of innovation and human resource characteristics in knowledge- based firms that are located at Tehran University and Pardis Parks of Technology. We first surveyed the characteristics of human capital in the knowledge-based firms and found that there are four modes of innovation; Science-based, IT-oriented, Market- oriented, and Cost-oriented process innovations. The purpose of this study was to answer the question: Given that different modes of innovation in these firms require different human capital characteristics, do these firms employ human capital that correspond to their modes of innovations? The results of study show that human capital characteristic of the firms do not match significantly to their modes of innovation. We compared our results with studies conducted in European countries and found out there are consistency between human resource characteristics and modes of innovation in some of these countries. In addition, our results show that firms with market-based mode of innovation, have the highest rate of consistency in their human resource and mode of innovation strategies.

Writing on vices is a kind of historical- polemic writing which puts emphasis on disadvantages, faults and defects, and discusses the invectives of rival and opposing individuals and groups profoundly and wholly. The literature of writing on vices, which started from the 2nd century due to the escalation of national and religious conflicts, increasingly developed and more than forty books entitled "MathÁlib (vices)" were written until the 6th century. The two books on vices written in the 6th century are "Baz MathÁlib Al- NavÁÒib (Some vices of Anti-Shi‘as" by Abd al-Jalil RÁzi (d. circa 585 'AH'), and "MathÁlib al- NavÁÒib" (Vices of Anti-Shi‘as) By Ibn Shahr Ashoob (d. 588 'AH'). The present paper compares these two books to find their poins of similarities and differences. ‘Abd al-Jalil has adopted an approach based on the proximity among denominations, the Principles and theology and tried to create a kind of entente between Shi‘as and Sunnis through his proximity policy. By contrast, Ibn Shahr Ashoob has adopted a traditionalist and narrative approach, far from proximity policy. Given these views, each of these authors has chosen his own particular method to write his book. Abd al-Jalil's method is based on persuasion, apology, and analysis, with a respectful literature. Ibn Shahr Ashoob's method, however, is based on silencing, offence, and citation, with a provocative literature.

uman life is highly dependent on the environment and the services that are provided by the environment. Environmental quality is a set of properties and characteristics of the environment, either generalized or local, as they may also impinge on human beings and other organisms. It is a measure of the condition of an environment relative to the requirements of one or more species and or to any human need or purpose. Environmental quality is a general term which can refer to varied characteristics that relate to the natural environment as well as the built environment, such as air and water purity or pollution, noise and the potential effects which such characteristics may have on physical and mental health caused by human activities.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: Areas with better environmental conditions are more suitable contexts for life and human activities. Environmental quality is dependent on understanding the interaction between man and nature as well as the concept that forms the cornerstone of sustainable development. In general, environmental quality depends on the relationship between humans and the environment as well as the dominance of man over nature. The divergence of the human and environment results in the worsening of environmental conditions, resource depletion, and pollution of all kinds as well as social and spiritual problems.
2.1. Eco centrism vs. Anthropocentrism
The relationship between two motives underlying environmental attitudes was examined. These two environmental attitudes are eco centrism, which means valuing nature for its own sake, and anthropocentrism, which refers to valuing nature because of material or physical benefits it can provide for humans. From a philosophical viewpoint, anthropocentrism is based on this fact that human beings are the central or most significant entities in the world. Anthropocentrism regards humans as separate from and superior to nature and holds that human life has intrinsic value while other entities including animals, plants, mineral resources, and so on are resources that may justifiably be exploited for the benefit of humankind.
2.2. Economic Growth and Environmental Quality
The environmental Kuznets curve is a hypothesized relationship between various indicators of environmental degradation and income per capita. In the early stages of economic growth, degradation and pollution increase, but beyond some level of income per capita, which will vary for different indicators, the trend reverses meaning that at high-income levels economic growth leads to environmental improvement. This implies that the environmental impact indicator is an inverted U-shaped function of income per capita.
2.3. Ecosystem Services and Environmental Quality
Humankind benefits in a multitude of ways from ecosystems. Collectively, these benefits are known as ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are regularly involved in the provisioning of clean drinking water and the decomposition of wastes. Ecosystem services can be grouped into four broad categories including provisioning services (e.g., the production of food and water), regulating services (e.g., the control of climate and disease), supporting services (e.g., nutrient cycles and crop pollination), and cultural services (e.g., spiritual and recreational benefits).
The data for the present study were collected from rural areas of Ghochan in Khorasan Razavi and Faruj in North Khorasan province, Iran.
In order to address environmental quality in the study area, the evaluation criteria considered are as follows: 5 main components (soil and water resources, climate, physiography, environmental risk) and 15 criteria (climate, temperature, comfort, elevation, slop, landform, earthquake, flood, erosion, fault, soil, protected zones, water, vegetation cover). To assess the environmental quality, knowledge based systems, which are based on fuzzy inference system, were used. Fuzzy inference is the process of formulating the mapping from a given input to an output using fuzzy logic. The mapping then provides a basis from which decisions can be made, or patterns be discerned. The process of fuzzy inference involves all of the pieces that were described in the previous sections including membership functions, fuzzy logic operators, and if-then rules. There are two types of fuzzy inference systems that can be used, namely, Mamdani-type and Sugeno-type. These two types of inference systems vary somewhat in the way outputs are determined. In the present study, the Mamdani type was used.
3.1. Procedure
The data base was created for geographic information. Having used ArcGIS10.2, base maps were produced, modeled, and then, the data were analysis. The basic unit of study is based on square regular network which is same as raster data, but it is vector. A unique code was assigned to each spatial unit. Afterwards, the data were transferred to the base unit. The table of shape files were changed to text format, and then imported into excel and prepared for linking to Matlab. With function 'xlsread' in Matlab, were imported data into Matlab. The functional operations in fuzzy expert system pass through the following steps: fuzzification, fuzzy Inference (apply knowledge base), aggregation of all outputs, and defuzzification.
The data for the study were collected from the counties Ghochan and Faruj in Razavi and Northern Khorasan. This area is suitable for agriculture. Good rainfall and fertile plains provide a good environmental quality for living.
The results of survey have two output: 1) The knowledge base which to help the assessment of environmental quality. 2) Environmental quality map of Ghochan-Faruj. Components that are made of four input criteria such as water and soil resources, climate, and environmental risk create 81 rules ( ), and components that are made of three input criteria create 27 rules ( ). The advantage of decomposing of model is reduction of complexity of model. Before decomposing, with 15 criteria have to create 1438907 rule. The rule base help to predict status of environmental quality. Based on the knowledge base to assess the environmental quality in the study area have dealt. As a result of the evaluation, determined the suitability of location quality based on each of the components that encoded in the range of 0 to 1. Finally, with the help of gamma phase 4 layer overlayed with Γ = 0.6. Given the alpha cut equal to 0.7, about 65.53 % area, characterized of very good quality and less than 9% in terms of environmental quality are poor.

Based on the national document, the development of non-oil exports, which have been developed in line with the visions twenty years, the share of total exports of goods and advanced technology services at the end of the seventh development plan and the prospect of 1404, should reach 50 percent of total exports of the country. These products may be created higher added value compared to other products and with respect to share knowledge in the production, duplication and create competition in the market has been more difficult for them and thus can be more confident about the long-term presence in a market they spoke or continuous. Therefore, in this study, technology-oriented companies which are the exporter of Pardis Technology Park that is a subsidiary of Vice President for Science and Technology has been studied. In this research, using exploratory mixed, limiting factors affecting exports of technology-based goods using qualitative research through qualitative content analysis arrow in four categories (political, financial, corporate and government) consists of 21 elements have been identified, and then to determine the relationships between factors in two interpretive structural modeling and Dymtel way that is from software modeling approaches is implemented ,so the causal relationship and model their graded interpretation structural factors extracted,too, and finally by matching obtained results from both methods, financial and political factors cluster known as the most important obstacles to the development of the export of technology-based goods.

To clarify the rather general and indefinite concept of research-based schools as the criterion variable, an attempt was made based on structural and functional definitions of research-based schools to provide a framework of a conceptual map, so that a multi-dimensional concept could be selected. It considered personal, interpersonal, and structural dimensions for measuring the variable. The research method was descriptive utilizing a survey. The sampling population covered all teachers in Mazandaran province. A convenience sampling was employed to collect data from 360 testee using a researcher-made questionnaire, which was based on qualitative studies and literature reviews. To determine the validity of the technique, its content and face validities were measured. Accordingly, the content validity was 0.73 based on the Lash content validity index (1999). The Cronbach's alpha test was used to measure the reliability of the test. The reliability levels calculated for the internal and external structure of the school were 0.92 and 0.90 respectively. Reducing variables was applied utilizing the exploratory factor analysis and statistical method for modeling structural equations by partial least squares. Based on the relationships among observed variables and unobserved variables, the influence of each variable on research-based schools, and the factor loadings and T-Value between the variables, the results indicated that problem-solving, curiosity, critical thinking, collaboration, information literacy, cognitive skills and self-esteem were prioritized respectively. The results for the goodness of fit estimation regarding the scale of research-based school represented that the study enjoyed a construct validity.

This research looks for U.S strategic behavior model against the Islamic Republic of Iran based on effects-based approach through America defense and national security strategy documents reviews and analysis their contents. Study of the documents show that “environment shaping” is main concept in U.S strategic behavior model and its goal is to isolate Iran. Enforcing the other countries and organizations, influencing the third groups whether Iran’s adherents or opponents, using regional partners against Iran are among the means of shaping. It seems Iran interior collapsing under the internal and external pressures, is U.S scenario in its strategic behavior model. According of effects-based approach, “the leadership” and “the common people” are the most critical pillars of Iran. The close relationship between “the Revolutionary Guard (R.G)” and “the leadership” has caused the R.G is always the center of attention of America. It is, therefore, other critical pillar of Iran. In U.S scenario, the leadership & the R.G – the common people relations must be broken off. Doing this, the interior network of Iran becomes unstable and will change its behavior against U.S; the people must feel there is no way unless Iran comes to terms with U.S. It seems Iran must adopting “the comprehensive defense strategy” as only solution to this behavior model.

Statistical population of this study is according to estimate of 230 people of experts that determined with using Cochran formula for a sample size of 69 people, The results show that the model of holly defence executed based on a combination of traditional and conventional war by I.R.Iran and based on traditional and unconventional warfare by the Iraqi Baathist regime. This war was an unjust war in Iraqi profit. Due to differences in technology entered the pattern of asymmetric warfare, in world military literature. Therefore, recent wars in past 25 years, was based on the characteristics and patterns on the third and fourth generation (combined). Overall finding of this research shows that, future war will be a pattern of effects-based warfare that it done as the base fluid in geographically based groups, national, super national and sub-national studies.

Hermeneutics–and related concepts of textual significance– in the writings of Shams-e Tabrizi remains a topic largely unexamined by scholars despite its importance and promise for scholarship on mysticism and on Rumi especially، and even more so for understanding the inner life and deeds of Shams-e Tabrizi himself. As a thinker and as an individual، Shams had an essentially intuitive nature fond of coded meanings and devoted much attention to problems of interpretation throughout almost all his writings، where hermeneutics is encountered in a wide range of forms and serves to widen and deepen the author’s philosophy. Shams-e Tabrizi’s conception of interpretation ranges from fine lexical nuances to tangible material objects to intellectual discussions of important theological and social issues. The focus of this article، however، is to employ modern hermeneutical methodology for classifying and analyzing the ways in which Shams-e Tabrizi interpreted Koranic passages (ayat) and retellings of the hadiths (rewayat) and to explore the uniqueness of his understanding of these two categories of religious texts– an understanding not only contradictory to that of the majority of mystics and commentators، but innovative، diverse and overwhelmingly humanistic. This is a task requiring fresh، dedicated and objective scholarly investigation.

This research is intended to identify the effect of six aspects of human resource management model on mental، skill-based and behavioral characteristics of the managers at Shahsavand Company in Isfahan and Mashhad. The theoretical framework of this research is derived from local model. A sample group of 73 subjects is selected to study 270 employees and managers. The main question of the research is whether six aspects of human resource architecture model affect mental، skill-based، and behavioral characteristics of employees and managers. This applied research follows a descriptive-survey (field study) method. The model is tested by LISREL and SPSS software. The results indicate that there are direct positive relationship between six aspects of the model and the mental، skill-based، and behavioral characteristics of the employees and managers of the company.