جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "natural situation" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

In this study, we have tried to explain the effects of the philosophical point of view on the Political geography, with examining examine the philosophical thought of the "Thomas Hobbes" (1588- 1679). Hobbes's Leviathan as his most important compilation had a substantial impact on the west academic community, as this book as a reference text has been teaching at universities. Thomas Hobbe's political thought and his comments are very important for political geographers, because of its association with the principles of Political Geography and Geopolitics like power, government, sovereignty, territory and people, (directly or indirectly). Knowing the philosophical ideas that led to write this book by Hobbes is very important; because everyone's philosophical thought defines his principles and foundations. Some people know Thomas Hobbes as "creative philosophy in English". Hobbes used the scientific methodology in his work, and as discussed in the research, he had the realist philosophical approach, and had the mechanical and naturalist approach. He uses inductive and deductive methods to explain the issues. Hobbes has a pessimistic view to human and sees man the wolf man. Hence being a higher power that governs on the people is necessary. Influence of Political thought during his time and the tumultuous time in which he lived, created his point of view about the formation of the government and people, finally, his theory of the state is written in the book Leviathan. In this study, the effects of the philosophical ideas of Thomas Hobbes on Political Geography's issues are studied with analytic – descriptive method.

The issue of order is one of the most important subjects in social sciences and is as old as human civilization, but the modern world and its special issues like urbanization, industrialization, individualism and etc. that all shook the traditional order lead to a more emphasis on the issue of order. Of course the first and the serious modern intellectual is Machiavelli, but it was Thomas Hobbes who, for the first time, brought up the question of how to establish order as an issue. The importance of comprehending how to establish order to prevent crime is that crime, before all, is a threat to diminution of order and social solidarity, thus if the mechanisms of how to establish order are understood appropriately, it will be easy to prevent crime and social solidarity diminution. So this essay is aimed at examining the mechanisms of establishing order from Hobbes’ viewpoint. For this reason, after examining his life and main works in brief, his position in the more extended tradition of social contract has been identified and then by emphasizing on his main work, Leviathan, his views on establishment of order in society have been examined. The results of this archival examination indicated that Hobbes’ special anthropology and methodology direct him to a coercive viewpoint on the issue of social order which on its basis, society is in order only when individuals gather together, sign a social contract and form a government that could establish order.

Many authorities believe that new attitude to the concept of Code, Natural Law and InternationalLaw has been theorized through Thomas Hobbes viewpoints in the ground of modernthought. The influence of Natural law theories in the International Law began along withfrom the beginning of 16th century the genesis of International Law. However,17th centurywas the time of science dynamism. In this situation Hobbes began his effort to explain theprinciples of the existence of political society and his doctrine would become the Firstmodern moral philosophy, because it was a philosophy that completely accepted consequencesof modern Natural Sciences and related ancient relativism in the form of “LegalTheory”, according to which man’s natural law explicates the thing that man desires to do.Then Natural Law derived from Natural Code. As a theoretician of modern Natural Law,Hobbes was among those who merely believed in Natural Law in the international relationsand denied the existence of Subject Law and only assigned Natural Law as the basis ofInternational Law. His book, leviathan, as a great and unique masterpiece in the field ofpolitical philosophy, written in English, best indicates his effort in scrutinizing concepts likecode, Natural Law, Politics Science, Political Power and Sovereignty. This essay aims tostudy Thomas Hobbes attitude to code concepts, Natural Law, Natural Codes InternationalLaw, Natural Situation, Political Society, Political Power and Leviathan by contemplationthrough his theorization and research through his political thought.