جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "oil movement" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

Social movements in the Iranian contemporary history were generally doomed to failure prior to the Islamic revolution. Oil nationalization is one of these futile movements. While on Tir 30th , 1331 a large mass of social forces were mobilized, one year later, on Mordad 28th coup d’ etat, such a mobilization did not take place and it was how the oil movement declined without any serious public resistance. In this article, relying on the concept of organization in the theory of mobilization of resources proposed by Charles Tilly , we try to explain the reasons why such a procedure took place. In the same vein, first, while referring to historical resources, it is explicated that this national movement suffered from disorganization; the causes of which will then be surveyed. According to the findings of this study, one of the main discovered reasons was loss of proper ethics and political culture and lack of collective cooperation. In fact, the cycle of ‘’autocracy, distrust, and individualism’’ results in a culture which makes organizational acts inoperative or even impossible in turn. Consequently, by the time favorable political culture is missing, the success of social movements could not be attained and movements like oil movement were doomed even when foreign pressures were ineffective.

Intellectual orientation in Iran during 1330s AH, like other parts of the world, was a kind of struggle with American Capitalism. Intellectual part of leftist movement in 1330s AH was influenced by global struggles in one way or another. However, factional movement had an eye to the over the borders and received its orders and pamphlets directly from Moscow. In 1350s AH, the "Tudeh Party" and Marxist movements attempted to create an eclectic version of Marxism mixed with Islam. They mobilized themselves in cabal houses and committed revolutionary assassinations and events such as what happened in Siahkal. However, the crisis of Esfand 14th and Banisadr's escape from Iran and developments regarding their disqualification in elections moved leftist groups to the streets. This article is aimed at studying developments of these groups as well as their similarity and differences in their intellectual orientation and behavior during these two decades.