جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « آسیای میانه » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

Central Asia is one of the main centers of Sufism and Islamic mysticism. From the second century of Hijri to the eighth century of Hijri, teachings and tariqats such as "Hakimiya" attributed to Hakim al-Tirmidhi, "Kabaruyeh" attributed to Sheikh Najmuddin Kabra, "Khwajgan" attributed to Khwaja Abdul Khaliq Ghajdwani, "Yessowiyya" attributed to Khwaja Ahmad Yasavi and "Naqshbandiyya" attributed to Khwaja Bahauddin nurtured Naqshbandiyya in his bosom and thereby contributed greatly to the growth and expansion of Islamic thought in the East of Islam.Khwaja Ahmad Yesavi is considered one of the prominent figures of Sufism and mysticism in the history of mystical teachings of Central Asia. He has a special position in the eyes of the lord of knowledge. Khwaja Ahmad founded a special school called "Yesuyeh" and this school was later welcomed in the entire region of Central Asia, from Turkestan to Trans-Nahr, from the Aq Idel Sea to Eastern Turkestan, Khorasan, Iran, and the Caucasus even to It spread to Rome.

With the burgeoning of the Silk Road from the first century AD, the Sogdians whose land, in Transoxiana, was located along this trade road, became traders, and traveled to other lands for business. Through trading with other peoples, Sogdians who had previously embraced Zoroastrianism became acquainted with various religions and beliefs, such as Manichaeism, Buddhism, Mazdakism, and Nestorian Christianity, and Some of them converted to those religions and started to propagate them. On the other side, not only did Sogdians were encountering various religions in their homeland and tried to understand the principles of their religions, but also their commercial and political preferences brought about the advertisement and promotion of those other religions freely and without any conflict in their territory. This phenomenon can be called "Commercial Tolerance".In this article, the various aspects of this commercial tolerance were analyzed by using some ancient sources, new studies, and archeological excavations. This phenomenon has never been seen in any other historical periods or any other lands unless in the contemporary era, where different nations with different religions have lived together. This phenomenon has brought about new consequences such as “the creation of unity between religions" in Sogdiana between the sixth and eighth centuries A.D. Based on this thought, the Sogdians tried to build compatibility between the various religions that were prevalent in their territory or between their colonies.

Port town of Termez, known as Great Khorasan in post-Islamic era, was an economical-political connection for Khorasan and Transoxiana. Due to its location, it has had a critical role in historical changes of Khorasan and central Asia during its ancient to contemporary time. In this research a descriptive-Analytical method based on primary historical and geographical data has been used to investigate economical and Geopolitical importance of Termez. This paper along with providing a descriptive report on Termez geography, investigates its historical changes during different dynasties ruling on Iran and Great Khorasan (khorasan and Central Asia) in a geographical point of view. Results show this historical pathway in the southernmost part of Uzbekistan had played a critical political-economic role in Iran's territorial integrity and economic prosperity or lack of prosperity of Big khorasan and areas such as Balkh and Marv. A topic that directly related to the different attitudes of the Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud, Sultan Mohammad Khwarazmshah and Timur Gurkani, towards a significant role of Termez. Termez also has been a crucial economical bridge in the Big pathway known as khorasan or silk road which connects Iran to central Asia, China and India.

Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in 1917 was one the great incidents of history that brought along a new ideology and entered it into political scene of the world. The leaders of this revolution centered on Lenin, put forward socialistic thoughts and they believed that religion prevented the development of society. Meanwhile, in the early years of Bolshevik revolution, one-six of the community was made up of Muslims and in daily life, they observed Islamic customs and manifestations of Islamic culture were evident in all aspects of their lives. The main issue in this article is that how the Bolsheviks influenced Muslims during early years of revolution and spread Communist thoughts among them. In this paper, we are going to study the course of the policy of Soviet government toward Muslims in early years of revolution relying on documents and works of Russian researchers. Actually, Bolsheviks succeeded by adopting tolerance policies in early years in the field of culture, education etc., caught Muslims’ attention and spread Communist ideology among them; however, they changed their attitude afterward that will be studied later in the paper.

The presence of Russia remarkably increased in Central Asia in the 19th Century. This presence not only led Iran to be exposed to invasion but also created the challenges for the relations between Russia and England. The available studies, related to the relations between Russia and England, mainly discuss about the military events; however, the diplomacy of Russia is scarcely targeted. This study endeavors to present a new analysis of Russia's military and political policies in Central Asia with its effects. In fact, such study aims to determine precisely the foreign policy of Russia in Central Asia based on primary resources, treaties and historical correspondences with descriptive – analytical approach. Therefore, the main questions of such study are: How could Russia impose its sovereignty on the districts of East Caspian Sea? What were the reactions of Iran and England against Russia's policies? It is assumed that the military actions of Russia had not been the sole concern of Russia and the authorities of Russia had a considerable role in Russia's progress. The outcome of this research demonstrates that not only the colonial rivalries between Russia and England had effected on political geography of Caspian Sea's coasts but also Russia employed effective means such as economical relations, political methods, field studies, informational influence and military actions to maintain its sovereignty on Central Asia totally.

The abundance of copper deposits in the Kerman Province of Iran can be considered as one of the main reasons for the emergence of the extensive ancient metallurgical activities in the ancient cultural domain of southeastern Iran by the third millennium BCE. This has partly resulted in the production of some of the most exquisite ancient bronze artifacts in the Kerman region and southeastern Iran, among which the bronze axes are of significant value. In this study, we investigated the collection of ancient bronze axes kept in the Harandi museum of Kerman from different viewpoints including their forms, the position of the blades, the technology of manufacturing, the way of utilization and function, and consequently their prestigious position. These axes were also compared with the same age axes of the other regions in Western Asia. This comparison indicates an extensive cultural and commercial exchange among the neighboring areas of Kerman together with farther regions including central Asia, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, Luristan, and Mesopotamia, the latter exchange has also been acknowledged in the ancient texts.

One of the influential phenomenal in the post-Islamic history of Iran is the coming of social groups from outside of its territory in the form of tribes and nomad. It first happened through the immigration of Muslim Arab tribes who came to Iran for Jihad. But after the conquest of Iran by the Muslim Arabs and fall of the Sassanid political administrative system, lack of central government in the first centuries of the Islamic period in Iran and collapse of political borders, opened the way for the coming of other tribes from the neighboring countries, especially the Turk tribes of Central Asia. The coming of the latter had a deep impact on the fate of the social history of post-Islamic Iran. Seljuquid era is one of the most important in the history of coming of these tribes to Iran. The purpose of this article is to study the role of the Central Asian immigrant tribes in the incidents of the eastern parts of Iran during the second half of the Seljuqid rule with an emphasis on the reign of Sultan Sanjar.