جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « neural network model » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

This study presents the elements and methodology of the reinforcement learning model according to the agent-based conceptual model of hospital accreditation in Iran. The elements and methodology of the mentioned model will create a favorable study base for creating a smart and multi-agent hospital accreditation system and environment simulation trends to provide efficient guidelines to relevant agents and policymakers. Also, this study intends to provide an appropriate answer to the main research questions in which there are uncertainties related to the reinforcement learning elements and how to choose the reinforcement learning methodology in a multi-agent system of the socio-technical systems type.

To collect the information needed to know the elements and identify the hospital accreditation processes, agents, environment, and interaction between them, the systematic review of sources, review of scientific documents, and semi-structured interviews, through experts, to The face-to-face method has been used. Summarizing the interviews was done using grounded-theory-based methods, and a sequential and systematic approach. The sources for collecting the characteristics of the machine learning process using the systematic review method were from the document "Iran Hospital Accreditation Guide 2022". Also, the process of selecting the mentioned features was done through the correct selection of the output features of the model, which are the actions of the agent. The list of agent actions was extracted from the conceptual content of the document above in the form of a general non-binary tree based on the classification of the tree structure.

The extracted reinforcement learning model will seek to find the optimal chains of operational actions, in the conditions where the quantitative data of the hospital is available. The most important elements of the mentioned model are:Set of states: set of hospital accreditation factors such as input variables, output variables, indicators, parameters, and fixed numbers related to the metrics of each conceptual agent in the document "Iran Hospital Accreditation Guide 2022".Set of actions: actions of intelligent agents in each reinforcement learning episode, paths from the hierarchically clustered binary tree are operational actions that can be performed in the hospital and per set of state features.Reward function: "Obtaining the highest possible score in the hospital ranking system by performing the least number of necessary actions and actions."Policy function: Based on the learning process of each agent, it is based on a DQN deep neural network and gradient reduction algorithm.Operational Agents: the operational goal of each of the conceptual agents, is "maximizing the accreditation points of the metrics of the relevant field by recommending the least measures."The general cycle of the model: in this structure, each of the intelligent agents, a subset of the 9 conceptual agents, has a multi-layered neural network within its scope, and the characteristics of related states are entered into this neural network and Output, based on the definition of the special policy function of that agent, a map of optimal actions will be created according to the agent's current conditions and states.Neural network model: The neural network of the intelligent agent is derived from the conceptual agent "management and leadership" in which the input, hidden, and output layers of the network are specified.

Summarizing the background of related research showed that the approach to designing hospital accreditation models can be divided into two groups: "conceptual models without using intelligent agents" and "conceptual models using Intelligence and operating systems" should be divided. The investigations showed that these studies had the expected results and that the efficiency and effectiveness of the models and processes proposed by them had the necessary validity.

Credit risk is the probability of default of the borrower or the counterparty of the bank in fulfilling its obligations, according to the agreed terms. In other words, uncertainty about receiving future investment income is called risk, which is of great importance in banks. The purpose of this article is to estimate the credit risk of individual and corporate customers. In this study, the statistical information of 400 individual customers and7500 corporate customers was used. In this regard, the results of neural network model and support vector machine model have been compared. The obtained results have shown that the components considered in this study based on their personal, financial and economic characteristics had significant effects on the probability of customer default and credit risk calculation. Also, the results of this study showed that the application of control policies at the beginning of the repayment period suggests facilities that have the highest probability of default with long life and high repayment. The comparison of the results of the prediction accuracy shows the higher explanatory power of the support vector machine model and the use of the survival probability function than the simple neural network model for both groups of customers.

Credit risk is the probability of default of the borrower or the counterparty of the bank in fulfilling its obligations, according to the agreed terms. In other words, uncertainty about receiving future investment income is called risk, which is of great importance in banks. The purpose of this article was to estimate the credit risk of Mellat Bank's legal customers. In this study, the statistical information of 7330 real customers was used. In this regard, the results of neural network model and support vector machine model have been compared. The obtained results have shown that the components considered in this study based on personality, financial and economic characteristics had significant effects on the probability of customer default and credit risk calculation. Also, the results of this study showed that the application of control policies at the beginning of the repayment period suggests facilities that have the highest probability of default with long life and high repayment. Comparing the results obtained from the prediction accuracy of different models, it was observed that the explanatory power of the support vector machine model and the use of the survival probability function was higher than that of the simple neural network model for the studied groups of real customers.

In this study, first, by studying the research, criteria and sub-criteria were identified that are effective in terms of environmental sustainability. After the Delphi stages, the criteria of environmental resources and services, environmental health and energy were selected as the most important criteria for assessing environmental sustainability in Babak, then using the neural network model to analyze and evaluate the environmental sustainability of Babak. In this study, drought in Babak city was analyzed with a SPI index of drought during a statistical period of 32 years 1361-1392. This index is specifically for time series six; Twelve and forty-eight months were calculated. The city of Babak has been facing drought during the statistical period of thirty-two years, especially the last seven years, and on an annual scale of six months, most of its droughts are mild to moderate droughts. But in the long-term Myas 48 months, 75% of the droughts were severe and very severe, which shows a high relationship with the quantitative and qualitative decline of groundwater in this area.

 Nowadays, most land use changes occur in urban areas, due to the growing population in cities and villages and the desire to live in urban areas. Urban rapid development in recent decades has led to large changes in the cities around and has had many environmental impacts. In this research, we evaluated land use changes and urban development simulation using satellite imagery and with neural network model and Markov chain auto-cells in Rasht city. For this purpose, Landsat satellite imageries were used from 2000, 2008 and 2017. After preprocessing the image and selecting the best band combination, the images were classified using the neural network method. Then the classified images were entered into the land changes model and predicted modeling output maps using the CA-MARCOVE method for 2027. The results obtained between 2000 and 2017 indicate that the area changes in urban lands, rice fields and forests were 9041.88, 7841.33 and 55.78 hectares, respectively, which were positive in Rasht city and negative in rice fields and forest and the projection map for 2027 with the CA-MARCOVE method also indicated a significant increase in urban use of 14105.04 hectares in the coming years. The results of this study indicate that the current trend of land use changes will lead to adverse environmental impacts and, consequently, irreversible socio-economic damage. Therefore, it is essential for the region planning and management unit to adopt a comprehensive approach to conduct future environmental problems and to curb the horizontal development of settlements in the area.

 The importance of land use as a key component in natural resource management, environmental change and a dynamic and affecting biological condition requires accurate quantitative and qualitative information to be provided and varied in the short term. (Triantakonstantis & Stathakis, 2015: 194; Akbari and Rezaei, 1397: 94). In the meantime, remote sensing data provide valuable multi-temporal data on the processes and patterns of land cover change and land use, and help to develop an understanding of the impact of human activities on natural resources. (Esfahanzadeh, 2016: 34). Urban development is a global phenomenon and one of the most important phenomena that has a great impact on both nature and human environment due to its many ecological and socio-economic aspects. The city of Rasht, like other urban areas, has undergone numerous changes in agricultural and horticultural uses and residential uses over many years. In this study, satellite imagery is used to evaluate land use changes and simulate urban development in the period 2000 to 2017, so that the results of the research can be of great help in micro planning. And provided the experts with a great deal to prevent environmental degradation.

In this study, using satellite imagery of land use changes and simulation of growth and development of Rasht city using neural network model and Markov chain automated cells. Landsat 2000, 2008 and 2017 images were used for this purpose. After image preprocessing and selecting the best band composition, the images were classified by neural network method. Selected classes include 7 classes, forest, man-made areas, paddy fields, sand, sea, ponds and vacant lots. The digital layers used to classify and apply Markov auto cells include: GPS capture points for image classification and accuracy assessment, proximity to main roads, river avoidance, distance from surrounding villages, slope And height. Then, the classified images were entered into the land change modeler and the model outputs were predicted by CA-MARCOVE for 2027.

 The results show that out of the total area of ​​man-made area increased, 3612 hectares were converted to paddy fields and 1 hectare to water use, 2138 hectares were made to man-made areas, 1646 hectares to the sea and 24 hectares to the Bayer area. In the present study, Markov chains and automated cell fusion methods were used to predict land use changes in Rasht. To do this using IDRISI software, three series of land use maps were prepared for the years 2000 to 2017. Finally, based on the factors involved in urban land use changes in the study area, the inputs of the automated cell model were selected as Table (1). The prediction is a function of the model inputs. Table 1: Input variables in the automated cell simulation model Row Variables affecting land use 1 near the main ways 2 distance from the river 3 elevation 4 slopes 5 distance from surrounding villages Source: Authors' Studies, 2018        Then, by calculating the Kramer coefficient in the model, one can obtain an estimate of the correlation of each variable with the existing land uses and hence its ability to predict land use changes. By repeating 10,000 times of trial and error in the multilayer neural network, calibration and conversion potential maps were generated in the images from 2000 to 2008 and 2008 to 2017. Following the acceptable accuracy of the model for prediction, using the CA-Markov model, the 2027 User Prediction Map was prepared for the study area shown in Figure (1).   Figure 1: Land use forecasting map of Rasht city using CA-Markov for 2027, Source: Research Findings, 2018.     Table 2. Land use area of 2027 using CA-Markov User class 2027 forecast area (ha) Jungle 0/13 Sands 0/9639 Water 974/26 rice field 4797/82 Man-made areas 14105/04 Wasteland 1599/03 Sea 6/39          As can be seen from Table 2, the area of most land uses, except for man-made areas and the sea, declined as forest land use from 1031/95, sandy land from 15/42, water from 22/333, paddy fields from 88/12/85 and wasteland from / 66. 3629 hectares decreased in 2000 to 0.13, 0.96, 97.26, 47.72 and 15.03 ha in 2027, respectively. In contrast, the land use area of the man-made areas increased sharply to 14105.04 hectares, while sea use increased by 6.39 hectares.

The use of Landsat satellite imagery is useful in terms of availability, duplicate coverage and lower cost of source data, as well as determining the extent of land cover changes and land use prediction using the models used in Research can be a good alternative to costly methods of discovering change in the shortest time possible. Other objectives of this study were to use satellite imagery and LCM tools to detect changes occurring in the region during the study years 2000–2008 and 2008–2017. Therefore, multi-layer neural network method was used to detect the changes. Examination of changes from 2000 to 2008 showed an increase in urban class area, with the city area increasing from 6793.91 hectares in 2000 to 8940.41 hectares in 2008. The highest increase in urban area was observed from 2008 to 2017 after image classification. During the study periods, paddy, forest and wilderness land use has been steadily declining, and vegetation use has had a protective role as urban land use. In this study, the prediction of physical growth in the city of Rasht in the coming years (2027) was investigated. This is how the 2017 forecast map was first derived using the CA-MARKOV model. Comparison of the results of the prediction map with that of the image classification showed high accuracy. The 2027 forecast map also shows a significant increase in urban land use by 14105.04 hectares in the coming years. Considering the results, it is possible to study changes in vegetation cover and to prevent its unnecessary changes and transformations. Because vegetation plays an important role in reducing environmental issues in urban areas. In contrast, the disappearance of vegetation causes severe environmental crises in relation to the rapid growth of urbanization and the formation of the thermal island of the city. As a result, vegetation is considered as an indicator of environmental sustainability in urban communities. Therefore, proper vegetation management is considered as an integral part of any sustainable urban development. Since degradation of vegetation and rising surface temperature can have adverse effects on the environment, identifying environmental sensitivities (crises) caused by this factor is essential as it can play an important role in urban development management.

  This research aim at identification of the factors affecting the stock price synchronicity and their ranking in a sample of 1030 years-companies from the Tehran Stock Exchange in the years 2006 to 2015. This research takes a sample that was selected through systematic elimination method, and examines the effects of macroeconomic variables (economic growth, inflation and unemployment rate), corporate governance system (institutional shareholder, concentration of ownership, and independence of the board), audit quality, agency problems (free cash flow, complexity of operations and information asymmetry), and company information characteristics (profit sustainability, conservatism, earning smoothing and opaque) on stock price synchronicity based on data mining methods (including neural network model and C5 tree model). The results showed in corporate governance, the focus of ownership (based on the percentage of free float) and the independence of the board; in agency problems, the information asymmetry; in company information characteristics, the conservatism and opaque; and from macroeconomic variables, the economic growth have the most impact on the stock returns synchronicity. Also, the information asymmetry has the most impact on stock return synchronization based on different criteria. Given that the stock price synchronicity is considered the indication of stock price informativeness (the extent of access to specific company information) and efficiency of capital allocation, therefore, it is recommended to the capital market activists to pay special attention to the factors affecting this variable to improve their decisions.

According to the economics of transaction cost, trades in markets include side costs and philosophy of forming entities is minimizing these costs. Many studies have been conducted in developing countries suggesting that high transaction costs in credit market and this reduces the efficiency of credit institutions in financial markets. This study in first stage, describes the transaction costs imposed on credit institutions­ and the factors affecting them from the traditional model of transaction cost economics and also introduced the "relationship lending with the customers" as a variable that points to reduce the information asymmetry between the borrower and the credit institute. The impact of these variables on the Williamson model will be examined. This study methodology is based on discussion from the experts, questionnaire and neural network model for data collection and analysis. Credit institutes under this study have been collected as a random sample from banks in Tehran .These banks had been authorized by central bank of Iran till March 2012. The results shows that with the introduction of the independent variable "lending relationships" the effect of the independent variables "investment in specific assets", "special collaterals", "degree of uncertainty for the credit institute" and "difficulty in measuring employee performance" on variable of transaction costs of lending will be reduced.

The main aim of this paper is analysing the role of social capital on rural development. Research study area is Chahar Dangeh district in Savejbolagh County of Alborz province. Research sample is determined through Cochran's model as 380 households. Required data has been collected based on field study and some documents. Research questionnaire validity is calculated through Cranach's alpha (0/75) and its reliability is measured through viewpoints of experts. Collected data are analyzed through statistical test including T-test, Regression and neural network model. Result shows that there is meaningful relationship between level of social capital and rural development, in which, components of participation, Knowledge and trust are more determinants factor. Results of neural network model depicted those variables such as participation, trust and knowledge has the most important role on the development process, while the role of social coherence and social network is more limited.