جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "gasoline consumption" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

the aim of the present study is to analyze the effect of city form on fuel consumption in Karaj metropolis. The data and information required for the research have been collected in two ways: library (study of documents, plans, articles, etc.) and referring to related organizations (municipality, National Petroleum Products Distribution Company, etc.). In order to analyze the data, G statistical test and the Moran model were used to determine the pattern of gasoline consumption in Karaj, and geographic weight regression (GWR) was used to determine the spatial variation between city form variables (mixing, accessibility) and gasoline consumption. The results showed that central neighborhoods of areas 5,1,7,8,9 such as; Dehghan Villas 1 and2, Hyderabad, western Golshahr 1 and 2, Movahedan town, eastern Golshahr, Mehrvila and Karmandan dormitory have the highest accessibility index, and Mehrshahr suburbs, districts 10 and 6 have the lowest accessibility index to services, administrative, commercial, educational. Also, according to the value; 462 / 10Z-Scorse = and the value of P-Value = 0, it was determined that the pattern of gasoline consumption in Karaj is clustered. Also, the value of R2 of the accessibility variable is equal to 0.88. That is, the city form index according to this variable at the 95% confidence level justifies 88% of gasoline consumption. The value of R2 of the user mixing variable is equal to 0.87. That is, according to this variable at the 95% confidence level the city form index justifies 87% of gasoline consumption.

One of the major problems in budgeting is to predict the various kinds of future income precisely as possible. Since tax revenue is very important component in the combination of state income, the present paper considers the forecasting of VAT on gasoline consumption. The main purpose is to achieve an efficient method to forecast gasoline consumption and VAT on it in Iran. Hence, a Hybrid ARIMA- Neural Network model is used to forecast gasoline consumption. After confirming the good performance of this method compared with autoregressive integrated moving average processes(ARIMA), VAT on gasoline consumption is calculated by applying its tax rate. Results indicate that during the years 2013 to 2016, VAT on gasoline consumption will grow by 31.6 percent on average.

The aim of the present research was to study environmental effects of Mashhad city transport using ecological method, and to evaluate its economical outputs on citizens. The method used in this research was ecological footprint, which determines the relation between "consumption and waste production by humans" and "resource production and waste absorption by nature".The current research is conducted based on the considering of the present situation as the basic scenario and compare it with the future situation of development and operation of other railway network lines as the ideal scenario. According to the results obtained from the first scenario (The current trend continuation), Mashhad city transport ecological footprint will rise from 0.11 ha per person in 2013 to 0.14 ha in the year of 2025. Energy consumption in transportation sector will be 54 million Gj, of which gasoline share solely is 69% among all forms of energy. Based on the ideal scenario and by completion of rail network, energy consumption will fall to 44 million Gj and ecological footprint will remain 0.11 ha per person, which in addition of having environmental positive effects, leads to gasoline consumption reduction and economic improvement. Therefore, saving resulting from gasoline consumption reduction can solely justify constructional costs of Mashhad Railway Company.

This paper mainly focuses on evaluating economic effects of subsidized gasoline on its consumption in Iran. Using time series data for the period of time "through 1971-2003", simultaneous equation model is estimated applying I3SLS. Evaluating results indicate that there has been a positive and striking relationship between gasoline subsidy and consumption: An increase about 1٪ in subsidy has increased the consumption about 069٪ (percent). Each consumption and subsidy equation explains approximately 99٪ (percent) of the consumption and subsidy flexibility. Therefore, based on the same consumption equation, the fixed and also the least consumption become e75188. In other words, for an increase about 1٪ (percent) in gasoline subsidy, the consumption rate will increase up to 069٪ (percent). A 1٪ (percent) increases in gasoline consumption causes 077٪ (percent) increases in gasoline subsidy rate. To sum up, the increase in subsidy during the mentioned period is the main reason for gasoline consumption rate. Based on our findings, it is concluded that by implementing the guided subsidy policy in the Iran’s 4th economic, social and cultural plan and also in the 20 years economic outlook package through reduceing consumption, using effectively and saving financial resources by government, we can expect more favorable economic impact.