جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ramsar destination » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

One important topic in the field of Ecolodge is the study of the business ecosystem of these accommodations. These ecosystems express the structure of the business system, influencing factors, relationships between actors, and the power and position of each factor in the business ecosystem of Ecolodge. The current research aims to evaluate the atmosphere governing the ecotourism business ecosystem based on the views of the owners and local-regional Ecolodge managers.

Design/methodology/approach: 

The current research is descriptive as it examines and evaluates the business environment of Ecolodge in Ramsar city. From the audience’s point of view, it is practical because it leads to awareness of the business environment of Eco-lodges in Ramsar for the owners, local managers, future investors, and researchers in this field. This study is also cross-sectional as the information needed for the research was collected "at" a point in time (Spring 1402). The data collection method was quantitative, and a questionnaire was used to collect the data. The statistical population included Eco-lodge’s "owners" and "local managers" related to the research subject in Ramsar city.

The findings show that from the point of view of the owners of Ecolodge, the status of Ecolodge business ecosystem components in Ramsar city based on the average value in order from first to last includes infrastructure, market, socio-cultural, business, human capital support, education, innovation, and finance. Also, the ranking of the status of business ecosystem components of Ecolodge in Ramsar city is based on the average value from the point of view of local and regional Ecolodge managers, including business, market, infrastructure, socio-cultural, support, capital human, financial, and educational innovation.

The business ecosystem of Ecolodge in Ramsar city, from the owners’ and local-regional managers’ point of view, is "so-so". The components of "finance" and "education and innovation" were evaluated as the weakest components, and the component of "infrastructure" was the most acceptable component of the ecosystem.

Originality/value:

 The framework of the business ecosystem model of Ecolodge should be different from the general framework, and the components related to sustainable development should play a central role in it. This research, using a field study, has tried to investigate the business ecosystem of Ecolodge, using the perspective of stakeholders (owners of Ecolodge and local-regional managers) who influence the transformation and development of this business in Ramsar city.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of tourism service suppliers to the impacts of coastal sports tourism on the economic development of destinations in Ramsar. The research population was the senior and middle managers of all the tourism services suppliers in Ramsar. from which 404 participants were selected as the research sample based on the Cochran formula. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through formal validity. Chronbach's alpha was used to examine the reliability of the questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25. The findings showed that based on the attitude of tourism service suppliers the coastal sports tourism has a significant effect on the economic development of Ramsar tourism. Also, the study showed that there is a direct relationship between the coastal sport tourism variables and economic development of coastal units, including catering facilities, shopping centers, formalities, accommodation, welfare, recreation, and sports, as well as transportation (respectively, the highest intensity to the lowest) in Ramsar. Also, the greatest effects of coastal sports tourism development on regional economic development factors are related to the multiplier effect, income, and employment, respectively. Based on the findings, suggestions were presented.

The risk of the Covid-19 pandemic is not limited to mortality but also brought unbearable psychological pressure to people. The researchers found that the perceived risk of disease outbreak exacerbates anxiety and other negative emotional behaviour that may negatively affect a tourist's intention to travel. Also, when faced with danger, tourists prefer to postpone their itineraries, re-evaluate their destination selection process, and reduce the perceived risk or cancel their travels. The effective Factors on tourists' intention to travel during the Covid-19 can be referred to as perceived self-efficacy, perception of covid-19, cognitive perception of risk, and emotional perception of risk. Numerous studies show that during this period, most travel behaviours are limited and people are less likely to travel or travel with more confidence. But this has been the opposite for Ramsar, which is known as a tourist destination. Despite the critical situation in Mazandaran province, especially this tourist destination, a huge number of tourists entered the city. Therefore, the present study seeks to explain why this issue by examining the effect of tourist’s perceived self-efficacy, cognitive perception and emotional perception of travel risk on their behavioural intention to travel to Ramsar during the outbreak of Covid-19.

The present study is explanatory quantitative research based on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The statistical population of the study was the tourists who came to Ramsar during the Covid-19. The number of statistical samples was estimated at 440 people. Data were collected through a web-based questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: demographic and specialized questions. In the specialized section, four to five items were used to measure each variable: the tourist self-efficacy towards Covid-19 (4 items), the perception of becoming infected with Covid-19 (5 items), the emotional perception of risk (4 items), the cognitive perception of risk (4 items) and the behavioural intention (5 items). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using construct, convergent, divergent, and diagnostic validity, and also its reliability was confirmed by composite reliability and pre-test of 30 prototypes, based on Cronbach's alpha test. Data classification and analysis were performed through SPSS25 and SmartPLS3.

The research findings showed that the tourist emotional perception of risk was higher than other variables. In testing hypotheses, from the tourists' point of view, the tourist self-efficacy of Covid-19 has a negative effect on their perception of Covid-19 (t-Value = 6.842 and β = -0.498). hence, Hypothesis H1 is confirmed. Tourists' perception of becoming infected with Covid-19 has a positive and direct effect on the emotional perception of travel risk (t-Value = 2.883 and β = 0.306), hence the H2 hypothesis is confirmed. Tourists' perception of getting infected by Covid-19 has a positive and direct effect on the cognitive perception of risk (t-Value = 4.790 and β = 0.444), hence the H3 hypothesis is confirmed. Tourists' perception of being infected with Covid-19 has a positive and direct effect on their behavioural intention when traveling to Ramsar (t-Value = 2.232 and β = 0.288), hence the H4 hypothesis is confirmed to be 96 1.96. Tourist emotional perception of risk has a positive and direct effect on their behavioural intention when traveling to Ramsar (t-Value = 3.155 and β = 0.324), hence the H5 hypothesis is confirmed. Tourists cognitive perception of risk has a positive and direct effect on their behavioural intention when traveling to Ramsar (t-Value = 2.035 and β = 0.271), hence the H6 hypothesis is confirmed.

Finally, the present study examines the effects of Covid-19 on changes in behavioural patterns among tourists and shows that given the global warning about recurrence and emergence of infectious diseases such as Covid-19 and the awareness of managers and planners about such diseases, it is necessary to study the perceptions of risk and new tendencies of the travel pattern to facilitate the possibility of planning and compiling appropriate strategies and actions for similar events. Regarding the planning and presentation of strategies, Ramsar destination management just pursues the goals of the government and Ministry of Health and Medical Education, to reduce the spread of the virus in the city, so the issue of tourism is their last priority. In order to tourism be able to return to its original condition quickly, and according to these research findings (which was found that tourist emotional perception of risk (i.e., tourists' concerns in different dimensions) is higher than other variables), they should focus on reducing the travel risk perception of tourists and the Covid-19 threat through implementing the strategy of "travel communications based on Covid-19" in Ramsar.

Events have been increasingly considered as an important parts and production of tourism and it is also regarded as the solution for rejuvenation of tourism destination and attraction of tourists. In the same vein, recognizing the process through which an event could play significant role in the tourists’ satisfaction and loyalty is vital. This research aims to identify and evaluate the role of factors affecting the tourists’ loyalty for local-cultural events in Ramsar tourism destination. The research was applied and descriptive, in terms of correlation based on structural equation modeling according to partial least squares method. Population of study consisted of Iranian tourists visiting the local-cultural events in Ramsar. The sample size was 400 people and the method of Sampling was the simple random. Data were collected through a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS25 and SmartPLS2 software packages. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through content validity and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0.889). The confirmatory factor analysis was used to ensure the reliability of the measurement models. The goodness of fit for the model was equal to (GOF= 0.364) which indicated a great validity of the research model. Based on findings, except for first hypothesis (impact of authenticity of events on quality), eighth hypothesis (impact of quality of events on value) and eleventh hypothesis (impact of quality of events on trust), other hypothesises were confirmed. It was determined that the relevant variables play an important role in loyalty to local-cultural events of Ramsar destination. According to the analysis, the results and suggestions were presented.