expert choice

Floods are among the natural disasters that, according to the United Nations Development Program's global report on the risk of natural disasters, floods along with earthquakes and droughts have the highest rank in terms of financial and human losses (Beheshti et al., 2018: 22). Inappropriate human interference in ecosystems, uncontrolled exploitation of forests and excessive livestock grazing are among the most important factors that aggravate floods, which reduce the storage capacity of watercourses, and waste fertile soils, and as a result, increase surface runoff and the occurrence of floods. (Chitti, 1382: 39). The increasing trend of floods in the last five decades shows that the number of floods in the 80s has increased almost 10 times compared to the 40s, and in other words, it has increased by 90% (Abdi, 2015: 20). Flooding in urban basins occurs at a high speed on flat and impermeable surfaces that have been created by man-made drainage systems. According to this factor, the urban state of finding natural areas causes an increase in the volume and intensity of runoff and the occurrence of floods in the downstream areas (Broumand Nesab, 2011: 2). One of the basic steps to reduce the harmful effects caused by floods is to know the flood-prone areas and classify these areas in terms of flood risk (Petial, 2008: 8) so that based on the results, it is possible to make decisions regarding the use of land and different land uses, including The future optimal development of cities and villages, service and production agriculture, made a decision. The catchment area of Izeh city due to its location on a mountainous plain is one of the areas at high risk of flooding, which causes great damage to this city and its surrounding areas every year. Flood risk potential and its zoning using multi-criteria models and geographic information system

The required data were collected in a library manner and the data analysis will be in the scale of the studied area in a comparative manner. The materials used in this research include the criteria of distance from waterway lines, slope, direction of slope, formation. , the shape of the basin, precipitation, land use, which were used to determine the vulnerable area against the risk of flood. Each of these criteria has its own characteristics and applications, which were extracted from the following data: 1- Land use map of the region 2- Topographical maps 1:50000 (Izeh, Kay Maghsoudi, Shahrak Shivand, Bagh Malik). 3- Geological maps (Mount Asmari, Taghdis, Kamestan with a scale of 1:100,000). 4- Map of digital model of elevation lines (DEM). 6- Rainfall data statistics (rain gauge stations: Izeh, Bagh Melek, Sosun, Dehdz, Barangard and Qala Tel, Water and Electricity Organization, 2014). - The map of the distance from the waterway lines. 7- Flood prone and problematic areas were controlled in the field, so that the accuracy of the action in prioritization and the conformity of the zoning results with the reality in the basin will be known more. Fuzzy standardization in Hydrasi software based on the degree of membership defined in the domain of fuzzy number and valued between (0 ≤ ud(x) ≤ 1), then weighted by the Analytical Hierarchy (AHP) method through Expert Choice software and Finally entered the model

In this research, seven effective layers in the occurrence of floods including: rainfall, slope, slope direction, land use, distance from waterways, geological formations and height were prepared and classified using the weighting method of Analytical Hierarchy Method (AHP). Expert Choice software (Table 1) in this method, after forming a pairwise comparison matrix related to each risk, in order to determine the importance of the relative weight, we transferred them to the Expert Choice environment. The most weight is assigned to the layer that plays a greater role in the occurrence of each. In this next step, a 7x7 matrix was created to compare, and different criteria were compared two by two, and the resulting values were assigned based on the hourly sieve.Based on Thomas L. Sati’s method to calculate the values and the special vector of the columns they are added together and each cell is divided by the sum of the corresponding column and normalized. Then, the average of the normalized table rows is calculated as the final weight. The resulting number for the compatibility index (CR) in the resulting matrix is equal to 0.07, which indicates an acceptable level of the weighting results, which is shown in the form of a diagram (Figure 1). Among the parameters It has been concluded that the most important factor in the flooding of this region is primarily the rainfall. Sudden torrential rains in the winter and spring seasons cause flooding in this region. The presence of steep slopes in the high mountain heights leads the runoff to the plain. On the other hand, this basin is a closed basin, and all the water flows into the basin to two lakes (Miangaran and Bandan). When heavy rains occur, the lakes overflow and the city is threatened by floods from the north and southeast.

The analysis of the Silber risk zoning map according to the WLC model shows that the main areas at risk are in the east and south areas, 79.17 kilometers of the basin are at very high risk of flooding and 58.52 kilometers are at high risk. Also, the results Of . The Vicor model map shows that 91.79 km of the studied basin is at risk of high flood, which mostly includes the eastern and southwestern areas of the basin. One of the main reasons for flooding in these areas is more rainfall in mountainous areas, high slope, impermeable formations; The presence of valleys and the high density of waterways in these areas have caused a large amount of runoff to be directed to the west and central areas of the plain

Given the abundance of desert and desert areas in Iran, it is necessary to recognize the basic capabilities of these areas to eliminate restrictions, prevent migration of people and achieve their sustainable development. KhoroBiyabank region is the tourism hub of the central desert of Iran. The aim of this study was to identify the most suitable place for ecotourism in Khorobiabank city and to identify the potential of the region in the field of various ecotourism activities. 30 questionnaires were completed by experts in this field and its results were used using hierarchical analysis in Expert Choice software to achieve the set goals. The results showed that the six criteria studied in order of importance are: 1- biological environment, 2- special values, 3- physical environment (geology and geomorphology), 4- socio-economic and political environment, 5- physical environment ( Climate and climate) and 6- Cultural environment criteria, the options of each criterion are Iraj village for the first criterion, Egypt village for the second and third criteria, Khor city for the fourth criterion, Iraj village for the fifth criterion and again Khor city for the sixth criterion.

AbstractRelate temperature change Problems, soil salinity and the sharp drop I groundwater levels on the one hand and the recent drought combined with the problems have let to the reduction of consumption in the agricultural sector due to the reduction of the crop production and the adaptation to alternative climates get current products. Recent study conducted for determining suitable zone for saffron in North Khorasan with GIS and model AHP. Parameters like climate data, soil and water for 30 years collected from synoptic and climatologic station around province and from four neighbor provinces. Then parameters weighted upon AHP in parameter importance each region. Data transferred to Expert choice and clustered, rated, integrated for producing the last layer. Results showed that 47.1 % of province land was suitable and moderate suitable for culturing saffron. But 35.99% showed critical suitability and the remined was not suitable for Saffron culture. Jajarm, Garmeh, Safia Bada, Esfarayen, Shirvan and Faroj plains are suitable places and Mane, Samalghan, Raz, Jargalan and Bojnourd plains are in critical suitability for Saffron culture.Keywords: drought, suitability, expert choice, land characteristics.

Developing urbanization and changing hydrological conditions of natural streams increases the flooding risk. This study tries to do flood hazard zoning in the Ilam city and determine the critical area of the urban regions against flooding by using AHP method and GIS environment. For this purpose, the parameters of the curve number, height, distance from the river, geology, land use, population, slope, soil, building density, worn texture buildings and accumulated flow as effective parameters in flooding hazard in Ilam city selected and of these parameters weighted by using Expert Choice software. The result of the Expert Choice software is transferred to the environment of GIS software and flood hazard map of study area prepared. Results of the study and flood hazard map show that areas with very low-risk, low risk, intermediate-risk, high-risk and very high-risk form the 0.8%, 8.5%, 49.6%, 32.54% and 8.56% of the of Ilam city area, respectively. Also, the central area of the city has the highest risk and the probability of occurrence of the flood due to the high density of population and residential areas in this area and its proximity to the seasonal rivers and old part of the city. Therefore, by examining the results of Expert Choice software, it is possible to identify the most effective factors in the occurrence of flood risk and prioritize them to address management solutions to eliminate or mitigate the effects of these factors.

Municipal waste disposal can lead to many environmental, social and economic damages requiring effective solutions to manage municipal solid waste (MSW). Moreover, biomass energy produced out MSW is considered as an important source of renewable energy. This paper is an attempt to compare and identify the priority ordering of four available technologies to convert urban waste into biofuels for the case of Iran using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and Expert Choice software. According to the results Anaerobic Digestion gets the first rank in the priority ordering of urban waste conversion into biofuels.

IntroductionA landslide is a natural phenomenon that often occurs because of falling down or seamless and quick movements of volumes of sediment along the slope. It has such speed and extent that it may influence tens or hundreds of cubic meters of rock and soil together. This phenomenon causes a lot of economic damages to forests and their growth, farmlands, gas and power transmission lines, mines, engineering structures, and buildings. One of the best ways to prevent these damages is preparing a landslide hazard map.
MethodologyThe method used for zoning the Sardool Chay Basin is the Analytical Hierarchy Process. This is one of the most comprehensive multi-criteria decision methods, which was first presented in 1980 by Thomas L. Saati. This method is based on weighing each pair of variables with each other. AHP method consists of three main steps including (1) creating an Analytical Hierarchy, (2) comparing pairs of elements in it, and (3) weighing the criteria. The main feature of this method is the use of expert opinions. In AHP,n paired factors are compared with each other and more weight is given to the layer that has the maximum impact on the target set. The paired comparison of a scale, based on1 to 9, for its two component's relative weighing is hierarchical.
DiscussionIn this study, the landslide hazard zonation was used in the Sardool Chaycatchment in order to identify areas with landslide incidence potential. The main factors contributing to the landslide occurrence in this case study consisted of geology, land use, slope, aspect, rainfall, altitude, distance from faults, and distance from stream. Their layers were prepared in ArcGIS software. An Analytical Hierarchy Process in Expert Choice software was used for paired comparisons of criteria and calculation of final weight. The results indicated that the geology criterion, which weighed 0.343, and the slope criterion, which weighed 0.215, had the most influences on landslide occurrence.
ConclusionLandslide is one of the most common environmental hazards in mountainous areas of the northwest of Iran. Factors such as slope, rainfall, lithology, and earthquakes can trigger them. One of the best ways to deal with this phenomenon, before the implementation of any project, is the zonation mapping of the area. This study was based on the Sardool Chay catchment, located in Khalkhal, the southern part of Ardabil Province.
To this end, 8 factors including geology, land use, slope, aspect, rainfall, altitude, distance from faults, and distance from stream were used. The weighting factors and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the Expert Choice software were used. The results classified the basin into five areas including very high risk of landslides (65 km²), high risk (144 km²), medium risk (202 km²), low risk (142 km²), and very low risk (120 km²). In addition, it indicated that the landslide risk of the Sardool Chay catchment is medium. Comparing the landslide zonation map and points of distribution suggests that the AHP can be a good method of weighing the criteria involved in the happening of the landslide.

According to amendment of The project dams requires many credits for watershed management. Locating studies and prioritizes critical areas are Necessary before the dams must be done accurately and comprehensively. Accurately identify erosion areas in the sub watershed is essential and appropriate measures, including structural, non-structural subject or a combination of them can reduce the severity of the damage caused by erosion and sedimentation. Accordingly the following watershed basins in the execution of construction activities, determine priorities and policy requirements are, the most importance. In this study, 11 effective measures of the performance of Dams stone - mortar in the area identify. Weight by Expert Choice software, and implement dam priority sub watershed stone - mortar by the TOPS IS. According to the results of effective criteria for locating Dams stone–mortar, the criteria erosion, including sedimentation, and discharge in particular is the most importance with the weight of 0.132, 0.103 and 0.1. Finally the watershed dams to carry stone-mortar TOPSIS methods were prioritized. The results show that the erosion of the basin S 1 with 61.14 ton/ha in the first one and sub-basin S3-n is the last one for the implementation of stone-mortar dams. The administrative priority of structures is important in allocating targeted credits for the watershed step