جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « chaos theory » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Introduction and goal:

Chaos theory is one of the new scientific theories born of the developments of the modern era, which examines complex systems and has a direct relationship with mathematical studies and believes in the existence of order in chaos. After the development of studies on the theory of chaos, the field of application of this theory expanded and entered the human sciences as well. Literature was one of the fields that was influenced by this theory, and literary and critical studies influenced by this theory came to the conclusion that literary works are not free of chaos and disorder. Novel is one of the literary genres that is the best example for the application of chaos theory due to its dynamic and unstable system. Due to their different, innovative and complex narrative structure compared to classic and modern novels, postmodern novels are considered the most obvious literary texts that reflect a kind of order in chaos in their inner world. Some features of postmodern novels such as "accident, chaos, uncertainty, stereotyping, ambiguity and complexity" (Hasan, 2018: 106; Nowzari, 2011: 110) distinguish them from other novels. In these novels, the method of narration is non-linear and probability prevails over certainty.Arab storytellers also turned to the postmodern narrative style and wrote countless works according to postmodern principles. Ibrahim Nasrallah is one of the most prominent postmodern story writers of Arabic literature who has used the postmodern narrative style in many of his works, and his novel “Harb al-Kalb al-Thanya” also has the most important postmodern components. With the non-linear narration of the events of this story and the multiple use of time failures, Nasrallah transforms the world inside his story into a world of a thousand of pieces, which, despite being multiplicity, chaos and disorder, has a certain order and coherence. The characters of this story are different parts of a whole unit whose actions affect each other's lifestyle and destiny. With the help of a special narrative method, Nasrallah wants to create a post-modern atmosphere in his story, to depict the wide-ranging developments of the new age in a metaphorical form and with the language of a novel, and to express the impact of human actions on the environment and the environment on humans, and also the perspective of the modern world. Based on the theory of chaos and its four characteristics, this article tries to analyze the formation of the world in the story of “Harb al-Kalb al-Thanya” and its relationship with the external and real world and the political, social, economic, cultural and environmental transformations in the new and ultra-developed world, and also the goals of the author to analyze the creation of such a postmodern story. This research tries to provide proper answers to these questions:1- How does the application of chaos theory in the novel “Harb al-Kalb al-Thanya” highlight the postmodern components of this novel?
2- How does Nasrallah explain the rule of order in disorder in the novel “Harb al-Kalb al-Thanya”?

The present study tries to analyze the narrative style of the novel “Harb al-Kalb al-Thanya” with a descriptive and analytical method, relying on the foundations of the scientific theory of chaos. It analyzes the reflection of the four characteristics of the chaos theory, i.e. the butterfly wing effect, strange attractions, self-immortal and dynamic adaptation in this novel and expresses their role in strengthening post-modern dimension.

Nasrallah creates a fragmented and postmodern world in the story of “Harb al-Kalb al-Thanya” and metaphorically refers to the extensive changes in the real world of the new age. The events of this chaotic world move in different and multidirectional channels, and countless and uncertain environmental, human and non-human causes, political issues and long-term social and economic plans of countries are repeated in a coherent framework and in the form of strange attractions in different forms and in time and space. They take on the effect of butterfly wing under the influence of sensitivity to their initial conditions, and lead to a big event called the second dog war.

With the help of various time jumps, Nasrallah causes the death of time in the structure of this novel, and the characters and events of this novel show irregular and unexpected behaviors in a non-linear and unpredictable manner, for which no causal relationship and no outcome can be imagined, and this leads to the ambiguity and complexity of the novel and causes the audience to construct the world of this story and consider it as a symbol of the outside world and its characters and events as a creation of the author's mind and find it full of possibilities and without any certainty. By arranging disparate elements side by side extensively, Nasrallah draws a chaotic world whose actors and characters, despite their different nature and independent identity, have a desire to converge and identify with the whole and move in the direction of its goals. This convergence makes the components of this system adapt themselves to any climatic, social and political changes and the laws issued by the Castle System and achieve dynamic and recurring adaptation. From these irregularities, an ultimate and hidden order will emerge and the chaotic world of the story will continue to exist.

The foundation of accounting knowledge has always been to provide essential information for users to make informed economic decisions. However, evidence suggests that the standards derived from the current policy-making process prevalent in accounting fail to be notably effective in providing valuable information for decision-making, especially for investors. The primary cause of this inefficiency and ineffectiveness in accounting policy-making stems from the dependence on linear reasoning. The policy-making process in accounting is plagued by an array of contradictions, disorders, repetitions, challenges, and provisional agreements among groups without a logical and unified framework. This research aims to analyze the content of the policy-making process in accounting and present a novel approach to rectify this process and strategically guide it towards fulfilling its objectives in light of the chaos theory.

This study adopts a mixed-methods research approach. Initially, content analysis was employed to extract components affecting patterns in the policy-making process. Specialized questionnaires tailored to these identified components were subsequently distributed to gather the opinions of experts. These questionnaires were crafted to evaluate both the prevailing policy-making process in accounting and the decision-making behaviors of accounting information users, especially those of investors. The statistical population consists of certified accounting experts, i.e., practicing auditors affiliated with the Iranian Association of Certified Public Accountants, Accounting Faculty members, accountants affiliated with the Iranian Institute of Certified Accountants, and other experts in the accounting policy-making process, its standards, and the economic decision-making process. Purposive sampling was then employed to select the participants. Out of 60 distributed questionnaires, 42 were completed and returned. Single-sample t-tests and regression analysis were then conducted to analyze data.

The research findings indicate that the investors’ decision-making process inherently follows a nonlinear pattern, whereas the accounting policymaking process has traditionally followed a linear approach. Therefore, as long as this inconsistency exists, there can be no improvements or changes in recognizing the informational needs of various user groups, establishing clear standard-setting directions, aligning standards with user needs, and avoiding crafting contradictory accounting standards, leading to a regressive and ineffective cycle. Furthermore, the use of the chaos theory principles can guide the accounting policymaking process toward a both realistic and efficacious trajectory.

The financial events and informational demands of accounting information users follow complex, ever-evolving nonlinear dynamics. Therefore, integrating the chaos theory methodologies into the accounting policymaking process can facilitate the development of effective standards that cater to the decision-making needs of accounting information users and fulfill the ultimate objectives of accounting knowledge.

After Russia's military invasion of Ukraine and the deepening of the gap between Russia and the Western world, many concerns arose about the consequences and impact of these developments on the process of Iran's nuclear negotiations. And the tension that has arisen among the countries involved in Iran's nuclear case, what path will Iran's nuclear negotiations take? In this regard, 5 views have been formed among analysts, which show a spectrum from the ineffectiveness of the Ukraine crisis on Iran's nuclear negotiations to its maximum effectiveness. Based on this, the main question here is what effect does the Ukraine crisis have on the nuclear negotiations of the Islamic Republic of Iran? This article has been written with a descriptive and analytical approach and tries to investigate this issue and by considering the available evidence and by adhering to the theory of chaos and the butterfly effect, the result obtained is that despite the existence of different views and perspectives. and sometimes contradictory; The crisis in Ukraine has affected Iran's nuclear negotiations, and this effect has led to the pursuit of de-escalation policies by the majority of countries involved in this issue. Therefore, the Islamic Republic of Iran can continue its strengthening process in the region by taking advantage of this policy and complete the nuclear negotiations.

Game of Thrones is the first book of Song of Ice and Fire series by American author George Raymond Richard Martin; a fictional-epic story set in the realm of Westeros. The main line of story is the struggle and war to reach the Iron Throne, during which several other stories are born. What distinguishes its plot is the existence of chaos in the system of government that seeks a unified leadership over this chaotic world. This research traces Nancy Katherine Hayles and Edward Lorenz’s chaos theories in the novel–as a complex and chaotic system—, shows various forces that dominate time, place, and characters who make the end of the story unpredictable. It shows the "Butterfly Effect" in the story, and since events in the history of this complex system are repeated, the role of “Fractals” is identified. The researchers show the structure of this novel is full of chaos and disorder and the author tries to create order from these irregularities.Background of the Study: A collection of analytical readings edited by James Lowder on Song of Ice and Fire entitled Beyond the Wall (2012) examines Martin’s fantasy collection. This anthology provides a way to explore Martin’s multifaceted world. Moreover, different works have been conducted on the series from romanticism to psychological reading. However, there is not a single work from chaos perspectives. Therefore, the present research can fill the existing gap in these fields. This research reads Martin’s Game of Thrones through an interdisciplinary method based on Catherine Hayles and Edvard Lorenz’s theories of chaos. Martin’s works are implicitly chaotic in nature; the narrative forms problematize the linear structure and coherence presenting multiplicities of point of views that serve to augment individual insights, a carefully crafted and cohesive drama about the prevalence of disorder in life. The other major concepts of chaos like “Butterfly Effect” and “Fractals” which are overarching patterns, probable and possibly deterministic but not predictable, lied underneath the texts. The researchers aim to apply the principles of the chaos theory to the novel and explore the changing nature of this system in which truth, precision, and predictability cannot be obtained. Reading Game of Thrones—having a non-linear history, full of complexity, entanglement of stories and variety of characters—based on chaos theory facilitates a more complex understanding of the oeuvre. Westeros’ chaotic world with its protective Wall functions as a closed system. However, chaos is an inevitable phenomenon that takes place due to reliance on the initial condition. Based on the “Butterfly Effect”, the smallest change in the system can cause the greatest events. Westeros is full of unpredictabilities in which consequences surprise the characters and the existence of “Fractal” adds to the complexity of chaos. History repeats itself with the same pattern for the characters; they are living in a deterministic system in which their destinies have already been decided through complex relationship.

Despite the relatively balanced relationship between Turkey and Israel in the past, but with the dominance of ideologically oriented parties with opposing beliefs, such as the Justice and Development Party in Turkey and parties such as Likud in Israel, this relationship has been maintained and even strengthened at times, contrary to expectations. ; This research has been carried out with the aim of investigating the mentioned contradiction and revealing the hidden points of this relationship. This article, using the descriptive-analytical method and applying the theory of chaos, which proposes a specific and predictable order beyond the apparent differences between the governments, aims to answer the question why, despite the superiority of tension-causing factors, the main structure of Turkish relations and Israel, contrary to the announced policies, has been stable and strategic in practice? The findings of the research show that despite tension-causing rhetoric and disputes such as the issue of Palestine, Kurds, human rights, etc., in practice, relations between Turkey and Israel have maintained their relative stability, and the aforementioned disputes and rhetoric are merely a camouflage for the practical policies of the parties such issues as economic, security, etc. The central ideology, being a supporter of human rights, etc., is only a cover from Turkey and Israel to achieve bilateral goals and bigger goals such as the Ottomanization of Turkey and becoming one of the regional powers on the part of Israel, and contrary to the declared policies, it is a fixed order. And it has been stable in their practical relations.

The main purpose of this paper is the examination of the Two opposing fronts:Assumptions of Chaos Theory in Confrontation with the Foundations of Tyler's Logic, descriptive-analytic method was used. n this study, the basics of Tyler's logic are critiqued based on Tyler's classical work in the field of curriculum. This book is a crystallization of the author's ideas and opinions about principles of curriculum. And so far it has been exposed to criticism of various dimensions and so it has been the source of the creation of many pros and cons. This book was read and reviewed with the theoretical lens of the assumptions of chaos theory. The results of this study indicate the basics of Tyler's logic, which is based on Newtonian clock metaphors, determinability and predictability, linear approach to planning, based on closed systems, prescribing general mental models for all learning situations, setting objectives and learning outcomes in comparison with the assumptions of chaos theory that based on the metaphor of turbulent rivers and weather, indeterminability and unpredictability, nonlinear approach in planning, based on open systems, the need to design mental patterns appropriate to the situation, the need to pay attention to differences

The Covid-19 pandemic affected and stagnated all industries. How to deal with this period and its medium and long-term effects has greatly challenged all industries, including sports. The present study aims to provide a dynamic model of the post-corona era in terms of the chaos theory in the sports industry system. The method of study is Delphi, which was performed qualitatively in four rounds. Sampling of the study was Purposive sampling. In this study, sports management experts and psychometric experts were used as the target sample. To evaluate the adequacy of the research method, four experts were used as parallel samples to ensure the quality of the research. Vensim.PLE and Checkmate software were used for data analysis. The results of the research in the first round showed the degree of agreement of experts on the chaotic situation in the seven main statements as points of chaos and disorder. In the second round, points of familiarity and interactions between propositions were reported. In the third round, the future state of the sports industry was determined according to the main and sub-propositions obtained in the post-crown period, according to the main strategy matrix. The strategies required was determined by Grand matrix. Finally, the model of the dynamic system of the country's sports industry for the post-Corona era was drawn. In general, the implementation of such a system is a basic need of the post-corona era, and through it, the feedback cycle of the system can be identified in order to achieve order in the chaos and turmoil in the country's sports industry.

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the cost behavior of the companies accepted based on chaos theory. The purpose of the study is of an applied type. . In this study, 69 companies with 416 observations . Corporate financial data was generated by innovative management software and leadership software. Various tests were used for data analysis such as BDS correlation tests for nonlinearity of time series, Dickey Fuller for correlation, Lyapunov power for turbulent cost behavior. Dickey Fuller test results showed that all of Mana's costs behaviors were the same. The results of BDS test showed that the studied cost behavior is nonlinear and chaotic non-random. As a result, the time series studied are generally chaotic. The results of the Lyapunov test view showed that all the Lyapunov coefficients were calculated for positive cost variables. Therefore, it can be said that the research variables have a butterfly effect. That is, the company's cost behavior is unstable (divergence). According to the Lyapunov power test, non-operational costs are less sensitive and more stable and have high predictability; and investment costs are more sensitive and less stable and less predictable.

In this study, while examining several common axes between Game theory and Investment theory, we have shown that these two theories can be mathematically equivalent. In other words, parts of these two theories show signs of equivalency. However, the mathematical proof of this equivalency must be done through separate studies. In addition, there is speculation that parts of Investment theory could be reduced to Game theory. The use of Chaos theory as a link between the various sciences involved in investment (i.e., economics, game theory, mathematics, social psychology, and behavioral economics) can make investing science an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary science and introduce a cross-discipline and use the capabilities of different sciences to explain the complexities of investment science and through the analysis of chaos theory. These cases have been studied and analyzed in different sections of this article.

The Nocturnal Harmony of the Wood Orchestra” by Reza Ghasemi is one of the most significant postmodern stories in Persian literature. It tells the life of a group of Iranian immigrants and exiles living in France who are still struggling with their original culture and beliefs. Chaos theory, which is one of the well-known and widely used theories in physics and meteorology, is reflected in this story. Since this story is a piece of metafiction, the author/narrator consciously refers to the chaos theory and in particular to the butterfly effect. This study, after introducing the most characteristic features of chaos theory, reads “The Nocturnal Harmony of Wood Orchestra” in light of this theory. It uses a descriptive-analytical method to investigate the effect of chaos theory on the postmodern aspects of this fiction and on the lives and destinies of the characters. We seek to show how the manifestation of a scientific theory in the story reinforces its postmodern aspects. Chaos theory is used in various sciences. It talks about nonlinear events and processes based on uncertainty. The manifestation of chaos theory in this story distinguishes it from others. According to this theory, complex and turbulent phenomena and events are the result of multiple causes and constantly affect each other. These kinds of phenomena are sensitive to their initial conditions and their various components, based on the butterfly effect, self-similarity, dynamic adaptation, and strange attractors, show a kind of order in disorder or a quasi-chaotic situation. The results of this study show that the chaos theory, through disturbing and unfamiliar propositions, highlights the postmodern aspects of the story and at the same time justifies the confusion of the characters while coordinating the form and content. This theory describes the intertwined and complex lives and fates of the characters in a postmodern way and shows the effects of small variables on large events and the fates of the characters.

The Nocturnal Harmony of the Wood Orchestra” by Reza Ghasemi is one of the most significant postmodern stories in Persian literature. It tells the life of a group of Iranian immigrants and exiles living in France who are still struggling with their original culture and beliefs. Chaos theory, which is one of the well-known and widely used theories in physics and meteorology, is reflected in this story. Since this story is a piece of metafiction, the author/narrator consciously refers to the chaos theory and in particular to the butterfly effect. This study, after introducing the most characteristic features of chaos theory, reads “The Nocturnal Harmony of Wood Orchestra” in light of this theory. It uses a descriptive-analytical method to investigate the effect of chaos theory on the postmodern aspects of this fiction and on the lives and destinies of the characters. We seek to show how the manifestation of a scientific theory in the story reinforces its postmodern aspects. Chaos theory is used in various sciences. It talks about nonlinear events and processes based on uncertainty. The manifestation of chaos theory in this story distinguishes it from others. According to this theory, complex and turbulent phenomena and events are the result of multiple causes and constantly affect each other. These kinds of phenomena are sensitive to their initial conditions and their various components, based on the butterfly effect, self-similarity, dynamic adaptation, and strange attractors, show a kind of order in disorder or a quasi-chaotic situation. The results of this study show that the chaos theory, through disturbing and unfamiliar propositions, highlights the postmodern aspects of the story and at the same time justifies the confusion of the characters while coordinating the form and content. This theory describes the intertwined and complex lives and fates of the characters in a postmodern way and shows the effects of small variables on large events and the fates of the characters.

The main question of the present article is "How has Covid-19 affected the globalization discourse in the current crisis? And what will be the scenarios facing Corona and the globalization discourse?" The results of a future research method show that the discourse of globalization is hurting by the central sign of liberalism and by floating signs such as the free market and global trade before the Corona crisis. Corona's oversight has intensified, with states continuing to tighten their policies, such as blocking borders, controlling and restricting information and news, disregarding social justice and human rights, the spread of nationalism, authoritarianism and severe censorship. This practice gradually challenged the rest of the floating signs. Seems that there are five scenarios for the future of the globalization discourse, which are as follows: A) Favorable future: the return of globalization to the past and reunification between states. B) Probable future: 1. Reducing the speed of the globalization process and turning states to utilitarianism. 2. Reducing the speed of the globalization process, and temporarily shrink the international environment. C) Possible future: stopping the discourse of globalization, the failure of capitalist ideology and the emergence of new ideologies.

The Middle East is one of the most strategic regions in the world and has a very sensitive place in US foreign and strategic policy. The existence of oil and the security of Israel, which is a strategic ally of the United States in the region, has led the United States to intervene fundamentally in the region. During the Obama administration like all previous presidents, the United States considered itself responsible for securing Israel. Based on the theory of chaos, this article seeks to examine the role of US supportive policy in the Obama administration toward Israel. What was US supportive policy toward Israel in the Middle East during Obama's presidency?It seems that the US strategy is to maintain and strengthen the qualitative and quantitative military-economic-political superiority of Israel through securitization of the region.

Public policy studies are transitioning in to a new approach (paradigm) that has questioned assumptions of old approaches. New approach has basic assumptions, ideas and beliefs but hasn’t been developed sub theories and applied methods under its assumptions yet. Purpose of this study is to investigating historical course of public policy schools, identifying assumptions of and critics to each school, comparing basic assumptions of each school and finally Introducing new public policy school. The research is descriptive and dialectical method is used to explain historical evolution of policy-making schools. Library resources and scientific journal articles is used to gather required information. Investigating fundamental implicit or explicit assumptions of public policy schools demonstrate dialectical struggle between fundamental assumptions of three schools: comprehensive rationality, bounded rationality (incrementalism and satisficing) and chaos theory. Therefor basic assumptions and beliefs of three schools are compared. Meta-analysis of literature about change in assumptions of policy-making implies that chaos theory is the last paradigm. The most significant difference between chaos theory paradigm and others is in the way it deal with the future. Finally based on chaos theory assumptions, some suggestions are provided for improvement of public policymaking in Iran.

Covid - 19 and Chaos TheoryAbstractNowadays, Human beings are facing events that have not only seriously threatened their collective life, peace of mind and spiritual, psychological, and social security but also have sometimes had very destructive and deadly effects. Social phenomena such as floods, fires, storms, environmental pollution, and most importantly the periodic emergence of unknown epidemics such as cholera, influenza, and AIDS, have challenged human life and the natural environment with serious and surprising risks and has made and killed thousands of people and living beings every time. The emergence of Covid- 19 in 2020, as one of the most important risks to collective life, imposed such terrible conditions and effects on human society that it made thinkers and reformers need to re-read national and international policies in various cultural and political fields. , Persuasive, economic, judicial, etc. persuaded. Despite their efforts and scientific and scientific support, the findings of criminal policy as one of the most comprehensive approaches to social and criminal phenomena on the one hand and the emergence of chaos theory on the other hand failed to improve public and social policy approaches. In this paper, assuming that one of the important factors in