جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "maternal role" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

Women’s most important roles in the Islamic lifestyle are those of maternity and rearing children, but today many women, because they have a job, are also obligated to play a correct occupational role, and therefore striking a balance between occupational and maternal roles is of particular importance. In recent years, the number of female members of academic staff has been on the increase, and since these women have undertaken a great volume of occupational tasks, achieving the equilibrium between their occupational and familial roles involves certain difficulties. Thus, using the qualitative research method, the present study aims to identify the women’s strategies for finding the balance. To this aim, interviews with 20 female members of academic staff and a content analysis of the interviews have been conducted to extract the strategies. According to the research findings, the strategies include eight categories: diligent efforts to achieve occupational goals, efforts to be a good mother, self-effacement, reduction of occupational goals, time management, a division of labor, family planning, and outsourcing of some family tasks.

In today's societies, with the advancement of technology and increasing social pressures, family relationships and the transfer of moral values to the new generation have been challenged, and to solve this challenge, the competences of mothers in shaping moral values and correct social relationships as the first and most influential teachers in life Persons should not be neglected. Therefore, studying the ways of life of mothers who are superior of Believer in monotheism , like Hazrat Zahra (PBUH) and carefully examining the values and teachings they teach us can be very effective in strengthening moral values and improving social relations. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the role of mothers' competence in the development of morals and correct social communication, emphasizing the life of Hazrat Zahra (PBUH) as an outstanding model for monotheistic mothers. The research method is library study and content analysis of Islamic and historical sources.The obtained results show. In the Islamic perspective, the basic development of ethics in human societies is formed only in the shadow of monotheistic belief, and mothers are not exempt from this issue. The monotheistic mother considers the one God as the only creator of the universe and puts obedience to him at the top of all her affairs; Therefore, his social relations are defined only in the direction of the satisfaction and servitude of the Almighty God. By looking at the life of Hazrat Zahra (pbuh), it became clear that monotheism gives mothers the possibility to present the best morals and behavior in the society by adhering to the verses, traditions and practices of the Masoomin (pbuh), to be a good role model for their children and also by strengthening religious beliefs from childhood, to institutionalize monotheism in children and be effective in the development of morals and correct social communication.

Work and family are two important institutions for the individual and society, and establishing a balance between work and family roles is very important in the successful advancement of goals. University faculty members are faced with more difficulties to establish the balance between career and family roles, especially mothering, due to having a large amount of job duties. Various conditions are effective in the balanced performance of roles, and its identification can create the necessary grounds for solving the obstacles of establishing the balance between occupational and maternal roles and as a result, be useful for performing these roles as best as possible. In this regard the purpose of the present study was to identify the conditions that affect the balance between work and mothering among women university faculty members based on their lived experience. The present research was conducted using a qualitative method. The target population are women who are faculty members of the universities of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, who have the experience of mothering and employment together. The selection of the participants was done with the purposeful sampling method and taking into account the maximum diversity. The information was collected using in-depth and semi-structured interviews. Sampling and conducting interviews continued until data saturation was reached, and based on this, 20 faculty members of Tehran universities were interviewed. After converting the interviews into text, the interviews were coded using the summary content analysis technique and the conditions affecting the balance between the job role and mothering were extracted. Based on the data analysis, the conditions affecting the establishment of balance include eight main categories: "attitude towards mothering and employment", "Quality of support and companionship by family", "Quality of support and companionship by university", "job requirements of faculty members", "personal characteristics", "children's childhood difficulties", "children's presence at home" and "access to material facilities" and each of them included several sub-categories. The category "attitude towards mothering and employment" includes a positive attitude towards mothering and a positive belief towards employment and mothering together, the category "Quality of support and companionship by family" includes the support and accompaniment by spouse, the lack of support and accompaniment by spouse, the support and accompaniment by one's own family and the spouse and Lack of support and companionship by one's family and spouse, the category "Quality of support and companionship by university" includes understanding the conditions and companionship of the member by colleagues and university officials, lack of understanding of the difficulties and requirements of the mothering role by the university officials, depriving the member of opportunities for Career success due to mothering and the lack of legal support for the role of mothering, the category of "job requirements of faculty members" includes the time urgency of some career activities, the need to focus strongly on career activities in the primary years, the impossibility of using the rules of hours of Breastfeeding and reduction of working hours, the impossibility of actually using maternity leave, the need to spend a lot of time continuously for work activities, the specific job conditions of the field of study, the need to spend a lot of time to achieve career success, the lack of a clear boundary between work and family life, the necessity of continuity of work activities at home, the requirements of career growth and promotion, and the quantity-oriented rules in evaluating the job success, the category of "individual characteristics" includes being hard-worker, perfectionism and scientific obsession, Being highly responsible in work and obsession in child rearing, the category of "children's childhood difficulties" includes breastfeeding difficulties, childhood mischief, dependence Child to mother and the difficulties of using kindergarten, the category of "children's presence at home", including the presence of children at home during summer vacations, the presence of children at home due to the closure of kindergartens and schools, and the presence of children at home due to illness, the category of "access to Material facilities" included the distance from work to home, financial ability and vehicle. Some conditions, such as the support and companionship of the spouse and the university, have a more prominent role in establishing balance, and in addition to helping women to successfully fulfill their career and motherhood duties, by reducing the tensions of fulfilling roles simultaneously and creating the Reassurance and calmness are effective in playing a balanced role of work and motherhood and it is necessary to pay special attention to them.

The main purpose of this study was to Analysis of elements curriculum based on the ethics of caring: the continuation of maternal role in primary education of Iranian educational system. This research was a qualitative research based on grounded theory.The statistical population consisted of female teachers and married faculty members with children who were specialists in primary education, and were selected purposefully through snowball method.In total, 37 individuals were interviewed, including 25 teachers and 12 faculty members.Data were analyzed through semi-structured interviews during three stages By way of open, axial and selective coding. Research results that was formed as a paradigmatic and conceptual model kike the following: Needs and goals (general and specific goals), content (priorities of organizing and content selection), learning-retention methods (selection priorities and methods of teaching), teacher`s role (teacher`s indicators and responsibilities), evaluation (evaluation priorities and assessment methods), communication skills (communication awareness and continuation of maternal communication), implicit learning (classroom atmosphere), and educational outcomes (ethical-emotional education, mental health, self-esteem enhancement, knowledge development, skill and attitude).To obtain the data validation, two methods of participant review and review of non-participating experts were used.Finally, based on the findings and results, some guidelines were provided for the implementation of the program

Explicitness of international agreements is a necessary condition when ratifying and joining them, because the consequences of these agreements are based on the way their concepts are conceived. In this paper the ambiguities of the convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) are evaluated "conceptually", "structurally", and "basics". The results show that the convention suffers from essential ambiguities in these three respects. These ambiguities result in the conclusion that countries willing to join the convention do not realize the intentions of the founders of the convention and each country accept the contents based on the mental assumptions of its own society. Different cultures and belief systems understand these concepts differently; therefore, every country should disambiguate these concepts before joining the convention.