جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « oriented » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Introduction Semi-automated extraction of selected landform types from land-surface models such as digital elevation models (DEMs), curvatures, and slope gradients is of particular interest in geomorphology, hydrology and related fields(Eisank et al,2010:1). Geomorphometry is the science of quantitative land-surface analysis (Pike, 1995, 2000a; Rasemann et al., 2004). The morphometry of landforms perse, by or without the use of digital data, is more correctly considered part of quantitative geomorphology (Thorn, 1988; Scheidegger, 1991 Leopold et al., 1995; Rhoads and Thorn, 1996).
Evans (1972) was the first person that divided Geomorphometry in two branches the general and special Geomorphometry, in special Geomorphometry More is be discussed landforms and geomorphic processes such as glaciers and runoff in geomorphometry terrain segmentation is an approach for structuring terrain data such as digital elevation model(DEM) via derived land-surface into spatially discrete plan-view areas known as terrain units(strobl,2008).The shape of terrain, i.e. landforms, influence the flow of surface water, transport of sediments, soil production, and determines climate on local and regional scales, furthermore, natural phenomena like vegetation are directly influenced by landform patterns and their relative position across the landscape Landforms although have different meaning to different disciplines, they reveal common physiological and morphological characteristics of terrain which may guide through understanding past and present processes acting on terrain and provide necessary information to related disciplines about land characteristics and potentials(Gerçek, 2010:9). In this study, using MRS algorithms and Ecognition software have been studied glacial landforms the northern slopes of Sabalan.
Methodology In this study, the DEM and derivative of its, have been used in order to extract glacial landforms. To prepare the digital elevation model layer have been used of topographic maps with 1: 25000 scale. Profile curvature, plan curvature and mean curvature are three important layers used in this study.The semi-automated methods refer to the automatic procedures of extracting landform based-process. This is mainly relying on unsupervised isodata classification, pixel-based clasification (supervised /subpixel classifier based on training material), analysis of digital elevation models (DEM), algorithms, hydrological modelling and object oriented analysis (Nabil and Moawad, 2014:42). In this study object-oriented methods and Ecognition software is used for classification and extraction of landforms.
Results and discussion In this study, we are looking for are extracted cirques the northern slopes of Sabalan. This area because of the high altitude receives high humidity this precipitation is mainly in the form of snow and is appropriate for the formation of glacier and for cirques. A cirque is one of the most prominent forms of glacial erosion (Embleton and Hamann, 1988). According to Evans (2004: 154) cirques are “hollows formed at glacial sources in mountains and partly enclosed by steep, arcuate slopes (headwalls)”. In general cirques exhibit concave shape in both plan and profile direction, with a size ranging from hundreds of metres to a few kilometers (Glasser and Bennett, 2004). They are typically composed of a cirque crest, a steep headwall, and a gentler cirque floor often filled by a cirque lake. For extraction of circus having profile curvature, plan curvature and mean curvature layers is necessary. With respect to this aforementioned layers were obtained in the SAGA software.
Scale parameter is a crucial threshold that determines the maximum allowed heterogeneity for segmentation, which has a direct influence on the size of the objects to be obtained. Scale parameter is recognized after a trial and error process (Gerçek, 2010:115). In this study ultimately scale of 36 was selected for the segmentation.
Extracting ridge line position is very important in determining and identifying the the cirque. According to the morphometry of this landforms for classification the ridge were used convex shapes in layers.
In general, the convex shape of the ridge is determined by the positive values in mean and plan curvature. The Ecognition software and MRS algorithm was used for the execution of the model and Segmentation of the layers. Ridge layer was obtained by defining morphometriy characteristics of the ridge and comparing the results with field data. Finally, according to the semantic model of research, the relevant rules defined in Ecognition software and was extracted circus position.
Conclusion In this study glacial landforms (circus) were extracted with semi-automatic approach and by using object-oriented approach in northern slopes of Sabalan. The Result of research were presented in the form of a map which shows the location circuses.

Tendency to moral norms, especially in students, indicates the purpose and intent of the act to ethical principles and shows the results of behavior. The present study aims to evaluate the student's tendency to moral oriented task.
This is a descriptive- correlation study. The population includes all students of Islamic Azad University of Lorestan. By Cochran sampling, 400 students were selected as a sample group. Data were collected by research made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21.
The results showed that the tendency to moral norms in young people are as followed: religious norms (average 82/33), benefit-oriented ethical norms (average 64/31), virtue-oriented ethical norms (mean 21/29), emotion-oriented norms (average 36/24) and the task-oriented ethical norms (average 24/16).
The results has shown great tendency to moral norms. Pious nature and ethics of human-friendly show that people in the age of adolescence and youth, which is the psychological equivalent identification, and adhere to the ethical issues of morality in different trends are headed.

The goal of the present research is to investigate relationship between organizational culture and management accounting methods in firms in Tehran Stock Exchange. Data collection tools were a standard organizational culture questionnaire by Hofstede and a researcher made questionnaire about management accounting.
The statistical society for this research involves financial managers and accounting technicians of all manufacturing companies in Tehran Stock Exchange and 121 firms were chosen as research sample. Two questionnaires were appropriated for every company, one presented for financial manager and another one was for accountants. From 242 distributed questionnaires, 87 questionnaires were filled by managers and 104 questionnaires were collected from. Studying and comparing correlation coefficients between the two groups of managers and technicians showed that the elements such as individual-oriented, power distance, manliness, short-term horizon, and avoiding lack of confidence among manager's group have had a significant and positive relationship with applying management accounting methods in sample firms, the variable of avoiding lack of confidence has had the highest amount of relationship with management accounting methods. Meanwhile, this relationship has been reported to be negative in technician’'s group. Thus, we can conclude that the application and usage of managerial accounting methods which are from modern tools for management decision making relate to organizational culture especially to avoiding lack of confidence. That is different from the approaches of two groups who apply these methods.

Developing and increasing technology-oriented and high tech products export is one of the most important goals of Iran long term strategies. Exporting technology-oriented goods & services is the culmination of scientific & technological activities which may lead to sustainable employment, great surplus value, national power and wealth for the country. In this paper, technology- oriented export companies of Pardis technology Park which are under supervision of presidential science and technology deputy have been studied. In this regard, by using exploratory mixed method, Facilitator factors affecting technology-oriented goods has been recognized by qualitative research through directional qualitative content analysis method in five categories (Chamber of Commerce, presidential science and technology deputy, government in macro level, international partners and cooperative level). At the next step these factors have been analyzed using interpretive structural modeling and Dematel method which are soft modeling approaches. Factors of casual relationships and also their interpretive structural graded model were extracted and factors relating to the government clusters are recognized as the most important Enablers for developing technology-oriented goods.

Budget as the heart of policy-making process and budgeting as the most important process of decisionmaking in public institutions has the importance that their reform are considered as the reform of the government and the state affairs; reform that should focus on learning toward better budgeting because budget reflects the government's activities and policies. This is while the accomplished researches and the introduction of multiple budgeting systems over the past years, has a story of the inefficiency of common budgeting systems in most countries; spreading this situation to our country persuaded the researchers to study in this case besides considering related observations to social and historical tissue. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the characteristics of an ofsystem in viewpointappropriate public budgeting budgeting andoffieldand connoisseurs inexperts studying various perspectives in this area. Research method has been thematic analysis and main tool for data collection was interview. According to analysis of gathered data, five main themes with a set of sub-theme were identified as the headings of "realism and technology-driven", "reform-oriented and learning", "scientism and Knowledge-driven", "goal-oriented" and "value-oriented". It seems that taking into account these themes in government budgeting system and move toward the budget and budgeting reform, can be hoped that this important document guide society to excellence in learning path towards development and progress..

This research will consider the relation between relativisional corruption of moral judgment of auditors in a group including 192 auditors incumbent in auditory organization and private sector based on the social connections . This theory (premise) interprets and analyses the economic activities based on social relations amongst different social groups. In this theory ( premise)the structure of social network is an important source to assess the vocational and economic opportunities. The present research is of descriptive nature and its means (tool) is questionnaire. The permise (principal) or assumption have been by Logistic regression . The results of research shows that there are significant direct relations between moral judgment of auditors and relativisional corruption. Also the results indicate that the level of relativisional corruption and moral judgment is equal amongst female and male, private and public , and even differed grades of auditors.

Each society requires a kind of management according to its structure and attainment of the goals it has been planned for. The idea of management is not new. Long time ago, human had noticed the necessity of using all the facilities and leading them towards scheduled ideals. The kind of managing and leading the society depends on the cultural structure of it. So the way of management and internalizing it get the high importance. From the Islamic point of view, as Imam Ali (a.s.) explained it, the government is the responsibility loaded by God on the governors and has a defined framework and discipline. Many books and articles have been written on the justice-center and people-oriented government of Imam Ali (a.s.).This paper discusses the way of internalizing of those principles of management presented by Him on the base of Islamic divine school. Imam Ali (a.s.) tried abundantly, in his short period of Caliphate, for the governors who were appointed as Islamic caliphates to base their government on justice, human dignity, and viewing the government as a trustee of God. He invited them to adhere, during their caliphate, to the ethic fundamentals, God-centeredness, God- fearing and love of human. This is the only way of salivation of the human being and the development of society on behalf of governors as Imam Ali (a.s.) describes it.

The purpose of this research was to recognize the effect of professional partnership Care-oriented teaching model on nursing students’ psychomotor clinical competencies in teaching training credits on Jondi Shapoor medical university in 7th - semester nursing students in Ahvaz. The quasi-experimental research had two control and experimental groups. The population was all 7 semester nursing students. There were 40 students in this research and they divided in to two 20 student groups. The experimental research was done in 10 sessions. The control group was taught traditionally and the experimental group was taught by using professional partnership Care-oriented teaching model, at the end of the sessions they were tested by a posttest. The instrument was a research-made questionnaire of “ Investigating the nursing students’ clinical competency in the intensive care unit in 2013”.The validity of this research was confirmed by a group of university professors and clinical instructors and its reliability was calculated 0.93 by Cranach alpha. To analyze data, the descriptive statistics were used (mean, and standard deviation) and also SPSS 22 and the non-parametric test of Mann-Whitney were used in the inferential statistics. Training with professional partnership Care-oriented teaching model on nursing students’ Psychomotor clinical competencies was meaningful (P˂0.001, test statistics= -5.307) and it increased nursing students’ clinical competency in psychomotor domain.

Transformation of the con cept of state from Ab solute Mon archy to Const itutional Mona rchy and then Dic tatorial Mon archy resulted in Isla mic Repu blic by Imam Komeini (RAH) as the orisian of the concept.
based on state the ories , the resea rch is dealing w ith the questi on that what ty pe of sta te is the idealistic state from the view point of Imam Khom eini (RAH), in the light of “ concept ” ( mechanic al and o rganic ) , “ structure ” ( maxi mal and mi nimal ) and “ the ory ” (explan atory and pres criptive) .
Reg arding the qu estion , some o ther quest ions are also asked : what is th e concept of state? What is the nature and origin of state?
The main assumption of the r esearch is that the id ealist ic state in Imam Kho meini's political thought-despite distin ctions with the Western the ories of state- has some features of mechanical and organi c state, and also has so me features of prescriptive and exp lanatory states and his viewpoint of st ate structura lly is supervisory and coo perative states .
Transformation of the con cept of state in Europe initiated from th e liberal states and resulted in liberal democracy in the age of g lobalization . Based on the trend, transformation of state in the con tempor aryy Iran has been investiga ted. In the Islamic Rep ublic of Iran, the co ncept of democracy c ombined with the Islamic concepts by Ima m Khomeini as the founder of the Islamic Republic . After the dea th of Imam, the theory of Islamic state was theoretically challen ged by the governing bo dy of Iran .

The aim of this study was to assess the effective indicators on transformation-oriented Leadership from the perspective of Youth and Sports General Department staff in Alborz Province. this study was a descriptive - analytic survey which was applicable in terms of its purpose and was fieldwork in terms of the methodology. Subjects of the present study were selected from all employees of the General Department of Youth and Sports in Alborz province (52 employees). Castiglione (2006) transformational leadership Standardized questionnaire was used to collect data in which Cronbach's alpha coefficient Obtained (0/98). Descriptive statistics and the KS test, UMann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis tests were used at the significant level α= 0/05 in order to analyze the data. The results showed the highest mean of variables related to the component of the charismatic characteristics (3/20 ±0/85) and the lowest one was belonged to the component of individual motivation (3/03 ± 0/86). Kruskal-Wallis test results also indicated that there was a significant relationship (sig=0/039) between the components of charismatic characteristics and the employment status of staff. The results of this study express that the most important factor in transformation-oriented Leadership is the charismatic characteristics of Leaders. Therefore, it is recommended that Leaders try to improve this effective component in transformation-oriented Leadership with creating the informal relationships, enhancing the communication with employees and attaching importance to the individual and organizational values accepted by the staff in order to make progress and effectiveness in the organization, consequently.

In this study we examine the relation between modes of innovation and human resource characteristics in knowledge- based firms that are located at Tehran University and Pardis Parks of Technology. We first surveyed the characteristics of human capital in the knowledge-based firms and found that there are four modes of innovation; Science-based, IT-oriented, Market- oriented, and Cost-oriented process innovations. The purpose of this study was to answer the question: Given that different modes of innovation in these firms require different human capital characteristics, do these firms employ human capital that correspond to their modes of innovations? The results of study show that human capital characteristic of the firms do not match significantly to their modes of innovation. We compared our results with studies conducted in European countries and found out there are consistency between human resource characteristics and modes of innovation in some of these countries. In addition, our results show that firms with market-based mode of innovation, have the highest rate of consistency in their human resource and mode of innovation strategies.

The purpose of this study is Investigating the role of managerial humor on positive organizational behavior-oriented of staff. The research method is descriptive and correlational. Statistical society of this research includes all managers and employees of Ilam Petrochemical Company that ther are 400 individuals. By using Morgan table 196 persons were selected for the sample. The sampling method is simple random sampling. The results of research show that managerial humor has significant influence on positive organizational behavior-oriented of staff. Also, the dimensions of managerial humor (Pleasure from humor, laugh, verbal joke, humor in social relations and humor in stressful situation) have significant influence on positive organizational behavior-oriented of staff.

Given the increasing importance of marketing concept, market-oriented is one of the basic classifications in research at strategic marketing. Market orientation is some activities that an organization does to monitor, analyze of changes in market, such as customer preferences, rapid technological development and competitive intensity and respond them appropriately. In this study, the effect of market orientation activity on performance of manufacturing companies export and exporters by using Slater and Narver scale is discussed. According to this scale, the central market includes three components: customer orientation, competitor orientation and inter-sectorial coordination. The method of research is descriptive – survey. Manufacturing companies exporting from the customs Bushehr considered as a population study and data, which are randomly distributed between 91 companies, is obtained. The reliability of questionnaire was approved based on internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) with relatively high safety factors. Although the standard scales have been used, but to further evaluate the validity of questionnaire by experts has been used. The test of research hypotheses is evaluated based on inferential statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients statistics and simple regression analysis and multi-variable. The results imply endorsement impact of market-based activities on performance. Also positive impact of customer orientation, competitor orientation and inter-sectorial coordination on export performance was confirmed.

The aim of this study was to compare the perceived motivational climate among male and female athletes in team sports. The athletes 269 from 12th Iranian student sport Olympia completed the PMCSQ-2 questionnaire. The MANOVA analysis showed significant difference between men and women in self-punishment in ego-orientation dimension and also¡ showed significant difference between the three different teams in self-oriented dimensions and in important role & cooperative learning subscales. It can be said that studied scales were the factors that influence the psychological preparation and suggested that coaches and sport psychologists¡ consider to climate in sports teams according to gender and sport as one of the effective factors on sports performance .

Human potential in the field of learning, introduction, many studies have been done, but unfortunately none has been able to provide a comprehensive picture of the totality of human learning offer. Given the learning and can lead to disciplinary scientists in the knowledge leads to his spiritual evolution

A feature of the tribalandtribal communities and tribalstructure is usually "Khishavand gerayi". Heterogeneityin terms ofethnic groups, minorities and geographicaldiversity usually reduces thenational integration of thegovernment. The present research, aims to study the role ofclan-oriented traditions in the level of socialsecurity of the citizens. The methodology used inthis research is descriptive-analytica land practical-theoretical. The information was gathering by library research and field research; questionnaires were distributed and interviews were done with residents of Izeh. The population of thisresearch includes all citizens above15 in Izeh. A sample of 348 individualsis obtained through Cochran formula. And finally,the information was analyzed with thespss softwareusingPearson and Spearmantest. The results arepresentedin the tables. GIS software for map editing Helpingtake. Theresults show that52.6 percent ofparticipants were women and 45.1 percent ofparticipants were men. 36.5 percent were single and 50.9 percent were married. 55.2 percent of the citizens of Izeh contend that their sense of social insecurity has its roots in the tribal culture of Izeh. 40 percent of the citizens are prejudiced about their clan.43 percent of the citizens state that tribal conflicts are the source of their social insecurity.55.2 Environment tribe town, 43.0 Percentis viewedsense of insecuritycausedtribeclashes. 21.5 Percentthetribeconflictshave leftwhere you live.19.0 Percentat the timeclashes between tribesintown atmosphere do did not come and go. There is a significant direct relation between education, prejudiced opinions about ethnicity, and sense of social insecurity. And, there is negative significant relation between having tribal prejudices and feeling socially insecure.

Analyses of ancient civilizations new shows can never in the history of civilization count civilization deep and lasting outline their progress without science and moral interests and deep religion to know your audience. Beneficial science phenomenon can be useful and effective products and institutionalize the highest level of attractiveness in the global technology inventors and explorers community name to establish production of wealth, and the unity of religious orientation that is consistent with human nature in him seeking Right, good willing and rejecting oppression and assistance to the dedication and sacrifice he makes to support the richness of a civilization and culture. The main question of this article is to note the subsequent key by combining the benefits of science and theistic religion in the evolution of how modern civilization can produce synergies and promote their cultural and moral religion and what are the roles of moral religion in this application? The assumption is that science provides beneficial and ethical monotheistic religion and religiosity of modern civilization in context of human society, today and tomorrow. This research used "crossover effect" and thus can determine the foresight to do that three trends of source of production and management efficiency benefits both science and moral religion in the face of intersection with each other in good and evil, virtue the emergence of competition and confrontation between civilization and religious material that when guidance, compliance, alignment and synergy index of science and religion can give birth to modern civilization immobilized in the near future.

In this article it is tried the political culture of Iranian society in a qualitative range of authoritarianism to democratic, to be analyzed. Theoretical perspectives on the political culture of Iran have been formed, Analyzes different and sometimes conflicting with each other are provided; A set of views, political culture of Iran has introduced with characteristics and features of undemocratic and authoritarian. And another group, democratic indexes attributed to it;including the indexes emphasis on high-amount political participation in the different election periods. In this study, using a quantitative survey based on fuzzy data, the political culture of the city of Urmia and Khorramabad, that have the lowest and highest rates electoral participation, is analyzed. Using empirical evidence, will be measured theories and views of Iranian political culture. For this purpose amount membership of citizens in the two sets political culture together were measured:self-expression values against survival values and rational values against traditional values, determines the patterns of their political culture. Research results shows that the pattern of political culture Urmia and Khorramabad somewhat similar to each other. Contrary to previous thought, in none of the two cities, there is no single homogeneous political culture. Thus political values of the masses, that is a set of democratic and authoritarian tendencies ambivalent. And more importantly, the political culture of citizens is not consistent with their electoral participation rate. Thus the argument that the high electoral participation would represent a standard for promotion of political culture and Its democratic that is not consistent with reality.