جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « post » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

he invasion of British, Soviet, and American forces in September 1941 led to the abdication of Reza Shah, resulting in Iran’s involuntary entry into a war that had various implications in political, economic, and social aspects. According to Article B of the Tripartite Agreement, the Iranian government was obliged to place all its communication facilities, including telephone, telegraph, and wireless services, at the disposal of the Allies. Thus, throughout the war, the Allied powers took control of telegraph and postal services. Documents indicate that the unrestricted operation of the Allies in employing the postal and telegraph communication system facilitated their full-scale interference in Iranian domestic affairs, leading to the disruption of the economic system and incurring numerous damages in various sectors of the Iranian economy. This research evaluates and investigates foreign domination over the postal and telegraph systems as an example of these consequences.While in recent years, there has been a growing trend of examining World War II and investigating its causes, backgrounds, and outcomes, many documents and records related to Iran are still preserved in archival centers in the form of data, which can provide a clear narrative of Iran’s situation during and after the war. The present research aims to investigate the conditions of Iran in this period through the lens of the postal and telegraph situation, relying on the available documents in Iranian archival sources. This article seeks to answer the following questions: What were the effects of the Tripartite Agreement imposed on Iran, as a result of the occupation during World War II on the state of Iran's postal and telegraph services? What was the significance of interference in postal and telegraph services for the Allied governments? How did the Iranian government react to foreign interference? This research endeavors to provide clear answers to these questions by using documents and analyzing historical data.

This article uses a descriptive-analytical approach. The subject is initially described comprehensively and then a historical analysis is conducted by utilizing the documents available in Iranian archives.

Following the occupation of the country by foreign forces during World War II, internal affairs in Iran were severely disrupted, and as a result, key sectors of the economy such as agriculture, industry, railways, postal and telegraph services, and foreign trade suffered serious damage. These events took place due to the presence of Allied forces. The Allies, through interfering in various political, economic, and social spheres during the war, took control of the country's vital administrative arteries, not only causing disruptions but also inflicting significant financial losses. One of the important economic sectors of the country was the postal and telegraph communication system, which, albeit at great expense, arrived in Iran with British and Russian support and it was a significant source of government revenue. With the occupation of Iran, this source of income fell into the hands of the Allied powers, leading to a decrease in its revenue. Disruption in the operations of merchants and traders, who relied on the postal and telegraph system to conduct business within and outside Iran, resulted in their financial losses. Reduction in the level of services provided by ministries, departments, and organizations related to economic and financial matters, as well as the reduction in the government revenue due to people’s payments for postal and telegraph expenses, are among the consequences of Allied interference in this crucial communication sector. With the occupation of Iran, not only did the postal and telegraph lose its role as an income source, but significant financial burdens were also imposed on the Iranian people and government.

Based on the research findings, the Allies, using the Tripartite Agreement, laid the groundwork for their direct interference in postal and telegraph services. This led to disruptions in trade, a reduction in the level of services provided by ministries, departments, and organizations related to economic and financial matters, a decrease in Iranian government revenue due to people’s payments for postal and telegraph expenses, and ultimately, a reduction in government revenue from this important economic source.

During the spread of COVID-19, pharmaceutical businesses experienced fundamental changes in their usual sales and organization. These changes forced the active businesses in the industry to review the common methods of information and advertising, and highlighted the necessity of using digital advertising in product marketing. The paradigm shift has made many of the common models in digital advertising ineffective, and on the other hand, created the need to develop a model based on internal requirements which is suitable for the post-COVID era. The research was conducted with the Grounded Theory Approach and based on the review of the research literature along with the analysis of opinions of drug industry experts and digital advertising experts as well. The data was collected using the interview protocol and its validity and reliability were confirmed. This research has recognized that the realization of digital advertising in the post-COVID era requires the existence of preconditions. Digital advertising includes constructs of content production, message personalization, message presentation, digital media, physical advertising tools, validation of reference groups, payments, message type, media management, event creation, audience segmentation strategy, digital marketing knowledge management, competitive analysis and target audience management. These lead to the expected results under the influence of contextual and intervening factors and using practical strategies.

Marketing policy is a set of principles and rules in the field of marketing that guide the decisions of the organization. Policies are framed by the organization's senior management to act as a solution for operational decision-making.

In recent years, with the advent of the corona virus, many people have reduced their side activities. The spread of new strains of the virus is spreading rapidly. Therefore, considering the importance of this field, the present study has presented a digital marketing model in the retail industry with an emphasis on post-corona.

The qualitative statistical population of the research has been done by available sampling method to 35 experts and the quantitative statistical population is all experts and activists in the marketing industry. In this study, the required data were first collected by documentary analysis method.

Then, in order to examine the views of experts, thinkers, managers and professors, the semi-structured interview method has been used and to reach the final model, the Delphi test has been used.

The final results of the test are in the form of four areas: digital marketing planning, use of social networks, digital marketing performance, and customer engagement and participation.

Iran has close historical and economic ties with Central Asia, which provides a strong foundation for establishing relations with each other. The geographical location of Central Asian countries creates opportunities for cooperation with Iran. The Islamic Republic of Iran has increasingly sought to engage in the Central Asian region to secure its national interests and diversify its economy, as well as to avoid global isolation resulting from international sanctions. In recent years, Iran and Tajikistan have increased their mutual cultural and scientific cooperation and projects, and most of these activities have been carried out in Tajikistan. Iran and Turkmenistan have also established bilateral relations after independence. Iran has defended Turkmenistan's "neutrality" foreign policy and its hesitant attitudes towards the independent countries of the Commonwealth of Nations. The present research, using descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to answer the question, what are the strategies of Iran's foreign policy in these two republics? Have the strategies been effective enough to secure Iran's national interests in these two countries or not? The findings of the research show that by analyzing the effective political drivers in the relations between the parties, Iran's foreign policy in the two countries of Tajikistan and Turkmenistan has not been in accordance with the bilateral potentials, and only in the last two years, with the adoption of a look-to-the-east foreign policy, the relations between the parties have taken a development track.

Every part of a conversation is related to what comes before or after, however, there is sometimes a long gap between the beginning and the end topic of the conversation. Hobbs (1990) calls this phenomenon “topic drift” and defines 4 types of coherence relations responsible for topic drift. Since the messages are displayed in a reverse chronological order and subsequently it is not obvious to which message the comment refers, maintaining coherence in multi-user computer-mediated communication is rather difficult. Moreover, intervening messages are observed among the messages that logically form a chain. As a result, one can consider the existence of coherence relations and analyze topic drift in conversations occurring on social media. In this paper, we have attempted to use Hobbs (1990) and Herring and Nix’s (1997) framework to investigate the coherence relations among 27 posts and 4881 comments on Instagram. In comments related to the main post, the order of coherence relations was “on topic and semantic parallelism” with the distances 3, 2 and 1 respectively, “break” with the distance 4, “explanation” with the distances 3, 2, and 1, and “metatalk” with the distances 0, 4, 3, 1, and 2. In comments forming intervening chains, the order of coherence relations can be defined as: “on topic” with distance 0, “explanation” with distances 1, 3 and 2, “Semantic parallelism” with distance 1, 3 and 2 and “metatalk” with distance zero and 2.

The imposition of Iraq's invasion and the unified protection of people from their land and their beliefs are the complex multifaceted crises in contemporary Iranian history. One of the foundations that reflect the evolution of the discursive formations of this historical practice is dramatic texts. In this research, based on the critical discourse analysis of Fairclugh, the main characters of the "Attending Time" (Hossein Jafari), "Drop of Voice of the Sea" (Mohammad Mehdi Rasooli), "Komayl Channel" (Seyyed Hossein Fadaei Hussein) And "31/6/77" (Alireza Naderi), written between 1981 and 2006, aimed at achieving the fundamental components of discourse and how they interact with the critical conditions of war. These plays have been selected base on a selective targeting method from works published at various levels of warfare performed by professional groups and honored at national festivals.The findings of this study revealed three key discourses in terms of representing warriors and the crisis of war: war and revolutionary / Islamic ideology, sacred defense, and ultimately post-antiwar. In the context of the first discourse, the self-prescriptive image of the warriors in the explanation of the ideology of the Islamic Revolution, the history of Shi'ism, and the defense of the land comes with the ruling discourse. In the second stage and after the continuation and expansion of the cultural sphere of war, this approach has become a form of epistemological and divine self-expression, and the mystical aspects of it become more intense in the framework of the will of the power institution. But after the end of the war and the advent of widespread social changes, there is a critical look at hiding the values of the sacred defense discourse and confronting confiscation and exploitation, and ultimately brings about an anti-war approach and a questioner through The entropy of the ruling discourse offers an alternative relationship to the underlying background of the war event.

the present study aimed to investigate the effect of employee empowerment on knowledge sharing in Post and Telecommunication Company in Shiraz city. The statistical population consists of 210 people of all employees working in the PTC of Shiraz city. The sample size was determined 132 people according to Morgan table. Since this research discovers new facts and gives immediate answer to a question, it can be classified as an applied research by purpose. In addition, the Methodology approach to research is of descriptive-survey type that a standard questionnaire which its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.799) was used to collect the date. The smart PLS software was employed to analyze the data. The results showed that knowledge empowerment of employees on knowledge sharing has a significant impact on knowledge.

The purpose of this study was to comparison of the severity of depression symptoms and the speed of information processing among patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and normal adolescents. The research design was causal-comparative. The research population consisted of normal adolescents and adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder in the city of Karaj in the winter of 2018. The sample consisted of 52 participants (26 patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and 26 normal people) which were selected by Convenience method, and matched according to age and gender. Data were collected from child depression inventory (CDI) and WISC-IV Test. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The findings showed that in comparison with normal people, patients with post-traumatic stress disorder show a higher level of negative mood, higher self-esteem and inefficiency, and lower processing speed. However, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of lack of pleasure and Relationship problems. Therefore, it can be concluded that in comparison with normal adolescents, adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder are more prone to experiencing mood symptoms and cognitive problems such as weaknesses in information processing. As a result, attention to these issues is essential in the treatment of people with posttraumatic stress disorder.

The Inheritance of Loss: A Quest for ‘Home’ in the Purgatory of Diaspora This article focuses on the notion of “non-places” and the effect it exerts on the identity of Diasporic minority through the perspectives of cultural studies and a postcolonialism. Deploying Marc Auge and Rogers Brubaker, the writer has tried to elaborate how the neo-imperial discourse has been able to re-establish its hierarchical system of “the self/ the other” through the newly introduced notion of “good global citizenry.” To this end, Kiran Desai’s awarded work, The Inheritance of Loss (2006), is discussed to delineate how the notion of “non-places” has its roots in the neo-imperial discourse. It is argued that the West, despite its attempt at racial demarcation and minority effacement, has failed to stop the formation of a new pattern of Diaspora—post-Diaspora--- which foregrounds “situational ethnicity,” and as a result, “fluid identity” and redefined cultural geography in post-global era.

There was no systematic communication system on the Qajar era, The country suffered serious damage during a relatively long period of conflict and political. struggles for power. Many of the communication infrastructure of the transportation network, especially Chaparkhaneh, was destroyed. At the time of Nader Shah, even the soldiere working in these centers were called to battlefields.As a result , no formal organization to send information from one part to another part of the country. Even between the governors and the federal government did not exist. Deep and extensive information was created on communication lines and transportation network in the Pahlavi era. Sashes were made. There fore the cental post office building was built in Tehran and some large urban areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the process of formation and development of a new pot institution in Iran. The methodology of this historical research is an analytical type based on library studies and reviews and archival docments. The data collection was interpreted and investigated after reviewing them.

Today we are living in the world filled with media, media codes and great crises simultaneously. It can be claimed that many arenas of our life-world are the creation of signs system and accordingly it can set the stage for crisis and the continuation of crises. It seems that if we make this connection especially with respect to the Islamic world in the chaotic region of the Middle East and the West after the September 11 attacks, the significance of the subject will be more obvious. In recent years post-colonial studies, have opened new horizons for researchers regarding media practice. In the present essay by using post-colonial theory the question has been proposed of who and under which conditions are engaging in the creation of discourse of truth instead of the Muslim world? The assumption of this article is that the main part of the Western domination [hegemony] in the cultural realm has been shaped by the media system. Based on evidences and issues of these recent years in the Islamic world (the Middle East), the present essay shows how the function of "media virtualization and truth making" speaks on behalf of the reality of the Islamic civilization. In this essay the descriptive and analytical method has been used and the viewpoints of post-colonial thinkers have been utilized.

Children Literature, especially fiction, has moved away from its classical pre-determined forms and beliefs during the recent years; it has already changed and evolved the narrative aspect of these works. Meanwhile, the efforts of authors of children's fiction along with the structural-content evolutions in literature from one side, and social developments from the other side, as well as transformation of the passive child into an active reader, all have led to Post-modern stories. The story of Mr. Painter and the Naughty Cat written by Farhad Hassanzadeh has challenged the common beliefs about children’s stories; using Post-modernist narrative properties he has not only kept the context believable for the child addressees but also makes them the accepted realities about both stories and the world. Using the Post-modernism properties such as multi and non-singular narrator, metafiction, styles and genres assimilation, and multi-ending are some of the properties of the addressed work which are studied along with pictures in harmony with the text in the current research. Thus putting the child narrator’s voice against the omniscient adult narrator challenging the adult narrator’s authoritative narration. Furthermore, using techniques like quizzes and inviting the child to cooperate in the world of context yet emphasizing the fictional aspect of the book invites the reader to answer questions more creatively and actively.

In this study, precipitation simulated annual and seasonal in north-east of Iran (Great Khorasan) In the period 1987-2011, using RegCM4 dynamic model in two case; with and without using post-processing technique. The required data for RegCM4 model with NetCDf format, received from ICTP center. For the implementation of the main dynamic model, Convective precipitation test scheme and the horizontal resolution, performed for year 2007. According to the test, Kuo Schema had less error than Emmanuel and Gurl schemes in Precipitation and region temperature modeling. Horizontal resolution selected 30 kilometer. After model implementation with Gurl schema and 30 kilometer horizontal resolution, Precipitation and temperature output post- processed using MA model. According to results, in the study area, during 2006-2011 verification period, average annual rainfall raw bias of RegCM4 model was calculated and post-processed equal to 8.3 millimeter and 61.04 respectively. Briefly in the annual time scale, in 75% of studied stations, post-processing is effective and MA model is more efficient. In seasonal scale, bias error of average precipitation is equal to : 54.99 millimeter in the winter, 27011 millimeter in the spring, -3.6 millimeter in the summer and 7.21 millimeter in the fall. Simulation of the temperature data in the stations using RegCM4 and MA model in north-east of Iran, revealed high performance. Bias error of average temperature is equal to -2.78 for RegCM4 model and post-processed equal to -0.05. In all stations, modeled Annual temperature and observational data has difference less than 0/1 ° C. In seasonal scale, the mean bias error range according ° C is equal to: -4.1 in the winter, -4.09 in the spring, -1.8 in the summer and -1.5 in the fall.

South of Iran in 20 decade and after that has been a haywire and full of events location. Southern authors have experienced these events and revolutions and have reflected them in their masterpieces. They show their commitment about their people by drawing of people pains and their difficult situation. Ahmad Mahmoud has touched colonialism calamities, and observing of oil despoliation and poverty have been caused he creates stories that reflect these events. His art makes these historical events as literary and readable works. In this research tried to analyze literary techniques in the novel:” Neighbors”, and several short stories such as:” Port” , and “Our Little Town” by descriptive- analytic and post-colonialism criticism method point of view. This research speaks about devices which this writer has used in expressing the horrors of colonialism and exploitation. He has used objective description for consequences such as poverty, the lack of healthcare facilities, the lack of foodstuffs and etc. in imaginative description, with the use of literary devices, writer have highlighted these consequences and employed symbols, parallelism, similes and metaphor. Sometimes, he shows an impressive and dynamic image from colonialism and oppressed people. Symbol making, however few, is one of techniques which Mahmoud uses to show colonialism oppressions.

Cultural identity might be revealed in group features of human beings sharing many relationships like common history, social and religious descriptions. All cultures represent their identity through different tools and means. It is the representation that gives to any group a picture of itself and others. This process is so important that there a term associated with it, "narrative identity". In this respect, the postcolonial literature portrays the continuous relationship between the colonialist and the colonialized a relation based on submission and subjugation. This situation requires the removal and suppression of the identity, intentionally or unintentionally. The Arab writers who suffered this period creatively and aesthetically reacted to it. They tried through writing, thinking and imagination, to portray different faces of this experience in all its cruelty. These pictures have sought to separate the present identities from the past and be involved in a global race based on cultural competitions beyond, say, military and economic competitions. The novel Chicago by Ala al Aswani employs the phenomena of exile and diaspora, which the characters of the novel have lived or observed, as the embodiment of many of the postcolonial experiences. This novel narrate the moral contrasts between the western and eastern identities. That is, it describes the process through which the slave-master relationship takes shape—how an independent agent becomes a passive entity.

"Cross-dressing" defined as the concept of wearing female dresses by men, and male dresses by women, entered the plots of movies from the early ages of the emergence of cinema, and has still survived. The reason for cross-dressing, according to what has already been witnessed, is to gain the merits of the opposite sex, as well as the progress of the drama by the cross-dressed person. In the current article, the function of cross-dressing has been studied in 18 films of the Iranian cinema, within the poststructuralist framework of Foucault, and the post-feminist approach of Judith Butler. The movies analysis shows that there are themes in which a man dresses like a woman, or a woman dresses like a man in order to prove something to other people, or to get rid of a miserable situation. Most of the considered films are comedies, and in most cases, the films have happy endings. Based on the research findings, cross-dressing of women in the Iranian films are done out of their frustration and despair, and their secret is revealed only when a disgrace takes place, whereas cross-dressing of men is usually carried out for their personal profits.

“Theories of International Relations” written by Scott Burchill and Andrew Linklater is an endeavor for explaining foundation of the theories of IR. and to analyze the principles of each theory. This book is consisted of twelve chapters and tries to analyze the relations among actors in international relations. Although the philosophical approach of the writers cased ambiguity, and insufficient explanation about the great debates especially the methodological one can be considered as flaws of the book, but great logical order and good explanation about new approaches such as International ethics makes this book a suitable book for understanding theories of international Relations. In fact, the verity of the writers caused different ideas and thoughts to be gathered and analyzed in one masterpieces and a good introduction made it understandable for readers. The book is a comprehensive explanation about different approaches and theories in international relations and can be useful for post graduate students.

This article has attempted to answer this question that: How political philosophy has been undergoing transformation and evolution in terms of its themes and contents from the beginning of its formation until now?
This article has shown that Political philosophy passing through truth-oriented, virtue-oriented ethics and eudaimonism which formed within the framework of the hierarchical cosmos/god based attitude and the foundations corresponing with it, consisting of the deductive epistemology and the elitistic anthropology at the pre-modern paradigm, at one hand resulted in one type of diachronic and historical ideas based upon concepts of the right, history and freedom in the humanistic modern paradigm and also resulted in the formation of the group of the critical currents and ones’ which demanding revival of the classic pre-modern political philosophy And eventually political philosophy is transformed to the narrative at the framework of the anti-essentialist, anti-rationalist and anti subject-oriented post-modern paradigm. This article by taking advantage of the paradigmic approach, has presented typology of the political philosophy at the three pre-modern, modern and post-modern paradigm and meantime, has shown the evolution and transformation of themes of the political philosophy.

The purpose of this study was to explain the mediating role of social capital in the relationship between the application of virtual social network and knowledge sharing practices in cyberspace.
The research in terms of the main strategy, was quantitative, in terms of the strategy, was field, and in terms of analytical, was descriptive-post-event technique. The statistical population consisted of postgraduate students users of telegrams social network at Mohaghegh Ardabili University in the academic year of 2016-2017. The sampling method was random. The sample size according to the Kregci-Morgan model and with error α = 0.05, was considered 210 persons. To collect data, virtual social networking questionnaire (with reliability α= 0.70), Social Capital Questionnaire of Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998) (with reliability α= 0.93) and Knowledge Sharing Questionnaire of Bohlool (1392) (with reliability α= 0.93) was used. Validity of the tools was confirmed by the professors of education and psychology. Data were analyzed using two software’s SPSS v. 22 and Lisrel 8.50 and analyzed by structural equation modeling.
The results showed that the proposed model had suitable fit (x2/df=2.96, GFI=0.93, AGFI=0.92, CFI=0.91, NFI=0.93, RMSEA=0.81) and the component of virtual social networking has a direct and indirect effect through the component of social capital on knowledge sharing in cyberspace (P The social network of Telegram, based on its hyperactivity capacity in shaped relationships, has been developing the behavior of user knowledge sharing in the cyberspace. Therefore, educating and developing and continuously monitoring the space of these networks and planning for the future can be a major proposition for virtual domain managers.