جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « urban land use planning » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

The most important challenge in urban land use planning is the spatial organization of urban activities and functions based on the needs of urban society. Extracting the current rules that exist in the city not only adds local conditions to the standard values mentioned in various instructions (Habib et al, 1999; Shiea 2018; Saeedinia 2004) but also makes it possible to analyze with comparing the existing conditions of the city with the standards. There is some research to examine the current situation of the city. Most of these studies have used statistical methods (Hosseinzadeh et al. 1399; Omidipour et al, 2017; Mohammadnejad et al. 2012). A few of them have utilized data mining methods, but none of these studies examine existing patterns between one type of land use with other land uses. In addition, the method used in this research is a new method that tries to use the capabilities of association rules and decision trees in exploring co-located patterns by combining these methods.Therefore, considering the importance and necessity of addressing this issue, the purpose of this research is to explore the current situation of urban land use by using data mining methods to discover the current patterns in the location of land uses in the vicinity and at different distances. Finally, providing rules derived from these models may help planners and managers to understand the current status of land use appropriately and improve urban land-use plans by utilizing them in combination with standards and rules based on expert knowledge.

Spatial association rules:Association rules discover the laws of interdependence between the data of a large database. In other words, patterns that are frequently repeated in the data set are identified and used to explain the rules of dependence (Han & et al, 2011: 54; Li 2015). The rules of the association in which one of the propositions in the premise or sequence contains a spatial relation are called spatial association rules (Geissen & et al, 2007: 277-287, Mennis & et al, 2005: 5-17).  Decision Tree: The decision tree is one of the most powerful and common techniques for classification and prediction. Among the algorithms used to construct the decision tree, the most important is the C5 algorithm which is the developed ID3 algorithm.

A n*l transaction matrix is generated. Where n is the number of available features and l represents the number of types of land use studied, which is 19 in this article. The elements of this matrix can be zero or one. To fill the transaction matrix, we first consider the distance and apply buffer analysis for all the features in the land use layer. Then, for each feature, we intersect the buffer layer of that feature with the land-use layer and extract all the features that appeared at the intersection. Arc GIS software was used to perform spatial analysis.Then, to extract the current rules of land use in the urban environment, the a priori algorithm is selected as one of the association rules algorithms, and the C5 algorithm is selected as one of the decision tree algorithms.In this research, the user data of neighborhood 4, district 5 of Tehran Municipality, including 1065 property plots, were used.

In this step, the proposed model for deriving the rules of land use dependence based on the current situation of land use in the study area is implemented step by step and the results are presented. According to existing standards, three distances are considered to extract spatial rules with an apriori algorithm. After extracting the rules, they are compared with the values of approved standards in urban land use planning. Vicinity and compatibility are examples of indicators in common standards for locating and determining land use for the land. Using the extracted rules, the indicators are examined. Due to the lack of extraction of some rules by association rules, for example, not extracted rules related to therapeutic land uses within 300 meters from residential land uses, we use the decision tree algorithm to extract related rules in more detail. The graphs obtain from the decision tree shows which land uses are effective for predicting and categorizing specific land uses, based on the current status of the land uses located in the case study area.

The purpose of this paper is to data mining the current status of urban land uses to extract the rules of neighborhood and proximity of different land uses. Using the proposed model in this article, it is possible to extract the existing rules of land uses in detail and as well as to evaluate its compliance with conventional standards and criteria in urban land use planning.

The rapid rate of development of cities has caused extensive changes in the land use pattern around cities, and these effects of city development and urbanization can be seen in developing countries as well as developed countries. In Iran, as a developing country, the growth rate has been very high, and following that, there have been extensive changes in the field of land changes. Change of users is inevitable but it can be managed. The process of land use changes and the recognition of the effective factors and its results can help to identify obstacles, problems, analyze and understand urban issues as best as possible and become a tool for managers and urban planners to predict the future growth and development of cities and be able to manage effectively and Look for opportunities for cities. One of the biggest and most challenging issues in recent years in Iran is the change of urban land use, which has many effects in cities, and if these changes are carried out in an uncontrolled and unsupervised manner, they will have irreparable effects. . The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of land use change on land use planning. Due to the spread of these changes, urban design and urban planning, using error tests and investigations, should always seek to adapt to the conditions that have arisen and are ahead, and they need changes and modernity of opinions in the previous standards. Therefore, he must always adapt to new conditions. It is for this reason that the discussion of flexible planning has been brought up and paid attention to in order to achieve better results than in the past. The most change of land use in cities is related to the change of use of agricultural lands and their conversion to urban uses, which causes more instability in cities, which is caused by the added value of the change of use in urban spaces. By having control tools, municipalities play a very effective role in preserving and maintaining existing natural lands, and by using their control tools, they can prevent land trading and changes in the use of natural lands to other uses.

Introduction:

 Sustainable urban development is a multidimensional process and understanding this depends on a proper analysis of its often-contradictory complexities and dimensions. Therefore, this raises the need to pay attention to urban land use planning as one of the most important dimensions of sustainable development in urban space in order to be aware of the problems or development capabilities of the city spatial organization and its consequences and processes. The purpose of the present study is understanding of key driving forces based on futurology and scenario planning in land use changes and spatial developments in the 12th district of Tehran. To achieve this aim, the method of cross-impact analysis and scenario planning was used.

Methodology:

 The present study in terms of practical purpose is a structural analysis and is based on the new method of futurology, which has been done with a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Therefore, according to the nature of this research, collecting information in the descriptive part was through the study of library documents and in the analytical part was the five sessions of Delphi methods, forming cross-matrices and balanced by Micmac software, explaining the key driving forces, direct and indirect impact analysis of variables have been used along with scenario analysis approaches. Delphi method has been used to identify variables and indicators. Thus, first, using scientific and research articles, the factors affecting the spatial organization of land use in the 12th district of Tehran were collected, then a semi-structured questionnaire was prepared and distributed among experts (statistical society) in several stages in order to value those factors.

Results and Discussion:

 the statistical society of the study includes 40 specialists in the field of urban planning and research elites who were selected through purposive non-random sampling. According to the results among 72 key factors, 8 vital drivers including consumerism in urban land use changes, land tax laws associated with land use changes, construction supervision, groups and social classes in urban land use changes, unstudied construction permits, participation and cooperation affecting urban land use developments, unproductive rentier economy, urban land commercialization are the most important key factors influencing land use planning and its developments in District 12th of Tehran. According to the findings, it can be seen that the best predictable situation in the framework of the approaches used in the present study is in the form of first and second scenarios (green situation) with a high degree of compatibility and reliability. In this situation, the indicators, while achieving the highest scores obtained from the matrices and software analysis, in the scenario diagram page, its elements have a more uniform and convergent distribution.

Conclusion:

 By examining the cases and variables in this study, it can be concluded that the most influential factor in urban land use changes is consumerism. In recent decades, changing patterns of land consumption and commodification and the growth of capitalism has caused huge changes in land use in the 12th district of Tehran. Besides, the most desirable scenario is the proposed scenario number one, which is based on the success of urban policy in organizing land use, smart planning, spatial valuation, solving policy-legislative issues and the ideal situation, permits and sales density in the favorable situation.

Urban development planning has always faced new challenges with regard to increasing complexities in the decision-making environment which makes it necessary to use new methods for predicting and preparing for the future. In this regard, as a new approach, the planning based on making scenarios will help identify and present different scenarios for making specific decisions in urban management. In the process of urban development, the subdivision of land has always been a controversial topic with regard to new developments and several factors have been involved in determining the size of the area of the desired parts. In the present study, the four factors of household dimension, income level, land price, and accessibility to urban centers were selected as independent variables and land area was selected as the dependent variable. The results of the significance of each independent variable in explaining the dependent variable have been presented in a regression relationship. The region under study is Semnan city which, according to the predictions of the comprehensive plan horizon (2026), will need 86 hectares of land. The land subdivision modeling process has been done in seven steps and the basic tool used to divide the land is the model presented by Dahal and Chow (2014) which divides large pieces of land fully automatically based on size, shape, and direction. Considering the variables and relationships presented to determine the size of separation segments, four possible scenarios are obtained and finally, according to the characteristics of the city of Semnan, the probable scenario that is based on accommodation of low and medium level of income in margin area of city has been chosen and the pattern of subdivision is presented. IntroductionComplexity and multi-dimensionality of the urban development process have made its analysis difficult leading to uncertainties and the probability of occurrence of various futures. the planning based on making scenarios is one of the common ways to deal with uncertainty in the environment. Unlike traditional planning methods, this approach develops potentially different views of the future and thus provides a basis for creating solutions and options that are suited to different situations. In the planning of urban development, land subdivision is considered as the first stage of design. Investigating and analyzing the effects of different patterns of land subdivision in a vacant land plot is an important part of urban development projects. Because of the various economic, social, and physical factors involved in the process of land subdivision, the need to examine their impacts is necessary. In this regard, the purpose of the present study is to apply the factors affecting the subdivision of land plots and the presentation of its various patterns in the process of urban development with the approach of making scenarios. The basic tool used in this regard is the model developed by Dahal and Chow (2014). This model is based on vector space and divides the land fully automatically. Based on this, different patterns of land subdivision have been presented in different scenarios and considering the characteristics of the case study (Semnan city), the probable scenario has been chosen. MethodologyThis research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The proposed modeling for land subdivision in the developed areas of Semnan up to the comprehensive plan horizon (2026) is carried out in seven steps:Step 1: Calculating the amount of land needed to develop the city in the comprehensive plan horizon (2026)Step 2: Determining the blocks in the developed margin area Step 3: Determining the spatial value of each of margin blocksStep 4: Providing a regression relation according to the factors affecting the size of the segments of the landStep 5: Predicting income growth and land price in the comprehensive plan horizon (2026)Step 6: Providing different scenarios for land division in the comprehensive plan horizon (2026)Step 7: Conclusion and selection of the probable scenarioResults and discussionIn this research, presenting different scenarios has been done through statistical methods. On this basis and considering previous studies, accessibility, household dimension, land price, and household income level were selected as the main factors affecting the determination of the area of land segments, and the effect of each of them was determined based on a regression relation in Semnan city. On the other hand, each identified margin block has a different spatial value considering the two factors of accessibility and land price and the households tend to live in one of the margin blocks according to their economic power and suitability so that it was assumed that higher-income households will live in blocks with higher land prices and better accessibility. Assuming that the regression relationship in comprehensive plan horizon (2026) holds and considering the spatial value of each block, four different scenarios were presented for the subdivision of land segments using Dehal and Chow’s model (2014). ConclusionIn order to select a scenario which is more consistent with the future conditions of urban development in Semnan, the views of real estate agencies (6 real estate agencies) and 4 urban planning experts of Semnan municipality were used. Real estate agencies were asked to choose the probable scenario according to land price, land sale, mortgage, rent, and area of existing segmented lands in the margin neighborhoods of Semnan such as Rozieh Town, Janbazan Town, 400 Units and Mehr Housing Units, and also according to people’s living standards and their willingness for housing in these neighborhoods. In addition, the urban experts of the municipality were asked to choose the desirable scenario by considering the population increase of Semnan city by 2026, the settlement of the immigrant population, land price, the number of licenses issued for construction, the lack of facilities and land uses, and, finally, the economic, social, and cultural characteristics of the inhabitants of margin neighborhoods. By summing up the obtained comments, scenario number four seemed the most likely option from the view of most experts.

The hospital is an important element of the new public health. The health of a population requires access to medical and hospital services as well as preventive care and a healthy environment. Site selection of urban public facilities is one of the most important goals of urban planning. Planners help increase the welfare of citizens by means of allocation of urban lands to various necessary urban land uses and facilities, by reducing unnecessary commuting and providing a healthy environment. The main objective of this study is the evaluation of site selection models of hospitals in Tabriz city considering quantitative and qualitative criteria in 3 levels of compatibility, desirability and capacity matrixes. Employing 13 indices and using the ArcGIS 9.2, Idrisi Andes, Index Overlay and AHP implications, site selection of hospitals in Tabriz city has been reexamined. The existing sites and spatial patterns of hospitals have been analyzed. Findings reveal that there has been insufficiency in the number of hospitals and hospital beds in some cases.

one of the main purposes of urban planning is land use planning and organizing outdoor urban space. Therefore، land use planning، plays an essential role in the quality and urban designand also obtain distribution system activities services and share them as sets. This research tries to evaluate land use planning inLamerd city in fars province.. The main method of research is kinds of comparative. The results compared the main user of the city throughout the year 1376 (the status quo city comprehensive plan) and 1384 (the status quo in the detailed plan) indicate that for higher education، cultural، sports، urban facilities and equipment، industrial andalso in terms of green space per capita (per person) and the urban level (area) in user status and disproportionately poor but in terms of residential، religious، administrative - law enforcement، public education، the business position was suitable. moreover comments have been indicating that there is an imbalance and lack of coordination between urban user and planners، therefore city planners must pay attention to different factors such as (physical، social، economic، and neighbourhood land use classification، housing and traffic، green space، etc.)