جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « focus group » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

With the paradigmatic changes in accounting knowledge in the last century and the acceptance of social structuralism approaches in this field, today's nature of accounting is moving from the mere quantitative reference of financial reports to the qualitative aspects of information disclosure. Narrative accounting is considered a strategic approach in the new paradigms of accounting knowledge, which aims to strengthen the functions of comprehensive financial information disclosure functions for stakeholders. Narrative accounting is considered one of the most emanating paradigm changes in accounting knowledge, which was a reaction to the vacuum caused by the positivist approach in classical accounting with the perceptual realities of external decision makers. Therefore, since the accounting philosophy based on the classical and objectivist approach was only looking for quantitative reporting, the narrative process in this field to link theory and practice emerged to provide a more attention-worthy answer to the expectations arising from social contexts. In other words, narrative accounting creates a more interactive environment for accounting with stakeholders and can greatly reduce the conflict of interest between companies and stakeholders. Narrative accounting can be considered a level of representation of interactive knowledge and accounting relations with stakeholders, which have arisen by changing the accounting paradigm from classic to modern approaches in this profession and seeking to create value for stakeholders. This research examines narrative accounting based on action research for cognitive classification in capital market companies. The noteworthy point is that although the scope of the function of the narrative process in the knowledge of humanities, especially in culture and management, is considered a tool to objectify the realities. Still, the lack of application of this concept in accounting has caused this knowledge to change even with the change in social expectations and conditions. , cannot become a structure of mutual language between the company and external stakeholders and have positive consequences for balancing the market regarding information symmetry.

This methodological process is called action research, which seeks to cognitively categorize it for implementation by connecting the qualitative aspects of identifying propositions related to the phenomenon under investigation. In this method, also called the type of analytical pragmatism, researchers conduct interviews and open coding to identify propositions so that different aspects of narrative accounting can be phenomenologically studied in this section. In the quantitative part, as a cognitive classification process, the research, by forming a focus group, contextualizes and separates the identified propositions and determines in which category each of the propositions can be placed in the category related to the phenomenon of narrative accounting. Therefore, to follow the path of analysis in this research, it is necessary to create scored questionnaires to determine in which category the experience and knowledge of the focal group place each proposition through the wiremax technique. The formation of the focus group meetings takes place during three stages of conceptualization, exchange, and content recognition so that it is possible to assign the points of each participant to the propositions for the classification of the concept of narrative accounting. Therefore, this study is considered developmental in terms of results and exploratory in terms of purpose, based on the nature of conducting interviews to identify emerging propositions of narrative accounting. In terms of the mixed nature of data collection, as mentioned, this study is considered a mixed study, so in the qualitative part, to conceptualize the phenomenon under investigation, data is collected from interviews with experts, and in the quantitative part, through Q questionnaire score data and analysis. Wiremax determines which category the propositions are classified into.

To achieve validity, similar research was matched to provide the possibility of entering the statements identified in the Q analysis model for the cognitive classification of this phenomenon in the context of capital market companies. In the following, by forming a focus group to determine the cognitive categories of the examined concept during four sessions and by creating a Q evaluation checklist from +5 to -5 in 28 houses according to the identified propositions, the necessary action was taken, and they were asked to understand the problem to place each proposition in one of the 28 houses of Q's evaluation checklist. Then, through the Wiremax matrix, cognitive classes were determined regarding the separation of narrative accounting propositions, and the results indicated the existence of 4 cognitive classes regarding the foundation of narrative accounting at the level of capital market companies.

Based on 4 levels in the foundation of narrative accounting as an action research process at the level of capital market companies, it is possible to get a more comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon. Therefore, based on these 4 categories, the categories assigned to each statement will be expanded. The first category as a research measure for the implementation of narrative accounting in the context of capital market companies is the orientation of the reporting language in the narrative of transparent information to the stakeholders to improve the level of cognitive awareness and judgment of investors and other users of external information. In this category, the accounting unit focuses on announcing a set of reports that are optional for investors, trying to use the capacities of a negative tone to advance their financial strategies in the capital market.

The results showed that narrative accounting, as an emerging part of accounting knowledge, can bring strategic capacities and competitive capabilities of companies in gaining the trust of stakeholders for companies.

Although previous studies have highlighted the challenges of implementing the cooperative learning approach, they have not addressed the implementation strategies of this approach in order to develop students' leadership skills. On the other hand, studies have shown that leadership skills can be taught to children, but they have not clearly revealed how this happens. The aim of this study is to combine the results of national and international studies in order to fill this research gap. Sandelowski and barroso method was used in this study. Data were coded through Atlas T software. In order to complete, modify and validate the data, the method of focus groups was also used. Based on the results of the present study, improving curriculum elements such as facilities, subjects, learning environment, teacher and student, and improving the attitude of stakeholders and stakeholders can provide the basis for the development of leadership skills in students. The results indicated the prominence of some skills such as creativity, problem solving, self-confidence, adaptability, empathy, criticism, and responsibility. Some skills, such as adaptability, acceptability of criticism, revealed new dimensions of leadership skills and were able to contribute to the development of knowledge in this field. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that developing leadership skills through cooperative learning approach in educational activities in the classroom environment is feasible.

The apparel industry is among the income-generating and entrepreneurial ones in the global and national arena. The purpose of this paper is to explain the challenges facing Iran in the production and distribution of clothing and to provide policy packages to solve them. In this research, data were collected through the literature review and semi-directed in-depth interviews and investigated using qualitative content analysis. 191 propositions were classified into 31 sub-categories and rendered to form 6 main categories. The main categories are "resource-based view", "government advocation", "technology and machinery", "effective supply chain", "branding" and "design and fashion". Then, to finalize and validate the challenges and policy packages, focus groups were formed. Among the important challenges are insufficient government intervention and support to play a regulatory role, inefficient supply chain and infrastructure, and weakness in fashion design and presentation. The proposed policy packages can be mentioned as fighting against smuggling, developing a platform for the integration of the apparel chain, creating a comprehensive brand in the field of designing and direct supply of clothing, developing financing tools (capital market, bonds), developing the export of knowledge-based products and services, development of the scale and market of knowledge-based products and services, the application of augmented reality technology in online sales, the creation and development of accelerators and specialized innovation centers, the first production of cost-effective and economical machines and parts, the creation of clothing production industrial centers, and elimination of tax discrimination throughout the apparel.

no society is independent of the pathology. Special conditions of Iranian society in terms of density and diversity of social problems on the one hand and the need to the political institution for problem-oriented research with the aim of increasing efficiency, on the other hand, necessitate such a thing. Identifying the focal problems and measuring their relationship with each other is the main goal of this research; for this purpose, the network analysis method was used using cross-impact analysis techniques and multi-criteria cluster technique. The tool used for data analysis is Gephi software. The sources of identification of social problems in the present study are 650 academic and organizational research documents prepared on the topic. Identification, clarification and classification of problems have been done by the focus group. The results of the research show that disorders related to governance, injustices, poverty, various types of extremism and educational problems are the most important influencing variables and on the opposite point; The dimming of the discourse of the Islamic Revolution, the loss of social capital, the disruption of social cohesion and the weakening of the family institution are the most effective variables in the network of social problems.

. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive information regarding the various elements of cooperative learning and their impact on developing students' leadership skills. This knowledge gap needs to be addressed in order to enhance the effectiveness of cooperative learning in fostering leadership abilities among students.Hence, in this study, a comprehensive examination was conducted employing a multi-method approach that incorporated two meta-synthesis methods and focus groups. Initially, primary data was collected and analyzed through a meta-synthesis study. Subsequently, the data underwent completion, expansion, modification, and standardization using the focus group method. The meta-synthesis section encompassed a comprehensive review of 5200 scientific documents, including articles, books, and treatises. From this vast pool, a sample of 32 articles was selected for further analysis using the Critical Assessment Skills Program (CASP). During the data analysis stage, we utilized the Atlas T software to examine the results. The findings revealed that positive internal dependence, a key element of Cooperative learning, plays a significant role in nurturing essential skills such as popularity, empathy, and cooperation. Additionally, accountability was identified as a factor that enhances self-esteem and fosters respect for others' rights. Furthermore, the interpersonal skill, which is the third element of cooperative learning, was found to be effective in developing communication and social skills, as well as strengthening problem-solving and conflict resolution abilities in students. These three elements align with social interdependence theory and offer new perspectives on cultivating leadership skills among students.

The main goal of the current research is to identify the main players of the public sector in terms of the cost price, focusing on the Supreme Audit Court and functions of the cost price for each actor, and finally to provide a model to monitor the cost price in the public sector. On the one hand, this issue will create more transparency and provide a suitable platform for accountability for all public sector institutions, and on the other hand, due to the explanation and separation of the roles of each actor, it will lead to financial discipline. Data collection and analysis were done in two qualitative parts: Focus Group and Meta-Synthesis. The results of the focus group showed that the key players in the field of cost are: the executive branch, the State Court of Audit and the beneficiaries. In order to identify the cost functions for each of the aforementioned characters, a meta-composite qualitative method was used. The results of this method showed; (1) There are five main functions for the Court of Accounts regarding the cost price, which are: performance audit, ensuring the fairness of the cost price, how to fulfill the responsibility of accountability, evaluating the performance of costing systems and consulting services, (2) seven The main functions for the executive bodies can be considered as: reporting mechanisms, correct pricing of services and products, improving the performance of the device, costing systems, achieving the goals and tasks intended by the legislator, developing feasible plans and determining tariffs. and taxes and (3) there are six main functions for stakeholders regarding cost, which are: amendment of laws and regulations, pricing of products and services, budgeting, imposition of tariffs and taxes, performance evaluation and protection of industries. Finally, and based on the summation of the experts' opinions, the final model was designed in two related parts called the persons pyramid and the total price pyramid.

Abstract
The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying barriers to optimal implementation of educational evaluation in National Gas Company of Iran and providing solutions for its improvement. Therefore, using the capacity of qualitative research approach and focus group method, the barriers of the studied phenomenon were identified. The data was collected by using the Purposive sampling method (criterion type) and focus interview with 4 focus groups (including 20 people) among the employees of the training and equipping of human resources unit of National Gas Company of Iran and the data was analyzed by using thematic analysis method. Data analysis resulted in the identification of 138 conceptual propositions, 21 basic themes and 5 main themes including "individual barriers", "organizational barriers", "educational barriers", "managerial barriers" and "environmental barriers". According to the findings of the research, it is necessary to pay attention to the identified barriers in order to optimally implementation of the educational evaluation process in the National Gas Company of Iran; therefore, at the end, solutions were presented in order to reduce the effect of barriers on the optimal implementation of the educational evaluation process and its improvement.
Extended abstract
Today, due to technological advances and rapid changes in the environment of organizations (Pfoser et al, 2020), the professional development of human resources is considered one of the most important factors in adapting and facing these rapid changes (Rama Devi & Shaik, 2020), in creating a competitive advantage and value creating for organizations (Ashofteh & Orangian, 2021). In this regard, training is one of the main strategies for the professional development of the organization's human resources (Nguyen, 2020); because training is a systematic process of changing the professional behavior and level of competencies (knowledge, ability and skills) of the organization's employees (Urbancová et al, 2021), which affects the performance of the employees and will ultimately ensure the success of the organization (Sahinidis & Bouris, 2018). Effective training courses can be influent in gaining experience and improving the performance of people, and guaranteeing the survival and perfection of the organization by including strategic progress (Bazgir et al, 2020). The current economic recession has reduced the amount of budget allocated to training and development of human resources; therefore, organizations should always design and implement effective training courses in order to strengthen and expand the knowledge, attitude and skills of employees in order to improve, provide innovative ideas and provide quality services. Therefore, it is necessary for organizations to ensure the effectiveness of training courses in order to achieve their goals by providing the necessary grounds for continuous improvement of training courses (Taheri, 2016). One of the basic measures in providing effective training courses is the optimal implementation of the evaluation process of training courses. The most common definition of educational evaluation considers it as a process to examine education in order to determine whether the educational objectives have been realized in an effective and efficient way. (Sahni, 2020). The optimal implementation of the educational evaluation process, as one of the basic methods of quality assurance, makes it possible to guarantee the quality of education by identifying the weak points of the educational program and laying the groundwork to fix them (Tarazi et al, 2020). Creating the necessary conditions for the continuous improvement of training courses, preventing the deviation of training courses and fixing its defects, and helping to answer to superior authorities and suppliers of the costs of training courses are some of the reasons for the necessity of identifying obstacles to the optimal implementation of the training evaluation process (Taheri, 2016). Thus, in the present research, we have tried to answer the question: "What are the obstacles to the optimal implementation of the educational evaluation process in the National Gas Company of Iran?"
Theoretical framework
Educational evaluation is a regular process of forming a value judgment about the quality of the educational program, making decisions regarding the improvement and modification of the educational program during future planning (Al-Mughairi, 2018). The purpose of educational evaluation is to provide appropriate information for decision-making; in other words, the results of the educational evaluation provide a set of appropriate information for making decisions regarding the continuation, change or termination of the educational program (Sadeghi et al, 2018). In this regard, there are several models each of which considers specific aspects of evaluation. Some models have focused their attention on evaluating learner behavior, educational materials or related methods. Another group of models emphasizes the importance of the role of evaluation in educational planning and tries to improve educational planning by using multiple models, and another group of models also emphasizes the importance of gathering information for decision-making (Taherkhani & Hamidi, 2020).
In relation to the subject of the research, Tarazi et al, (2020) in a research with the aim of identifying the criteria and components affecting the evaluation of the effectiveness of in-service training courses for the employees of Refah Karkaran Bank, considers the factors affecting the process of evaluating the effectiveness of the said courses include individual factors (emotions, awareness and cognition, behavior, physical changes and usefulness), group (emotions in the group, awareness and cognition in the group, behavior in the group and usefulness in the group), organizational (financial, efficiency, processes and resources) and social (customer, community development and business ethics). Urbancová et al, (2021) in research entitled "Effective educational evaluation: the role of influencing factors on evaluating the effectiveness of employee training" concluded that educational evaluation methods (self-evaluation and direct evaluation by supervisors and colleagues), feedback to employees, the size of the organization, and human and financial resources affect the process of evaluating the effectiveness of employee training. Al-Mughairi, (2018) also in his research entitled "Evaluation of training and development of employees: case study: a national oil and gas industry" states that the obstacles of the educational evaluation process include people without evaluation qualifications, use of inappropriate evaluation methods, low and limited cooperation of the managers of the organization and the lack of financial resources.
The current research is practical in terms of purpose and nature, and from the point of view of data collection, it is based on the qualitative research approach and the focus group method. The field of research was Iran National Gas Company (headquarters companies and operational areas), and in this field, the participants included all the employees of the training and manpower training unit of Iran National Gas Company. The selection of the participants was based on the purposeful sampling method of the criterion type among the employees of the training and equipping of human resources unit of National Gas Company of Iran. The data was collected using the focal interview technique, and after completing 4 focal interviews, the level of data saturation was reached. In order to analyze the data, the theme analysis method was used.
Research After conducting 4 focal interviews (including 20 people) with the employees of the Human Resources Training and Equipping Unit of Iran National Gas Company and analyzing the resulting data, 21 basic themes and 5 main themes were extracted, which include: individual barriers (insufficient participation of the organization's employees, lack of specialized knowledge in the organization's employees, lack of required skills in the organization's employees, insufficient knowledge and awareness of the organization's employees about the requirements of the educational evaluation process and incorrect implementation of the requirements of the educational evaluation process by the organization's employees), Organizational barriers (problems in the processes of the organization's human resources planning unit, problems in the processes of the organization's human resources training and equipping unit, problems related to organizational culture, problems related to the organization's human resources, limited credits and required budget, low interaction and cooperation of different units of the organization and lack of efficient and effective motivational systems in the organization), educational barriers (weakness of training course instructors and less and limited use of new and appropriate methods, models and indicators), managerial barriers (insufficient participation of managers, heads and supervisors of the organization, lack of required skills in managers, heads and supervisors of the organization, negative attitude of managers, heads and supervisors of the organization, low and limited support of managers, heads and supervisors of the organization, and incorrect implementation of the requirements of the evaluation process educational by the managers, heads and supervisors of the organization), and environmental barriers (lack of necessary and appropriate infrastructure and lack of mechanisms facilitating the educational evaluation process).
The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying obstacles to the optimal implementation of educational evaluation in the National Gas Company of Iran and providing solutions for its improvement. The results of this research are consistent with the findings of researchers such as Tarazi et al, (2020), Urbancová et al, (2021) and Al-Mughairi (2018). In explaining the findings of the research, it can be said that individual barriers, organizational barriers, educational barriers, managerial barriers and environmental barriers have caused the process of educational evaluation in Iran's National Gas Company not to be carried out optimally, and the expected results are not obtained from the training courses; therefore, it is necessary to think about improving the existing situation and thereby improve the quality of the educational evaluation process and consequently, the quality of training courses and their effectiveness, and in this way strengthen the skills and abilities of employees to perform their job duties and responsibilities. For this purpose, according to the findings, solutions have been identified to reduce the effects of obstacles and improve the educational evaluation process in the National Gas Company of Iran, such as including the index of the active participation of the organization's employees in the educational evaluation process in the annual performance evaluation form of the organization's employees in order to motivate the organization's employees to participate actively in the process of educational evaluation and etc. According to the results obtained from this research, it is suggested that in future researches, the obstacles of the educational evaluation process and providing improvement solutions in other organizations should be taken into consideration and compared with the results of the current research. Also, in future researches, the effect of each of these obstacles identified in the current research can be investigated separately on the process of educational evaluation. And finally, future researchers can conduct research similar to the current research in certain time intervals when the organization takes corrective measures, so that continuous monitoring can be done in this field.

Studying the dimensions and aspects of politics is basically complex, difficult, and controversial. In the study of politics, we are often confronted with different and sometimes paradoxical ideas, narratives, and arguments about political phenomena. Naturally, answering these questions and evaluating the nature of the issues raised requires learning techniques and methods that help us for methodical research. Interviewing is one of the most common methods of data collection, which is unfortunately less used in the field of political science in Iran. Addressing new interview methods, such as online interviewing and new communication capabilities, is an inevitable necessity for data collection. The importance of which became clearer to us in the Corona period. The main question of this paper is what types of interviews have the capacity to collect data and understand political attitudes, and how should the interview process be conducted? The main purpose is to be able to introduce the dimensions and aspects of interview-based research, types of interviews and discuss how to conduct the interview process. Therefore, an attempt will be made to consider the methods of collecting interview data in three structured, unstructured and semi-structured formats, the advantages and disadvantages of the interview, the types of interviews, and the interview-centered research process.

Some attributes of the agricultural sector in Iran are low Value-added, low amount of Total Factor Productivity, and a traditional structure, which facing these facts requires supporting agriculture through knowledge and technology. Therefore, the qualitative research was conducted to propose the policy tools for the transition to knowledge-intensive agriculture in Iran by identifying policy gaps and system failures in this field. In order to achieve the research goals, a literature review, a comparative study, and a focus group were used. The results of the comparative studies of the policy experiences of knowledge-intensive agriculture development in Iran, India, Turkey, and Switzerland led to the typology of the related policy tools in these countries. These results formed the input of the focus group meeting. The data from the focus group meeting was analyzed through thematic content analysis into the framework of system failures which led to the extraction of 51 challenges of knowledge-intensive agricultural development in Iran and 20 policy tools for the transition to knowledge-intensive agriculture.

The use of electric buses has a great effect on reducing traffic and air pollution. The purpose of this article was to examine the challenges facing the country to produce and benefit from this product and solutions to solve these challenges. In this research, data was collected through documentary studies and in-depth semi-guided interviews and analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The target community was the experts of electric bus manufacturing companies and related institutions. The number of 72 propositions were categorized into 10 sub-categories and finally 6 main categories, the main categories of which were empowerment, cost, technological cooperation and cultural alignment. Then, action was taken to form a focus group and the extracted challenges and solutions were validated and finalized. Among the important challenges are the dependence on foreign electric propulsion, the unaffordability of bus operations, the high price of electric buses, the infrastructure for conducting some specialized tests to obtain the standard, and the lack of culture for using this new product. Some important solutions include the domestication of electric motors and accessories with government support from domestic companies, the creation of a joint supply chain for bus manufacturing companies, the preparation of a business model based on public-private partnership, and the implementation of Article 12 of the law on removing barriers to production, cultural measures and promotion based on new product and technology requirements, design of night charging system for bus batteries and design of electric base buses

One of the most important and effective incentives for investment and improving the business environment is facilitating and expediting issuing of licenses. This process is so crucial that it has become the only component or at least one of the main components for international business environment assessments. Licensing procedures are also common in the agricultural sector, and due to important issues such as compliance with public health and environmental safety, it becomes more specific. Animal husbandry is a prosperous production activity in the agricultural sector and one of the important pillars of the rural economy. Like all of them, it needs a suitable platform to fulfil its assigned missions. The heavy livestock breeding license is issued according to the rules and regulations set in a book under the title of the Comprehensive Livestock Breeding System Law. Therefore, issuing heavy livestock licenses under a national project in Isfahan, Khorasan Razavi, Qom, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and Gilan has been investigated to explain the current and suggest an optimal state.

In order to identify the current state of the licensing process, pathology and analysis of its optimal state, the focus group qualitative research method was used. Focus group research is a method for collecting qualitative data. In this research, in order to achieve the intended purposes, five steps include collecting information on the current situation; formation of the working group of applicants; Forming a focus group of experts; discussing the issues raised and providing solutions by experts; And the final synthesis and drawing of the optimal chart has been completed. Also, for all responsible and provincial project researchers, a user code and password have been defined to search in the licensing system named Panjare Vahed, which is the basis of the analysis of this research. The Panjare Vahed system, now renamed Electronic Agricultural Licensing System (SAMAK), is designed to apply for and track the issuance of licenses in the agricultural sector. Visio 2013 software was used to draw licensing charts.

In order to obtain a heavy livestock license, three permits: Permission in Principle, Establishment Permit, and Operation Permit, are required, each of which has overlapping processes that cause many problems for the applicants. The results of the project indicate the chaotic situation of the licensing process and the absence of a single and coordination procedure in the province. According to the surveys carried out in the investigated provinces, the most critical factor in prolonging the licensing process is the multiplicity of decision-making centers and parallel inquiries and the absence of online, intelligent and up-to-date systems, as well as the rules and instructions of these centers. Finally, the current and optimal state of the licensing process is plotted in the form of graphs that will contribute to a better understanding of this issue.

The return on social security funds investments _ like any other type of investment _ is subject to the factors that govern risk and return. Therefore, if investments are made without taking proper precautions and foresight, it could result in negative returns, and thereby, the wastage of capital. Such errors can jeopardize the economic wellbeing and financial security of investors, who will be dependent on the proper functioning of the fund to fulfill their obligations after retirement. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to identify the factors affecting the investments of the Armed Forces’ Pension Fund in the Iranian financial market. Due to the sensitivities associated with access to information in this area, the paper relies on content analysis method and a focus group consisting of 10 experts (each of whom have had at least five years of investment experience in the Iranian financial market) to gather its data.The paper identifies 30 main factors affecting investments, which were subsequently classified into five general categories: (1) the factors related to the structure of the fund, factors related to fund management, macro factors, regulations, and finally factors related to the country's financial market.

Accepting the educational belief that family involvement in education and the educational process is one of the vital tools in achieving better results as well as a suitable mechanism for creating more efficient and democratic schools is very important for the current educational system to move from closed and non-participatory schools. Become a model of free democracy. The purpose of this study is to identify the role of the family institution in the implementation of school curriculum. In this research, the type of initial research was used to identify the dimensions by exploratory research method. To collect data from focus groups, which are one of the key methods of qualitative exploration in the social sciences, to obtain the views of a representative group of parents, specialists and experts in educational sciences, especially curriculum planners and philosophers of education with a sample of 20 people. Were used and comments were analyzed by qualitative content analysis.The results of data analysis indicated that parents did not properly intervene in the implementation of the curriculum. The research findings also indicate that the family institution can play a key role in all areas of curriculum planning and tend to participate in the implementation of their children's curriculum. Four themes emerge from the data related to participants 'perceptions and experiences of parents' presence in the implementation of school curriculum. These themes are the role of the family institution as the supporter of the learner and policy maker, therefore, in this article, briefly examines the role and impact of each of these factors and provides practical strategies.

The purpose of this study is to design, compile and approve (in the Council of Supervisory Organizations) a model for measuring Soundness and corruption for the executive Organizations of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In order to perform this research, the Meta Synthesis qualitative method and the Focus group method were used twice. Studies of the last 20 years (2002-2021) were used to extract the researches. Twelve elites participated in the Focus group meetings, composed of members of the Council of Supervisory Organizations, as well as some elites of the supervisory and executive organizations, with the organizational position of director general up to the level of minister. In the focus of the first group (during three sessions) by observing scientific protocols, we came to the conclusion that (1) the measurement model should pay attention to both soundness and corruption, (2) the main components of the model should include six components of infrastructure, operational activities, management, results, consequences and effects, perception of corruption and experience of corruption, (3) the components of the model should pay attention to the value characteristics of transparency, accountability, honesty and integrity and (4) the citizens, the executive and the supervisory organization should be involved in the process of measuring soundness and corruption. The results of the Meta synthesis method and its refinement in the focus of the second group (during four sessions) resulted in the identification of 48 indicators for measuring soundness and corruption (which were divided into 12 groups and six main components). 

Ecolodges are fast-growing alternative establishments in tourism and hospitality industry that offer personal, authentic and local experiences to guests and tourists. One aspect of ecolodge studies that has been ignored is their business model which has a direct effect on their success. The failure to develop and implement a working business model will seal their demise. In this paper, a business model framework for these accommodations has been proposed that not only meets their business needs but also anticipates their sustainability requirements. To this end, the components of the business model framework were identified using meta-synthesis method. Then, to evaluate the components, two focus group interviews were conducted with 9 experts. 34 approved components were categorized under 9 more general themes (dimensions) including contextual factors, worldview, asset model, operations model, participation model, marketing model, financial model, impact model and value proposition. The proposed framework is holistic and flexible and has the ability to generate successful business models in different situations. The framework helps ecolodge owners and managers to grasp the different dimensions of their business at a glance, and by using different combination of its elements, design unique sustainable business models.

Political power is defined as the controlling, governing, and guiding force in a territory and society. The Sistan region in the Islamic Republic of Iran has long been influenced by political power, both nationally and locally, and has appeared in various forms in this region. This diversity of influence of political power can be considered as macro models of political power of a region, which is revealed in comparison with the national power of a government in a part of the country. Therefore, the important question in this article is what are the macro models of Sistan political power? And what changes have they undergone? The present hypothesis, which is based on the qualitative method of the focus group, identifies three types of models in Sistan region: centralist, pluralist and representation. It attributes the centralist model to the Kayanians, the pluralist model to the Khans and tribes, and the representative model to the members of parliament, who have consecutively evolved in Sistan. The important point in the present article is that the representative model, which is a modern political model, can be considered as a regressive model with a view to competing for power in Sistan.

The socialization capacity of political factions includes examining the two main concepts of political socialization and political factions based in Iran. Hence, what is used as a theoretical approach is a combination of approaches to political socialization and parties, which is in the form of a framework taken from the views of Doos. Research methodology refers to documentary techniques for examining documents and focus group methods. Specialists for exploratory studies. The focus group includes the use of 8 experts who, through group interviews, reviewed, specialized identification, required data through a qualitative method, and the results according to the main question, which is the spectrum of political factions. And their typology as well as the degree of effectiveness in political socialization showed that the media in the three factions of fundamentalists and moderates and reformers in a result of the same methods and tools in conveying political socialization agree but the content of this society Acceptability is constantly changing according to factional missions and political strategies and related events.

Increasing advances in emerging technologies in all areas have led to profound changes at the community level. Legal and judicial systems have also undergone technological changes. They are looking for a digitally capable system in which judicial services and, consequently, justice is available to all citizens. The judicial system in our country is facing some challenges, including procrastination, which despite the use of various systems in the judicial system of the country has not yet been resolved. Benefiting from digital transformation as a solution to challenges as well as the potential to create new opportunities will be effective in providing better judicial services. This article aims to design a conceptual framework for digital judicial transformation to create a systematic perspective on the transformation of the judiciary.

After studying the background of the subject and comparative study and content analysis of international research, the initial framework was designed. Then, during the two phases of the focus group, the initial framework was validated. The first focus group consisted of six legal experts and the second group consisted of seven experts in the field of law and information technology.

Finally, the framework was designed with seven main sections, which include enablers (including two layers of infrastructure components and technological components), applications (including challenges, drivers and opportunities), judicial ecosystem (including two Layer of internal and external stakeholders), digital transformation governance, digital transformation roadmap (including three layers of vision, goals and plans) and digital transformation journey (including five stages).

In order to create digital judicial transformation, a systematic perspective must be created that, in addition to hard dimensions such as technologies, also considers soft dimensions such as culture, skills and laws. Consider different types of stakeholders and use the benefits and incentives of technologies to solve challenges. There should also be a clear vision and specific goals and plans in this regard.

Organizational virtue is one of the new concepts of an organization that is based on positive psychology. The study in this area encompasses prominent behaviors in the organization, which lead to positive outcomes. The purpose of this study was to design and explain pattern for consequents of virtuous organization at public universities in Yazd province.
research The research methodology was based on "exploratory mixed research" method. At First phase, the qualitative research method of "focus group" was applied by using semi-structured interviews with 8 member of faculty members of Yazd state universities, and then analyzing and coding the data obtained from the interview and literature the method of thematic analysis was executed, then the conceptual model of research was developed. Then in quantitative research section, conceptual model with a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed to the sample of 285 employees of public universities in Yazd province, was tested with structural equation model. Content validity, divergent, convergent, and also composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of this questionnaire were appropriate.
In the model which was obtained from qualitative research, the consequences of the virtuous University, was "organizational spontaneity", "organizational citizenship behavior", "organizational identity", "spiritual well-being", "professional moral courage", "organizational happiness", "organizational health", "organizational performance", and "Social Capital" and also the impact of some consequences on each other were identified. The results of quantitative showed that  all consequences had a suitable factor load and the model was confirmed.
  benefits and consequences of organizational virtue are not apparent in the short term; Therefore, university manager and staff  should  know that by institutionalizing virtuous behaviors in the university, the quality of services and competitive advantage would be increased in long term for the university.