جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « social integration » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

The migratory experience presents complex challenges as migrants navigate their identities within host societies. These challenges can lead either to successful integration into new communities or to a state of unresolved suspension. This duality is particularly relevant for elite migrants, where the trajectories of migration and potential return can act as critical indicators of societal conditions and development. This study examines the various processes and factors that shape the migration experience and the identity challenges confronted by migrants. Social identity is understood as a dynamic construct, continuously influenced by contextual evaluations. Using an interpretive approach and grounded theory method, the research draws insights from narrative interviews with 19 Iranian migrants in Germany, which were analyzed using a three-stage coding technique. The findings indicate that Iranian migrants often reassess their home society through a Western perspective, giving rise to feelings of identity dislocation. The encountered challenges can result in two primary pathways: a fragmented process of socialization that contributes to unresolved suspension, or successful integration into the host society. When integration is achieved, the likelihood of return decreases, as these individuals are more entrenched in their new environment. Conversely, those who experience unresolved suspension may continue their economic activities in the host country while struggling with a sense of liminality. This may ultimately compel them to return home due to the strong pull of social ties and the difficulties of establishing meaningful connections in the host society. This interplay of identity and belonging informs the broader understanding of the migrant experience in contemporary contexts.

The purpose of the present research is to study strategies of social integration of Afghan immigrants in the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the SWOT model. Totally, 8 strength points, 17 weakness points, 19 opportunities, and 13 threats were detected. In the next stage, the final score of each criterion and sub-criterion was determined using paired comparison, Saaty ranking system, and ANP model. According to the obtained scores, it can be said that in the current situation, the invasive strategy should be taken into consideration and prioritized. Strategies of SO9, So3, and SO1 have the highest scores and are recognized as the first, second, and third priorities. The strategy of SO9 develops territory markets, export of domestic goods, and import of Afghan products to Iran. SO3 propagates consumption patterns among the immigrants and expands internal and external markets which help economic growth. SO1 increases the labor force and ethnic variation in society and creates interaction between different cities and regions.

Despite the attention given to the quality of life and well-being of the general population, relatively little focus has been placed on the quality of life of refugees and immigrants. This lack of attention stems from the fact that enhancing one's quality of life is one of the main motivations for migration. Immigrants often encounter new and discriminatory social and economic circumstances, including marginalization, minority status, socio-economic disadvantages, loss of social support, psychological distress, and difficulties in assimilating to the host culture. These factors have a profound impact on the well-being and quality of life of immigrants. In general, the quality of life experienced by immigrants is influenced by a combination of factors, some of which are specific to the individual immigrants themselves, such as their education, job skills, and mental and physical health, and others that are related to the host society, such as its cultural and economic conditions and policies towards immigrants. The interaction between these individual and societal aspects significantly shapes the quality of life of immigrants. Despite numerous studies conducted on the migration of Afghans to Iran, which have encompassed various aspects, such as identity, security, demographics, employment, mental health, women's status, quality of urban life, residential patterns, economic impacts, societal integration barriers, social distance, and social networks, there remains a dearth of research on the quality of life experienced by Afghan immigrants in Iran. The findings from several conducted research studies are still inconsistent. Despite the fact that Afghan immigrants have been living in Isfahan for a long time and that this province has got the third rank in terms of accepting Afghan immigrants, there has been no independent research conducted to assess their quality of life. This is significant considering the various consequences it can have on both the immigrants and the host society. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the quality of life of Afghan immigrants in Isfahan, including its various dimensions. Additionally, the study aimed to identify and analyze the social factors that can have an impact on life quality, while trying to understand their influencing mechanisms.

The current research utilized descriptive-analytical and field survey approaches. The statistical population for this study consisted of Afghan immigrants aged 18 years and above, who were residing in Isfahan City. According to the population census of 2015 conducted by the Iran Statistics Center, there were a total of 1,831,224 Afghan nationals in Isfahan Province and 88,866 in Isfahan City (Statistics Center of Iran, 2015). Due to the logistical challenges and inability to reach all individuals across various cities, the research was confined to Isfahan City, particularly Zainabiyah Region, where the largest concentration of Afghan immigrants was found. The sample size was determined to be 330 individuals by using SPSS Sample Power software. After a thorough review and elimination of incomplete questionnaires, the total number of 321 completed questionnaires was selected for analysis.
For measurement of a variable, the World Health Organization's short scale consisting of 26 items was utilized. This scale encompassed 4 dimensions: physical health (7 items), mental health (5 items), social relations (6 items), and environmental health (8 items). The general questions were made regarding health status and quality of life. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for this variable was determined to be 0.84. To assess religiosity, 17 items were employed and categorized into 4 dimensions: belief (4 items), rituals (6 items), emotion (4 items), and consequences (3 items). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for this variable was estimated to be 0.86. The research items adopted by William et al. (1997) were employed to quantify the perception of discrimination. This 8-item scale has been extensively utilized in various countries to assess the perception of discrimination of immigrant groups. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for this variable was approximated at 0.85. To measure this variable, the "short scale of social integration" (Holland and Grühn, 2018) was utilized. This variable comprised 12 items, which were categorized into 4 dimensions: social support, social satisfaction, social participation, and instrumental support. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for this variable was estimated at 0.72.

According to the current research findings, it could be concluded that the majority of immigrants in Isfahan City had an average to high rate of quality of life, including psychological, social, environmental, and overall quality of life aspects with an average score of 3.35. More than 60% of the immigrants expressed satisfaction with their quality of life. The immigrants' satisfaction could be attributed to their modest expectations and the presence of cultural, religious, and linguistic similarities with Iranians. This had resulted in their satisfaction with living conditions in Iran, leading to a lack of desire to return to their home country. Furthermore, the respondents' overall assessment of quality of life supported the aforementioned assertion.
The findings of the present study aligned with those of other studies mentioned in the relevant literature, e.g., those of van der Boor et al. (2020) and Correa-Velez (2020), regarding social integration. Social integration generally leads to increased participation, solidarity, and creation of social capital, which positively impact immigrants’ quality of life and well-being. Engaging in social activities and taking social responsibility are crucial for achieving psychological and social balances. Trust and mutual respect play essential roles in building relationships. Various factors, including work environment, contribute to establishing these relationships. Work environment is particularly important for the immigrant community. Work relationships facilitate the integration process of immigrants into the host society as they shape immigrants’ "self and identity" within the community and provide opportunities for their social interactions. Additionally, due to religious similarities and homogeneity between Afghan immigrants and the people in our country, religion may influence social integration.
Religiosity was found to have a direct impact on the immigrants’ quality of life and an indirect effect through enhancing their social integration with the host society. Given that the majority of Afghan immigrants residing in Iran were Shiites, their religious similarity could facilitate their assimilation into the host society. This finding is in line with that of the research conducted by Sigert (2020). Additionally, Powell et al. (2000) indicated that engaging in religious organizations can enhance self-confidence and alleviate feelings of isolation and despair. Religiosity promotes the accumulation of social capital through participation in various religious rituals and possessing higher social capital is associated with an improved quality of life.
Perception of discrimination hinders social integration and detrimentally impacts the quality of life. Immigrants' perception of discrimination directly decreases their quality of life and impedes social integration. Social integration, in turn, reduces social division between immigrants and the receiving society. Discrimination against refugees comprises two dimensions: institutional discrimination enforced by the government and host society and non-institutional or social discrimination enforced by the broader society. In general, discriminatory actions and behaviors by governments or individuals, as well as the mental experience and perception of discrimination among immigrants, have a detrimental impact on their quality of life. The findings of this study revealed that the perception of discrimination indirectly diminished the quality of life for immigrants by hindering their social integration into the host society. Other studies have also demonstrated a significant negative correlation between the perception of discrimination and the related concepts of quality of life, such as well-being and contentment (e.g., Zhang et al., 2009; Kuppens & van den Broek, 2022; Bender et al., 2022). However, contrary to the theoretical model adopted by some previous research (e.g., Bender et al., 2022), no significant relationship between religiosity and perception of discrimination was discovered in the current study.
To gain a comprehensive understanding of the Afghan immigrant population in Iran, further investigations should be conducted from various perspectives. Specifically, it is recommended to carry out intergenerational studies to assess the quality of life and determine the levels of satisfaction among the first, second, and third generations of Afghan immigrants in Iran. Additionally, qualitative studies focusing on the quality of life experienced by Afghan immigrants will be beneficial.

Identity is one of the important issues facing humanity today, so that the issue of self-discovery is of great importance to different people. In general, identity is what makes a person different from one another.Regarding the importance of the subject in this research, using the field method, survey technique and the questionnaire's research tool, we seek to answer the main question: what is the relationship between different dimensions of social capital and national identity? The statistical population of this research is Kermanshah That is, 384 citizens of 18 years old up to this city have been examined as sample size.In order to answer the main question of this research, we have investigated and analyzed various dimensions of social capital such as social trust, social cohesion, social participation, social interaction and social consciousness as independent variables and its relation with national identity as dependent variable. The results of the research indicate that the rate of national identity tendency among the citizens of Kermanshah is too moderate and there is a significant direct and direct relationship between all the independent variables of the research with the dependent variable

The tombs of Imamzadegan buried in Afghanistan play a significant role in bringing together among the Muslims of this country. This research aims to explain and analyze the position and role of the graves of the mentioned Imamzadegan in creating convergence and peaceful coexistence among the Muslim people of Afghanistan. This research has been done with the method of collecting library data and in a descriptive and analytical way. The achievement of this research is that the graves of the Imams in Afghanistan, because of the sanctity they have in the eyes of all people; It has had a good influence on the convergence of the society, and it has connected the followers of Islamic religions together like a unifying thread, and has prevented religious divisions and dispersion. This convergence crystallized in the form of cultural programs that are carried out in these holy places such as; Imamzadegan pilgrimage, appeal, teaching and learning, prayer and social programs such as; The cultural-religious gatherings of Nowruz Eid have in these blessed shrines and holy places.

This study was conducted with the aim of "pathology of urban development of Arak metropolis and its relationship with social health" in two parts: qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative section, based on the opinions of experts, which included psychologists, sociologists, psychiatrists and social specialists and senior municipal managers, they were purposefully selected and a questionnaire on urban development injuries was prepared and compiled. The questionnaire was then given to 384 citizens over the age of 18 living in Arak (citizens of Arak) and they were asked to comment on the importance of each injury as a 5-choice range (very low-very high) in the questionnaire. To make. The results obtained in this section showed that the ambiguity of the mission and organizational goals (structural damage) , the existing organizational chart (structural damage) , not using the views of the client (underlying damage) , lack of knowledge of work standards (behavioral damage) , lack Employee awareness and knowledge (behavioral harm) , lack of citizen participation in urban management (underlying harm) , inability to provide income sources (structural harm) , organizational culture in employee performance (behavioral harm) and lack of employee performance monitoring (behavioral harm) Damages are urban development. Then, the relationship between urban development harms and social health was distributed among the same 384 citizens over the age of 18 living in Arak (citizens of Arak) and the hypotheses were examined and analyzed. The results showed that there is a relationship between urban development of Arak metropolis with social integration (solidarity)

Religion is a fertile context of meaning, regardless of whether it is monotheistic or non-monotheistic, it is one of the most fruitful, meaningful and influential systems that human beings have been experiencing and have never been able to ignore it completely. The present article seeks to theoretically examine the impact of religion (as a collective meaning system) on social integration and socio-political practices in the classic theories of sociology of religion (especially that of Weber, Durkheim and Simmel) and new readings of it. According to modern sociologists of religion such as Turner, Berger, and Lukman, the present epoch, is more a period of experiencing post-secular approaches or a return of the sacred to individual and social life than of secular ones. The main claim of these new theories (neo-Durkheimian approaches) is to consider religion as a key element of social integration and to emphasis on the immortality of religious meaning in the modern and postmodern world. What has now emerged as practical theology is a kind of practice-based religiosity and social and political activism that connects the individual as a citizen to a collective and sanctified meaning system.

Academic achievement has been addressed for several decades in the paradigm of psycho-pedagogical research in Anglo-Saxon countries, particularly in the United States and Canada. In Iran, research on the subject was born almost two decades ago, and this, more at the primary and secondary levels than at higher education. Canada has adopted given its socio-economic contextual diversity resulting from the reception of immigrants, a more qualitative approach than the United States in its studies. The factors influencing academic success are closely related to the socioeconomic context of student populations, their academic discipline, their needs and expectations of the university. Thus, researchers have studied the impact of a variety of factors on the success of students in various disciplines. Social integration in academia is a factor frequently cited for improving their perseverance in several studies, including that of Tinto (1997). Given the emphasis of Anglo-Saxon research on the subject and assuming that this impact exists with regard to Iranian students of FFL as well, we intend to study in the present research, adopting the analytical descriptive method and a qualitative and quantitative approach, the role of this factor on their perseverance and academic achievement and we will finally propose solutions for increasing their social integration in the academic environment.

The aim of this study is to provide an objective and sociological understanding of the development of national cohesion in Iran using the sociological concepts of Durkheim (mechanical and organic correlation) and David Lockwood (social integration and system integration). Using these concepts, the present article tries to show that national social cohesion is not a natural and pre-existing thing, but an industrial thing that is built on the horizon of the future. In historical experience, we see social and state-building trends in the field of national cohesion. This process has dialectically contributed to the development of national cohesion. To move from this controversial process and establish a stable relationship between social and systemic integration, we need the convergence of the rules governing social and systemic integration

This research aimed to investigating the relationship of goal orientation and procrastination with academic burnout with mediating role of academic and social integration. The study design was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The study population was all nursing students of Bojnourd University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2019-2000, which based on Cochran's formula, 303 people were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data collected with the questionnaires of goal orientation (Elliot & McGregor, 2001), academic procrastination (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984) academic burnout (Schaufeli & et all, 2002) and academic and social integration (Terenzini & Pascarella, 1980) and were analyzed by structural equation modeling method in Amos version 24 Software. The findings showed that goal orientation and academic procrastination on academic and social integration and academic burnout and academic and social integration on academic burnout had a direct and significant effect and goal orientation and academic procrastination with mediating of academic and social integration on academic burnout had an indirect and significant effect (p < 0.05). According to the results, to reduce academic burnout can be designed programs based on goal orientation, procrastination and academic and social integration and implemented through educational workshops.

During the last decade, we have witnessed the emergence of a procedural framework that is based on the rules of citizenship rights. The process of legislative formation and monitoring the implementation of the rights of disabled people is considered an obligation and is one of the supportive requirements. The provisions of the Comprehensive Laws about the Disabled People’s Rights was reviewed in the framework of the International Convention. This is a prelude to the social integration of the disabled based on the agent's explanations. This action is considered in the framework of the concept of effective citizenship and is taking advantage of the idea of the standardization of cyberspace for the disabled. Adoption of these laws has happened after the drafting of the Comprehensive Protection of Disabled People’s Acts on February 16, 2004, in the form of international laws such as the Universal Declaration of the Disables in 1975, and the International Convention of the Disable people’s Rights adopted on December 13, 2006, and is a turning point in Streaming Disabilities.

The nongovernmental actors’ institutionalized power of management over a region and its people is evident and testified by the extent of their contribution to enhance their ability. The requisites for materialization of such an ability is political functionalism, accountability and restricted politico-military arrangements. That has been the case with Hamas since June 2007 when it took over the responsibility to manage Gaza; Hamas has been favoring military operations or turning into a political player -- a hot and challenging issue in the Middle East. This research is a case study on Hamas, trying to see how institutionalization by non-governmental actors (in the sense that they become an element of government) has an impact on the tendency towards military choices. Moreover, this study tries to address the question whether violence prevents or prohibits the process? To this end, this paper focuses on Israel’s capacity and power to influence certain relevant variables.

  Existing facts denote that happiness is not in an appropriate state in Iran and Illam province, while nowadays happiness is one of the most important elements of development and welfare and crucial factor in social order too. Current research tried to study and identify effective factors on happiness in Illam province and make some recommendations to increase it. After review of literature and identify the most effective variables on happiness in previous researches, the theoretical debates have been studied and categorized in philosophical, religious and scientific (sociology and psychology) fields. There are three general approaches in social sciences and psychology including cognitive, social and critical that address happiness. Current research was based on social approach. It has three subcategories that theoretical framework has been formulated based on them: collective behaviors (Durkheim’s approach), cultural and historical characteristics (Inglehart’s theory) and institutional processes (Giddens’s approach). Methodologically, current research was a mixed design that has been conducted in exploratory design. In first step, qualitative method has been implemented. The data gathered by semi-structured interviews and analyzed by thematic analysis. Then, the metric has been designed for survey. In qualitative section, the participants are 48 who have been chosen by purposive sampling. They have been consisted of two groups: ordinary people (36) and experts & researchers (12). In quantitative section, the multi-stage cluster sampling has been used and sample size has been 744. The quantitative data have been analyzed by SPSS statistical software and presented at two descriptive and inferential levels. Maxwell’s model of validity including descriptive, interpretive and theoretical validity has been used in qualitative section. In quantitative part, validity has been examined by face validity. Reliability has been confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.
Discussion of Results and The main identified themes that have been drawn are four including: First, happiness as liberty which has two sub-themes: negative liberty (being free from any unpleasant factor that is preventive of peace and good life) and positive liberty (having necessary facilities for pursuit goals and priorities of life). The Second theme is happiness as adjustment which means harmony and fitness between subjective and objective conditions of life. Third, happiness as life satisfaction or positive evaluation of life, and the forth one is happiness ass power that being able to accept and dealing with troubles and unpleasant affaires and their negative consequences. In addition, the results of statistical analysis show that the relationship between such variables as social trust, wealth, ontological security, social integration, religiousness and kinship relations with happiness has been indirect. Anomie has had an inverse effect on happiness. The findings of path analysis show that amongst variables that have been studied, social trust has strongest impact on happiness. It could be said that due to decrease of social trust, social integration and kinship relations have been weaken and anomie has increased. Anomie, in turn, leads to decrease in ontological security. The final result of this cycle is decrease in happiness.
Based on findings, six general strategies have been formulated to improve happiness, including economic and expanding welfare strategy, reconstruction of community, educational strategy, the management of urban spaces, develop of sport facilities and complexes, and political development. In sum, regarding to such criteria as efficiency, effectiveness, popular acceptance, enforceability and fiscal & budget issues, it seems that “reconstruction of community” could be the best and most important strategy for making policies to improve happiness in Illam province. This strategy has been operational in three recommendations including strengthen social integration, recover and rejuvenate tradition and rehabilitate social gaps

The present study attempts to investigate the social integration of prisoners via a grounded theory approach. It is aimed to explain a model for successful social integration of female offenders. In this qualitative study, the data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 21 women who had a record in the Welfare Services Organization, and all of whom have had previous experience of being in the prison. Then, using a grounded theory approach, the data were analyzed and coded. The exploratory findings of the study show that various factors contribute to the formation of the core category, that is, “social integration as a move towards the normalization of life and social adaptation” of women; and other contextual factors such as personal characteristics, being supported and not rejected by the family and access to capitals are significant too. Moreover, intervention factors such as maternal motivation, empowerment and rehabilitation of women, and not using drugs influence the process of social integration. Analytical findings indicate that the strategies and solutions for social integration of women have two categories of environmental appropriateness and sanitation, and the development of social networks. Ultimately, all these factors and strategies contribute to satisfaction from life, adaptability and social organization, or in other words, social integration of women.

Social capital and the phenomenon of ethnicism are deeply connected to the level of ethnic-orientation. Likewise, the level and depth of ethnicity depends on different factors and situations. Therefore, it is critically important to categorize and quantify the ethnic interests in achieving ethnic convergence. This research is aimed at investigating the relation between concepts of ethnic convergence and social capital in West Azerbaijan province. This applied research is conducted through descriptive-analytical method. The sample consists of 100 competent experts in Orurmieh studies. Research indicators include five main components of social capital and seven indicators of ethnic convergence. The results indicated that the extent of social capital among the subjects was at a moderate to low level (2.51). However, ethnic convergence was at a higher level (2.7) in the population, more appropriate than social capital. The main outcome of this study revealed that there is a positive and significant relation between social capital and ethnic convergence. Finally, some strategies were presented in order to achieve ethnic convergence in West Azerbaijan province by using social capital.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity and social health of Talesh citizens.
In this study, were selected 380 residents of the Talesh city using cluster sampling with PPS (Probability Proportional to Size). Data collection instrument included Physical Activity Scale for the healthy lifestyle and Keyes’s social health (1998). The content and face validity of the instrument was approved and Cronbach's alpha’s value is 0.75 which is desirable.
Findings showed that the men’s social health mean score (M=38.08) diffiered significantly from women’s (M=36.58).The married people’s social health mean score (37.53) was also higher than the single’s (M=37.35). Furthermore, the men’s physical activity mean score (M=9.37, SD=2.101) diffiered significantly from women’s (M=8.86, SD=1.855). There was significant relationship between physical activity and social health as well as its dimensions so the more physical activity is the higher social health and the dimensions are.
According to the results, it is claimed that the promotion, enrichment and development of physical activity lead to the more social health and finally the population of the society is healthy and normal.

Social Integration is one of the basic concepts and also the starting point of sociological analysis and its analysis is considered as one of the foundations of the contemporary sociology. Social Integration deals with how people and society interact. It focuses on the exploration, and explanation of the interrelationship between the individual and the Society. The study of social integration in different organizations (for example, the university) and at different levels (for example, students) has been of interest for some researchers. Based on the theory of social bonding, the four main elements create social integration which is comparable to the Four Elements of Parson's Functionalist theory. In the present research, multiple scale of social integration (Ross and Strauss, 1995) has been used which is based on Hirschi's theory of social bonding. The study was a survey and data were collected from 200 female and male students of Isfahan university. The results of study indicate that, the degree of social integration of the students is high (72%). There is no significant difference in the social integration between male and females. Components of social integration including commitment, beliefs, attachment, and reported involvement are correspondent to elements of Parsons model (AGIL), respectively, goal attainment (G), the latency of patterns (L), integration (I) and adaptation (A).

In recent decades, alongside increasing in rate and changing in types of crimes in Iran, the rate of formal related punishments or special crimes by penal system, have also increased. These punishments which sometimes had been performing publicly have different reactions in society and public opinion which are qualified for scientific and empirical inquiries. The aim of this survey is the assessment of formal punishments’effect on public attitude toward crime through “Deterrence principle” and “reinforcement of social integration” .The research population consists of all citizens above 18 years old in Khomeini Shahr, Isfahan. 171 people were selected from total population as the research sample by cluster sampling technique. Findings show that generally, Khomeini Shahr citizens have a negative attitude toward the spectrum of studied crimes. Furthermore, there is a relationship between awareness and assessment of execution of formal punishments with deterrence principle and reinforcement of social integration. Results were explained by theories of social control, social integration and deterrence.

The role and function of women prisons indicate that despite the fact that a legal supervisory system for enforcing criminal laws and punishments and maintaining social order is required, rehabilitation is also of great importance. The present case study examines Arak women prison. The population consisted of all 44 women prisoners. The study was conducted through survey research (questionnaire) in spring 1394/2015. Based on the hypotheses, it seems that the prisoners’ satisfaction with prison environment was at average level. Emotional problems before entering the prison were influential in committing crimes by the prisoners. There was a relationship between mental health of those in charge of prison and the prisoners’ satisfaction, and rehabilitation methods were also effective in assistingthe prisoners to return to society. The research data was analyzed by SPSS Software and the results confirmed the hypotheses.