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The structure of the court and the political organization that ruled the vast territory under Achaemenid rule were of great importance in the continuation of this rule. The Achaemenid court with a structure including: mother king, queen and crown prince, princes, heads of families, eunuchs, a position similar to the great minister - the spy system (known as the corners and eyes of the king) and ... in all political developments of this dynasty Was involved. One of the important issues in examining this structure is the role of the king in this organization. It seems that the Achaemenids in influencing the organization and structure of the court in their Achaemenid Empire were influenced by the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, especially Assyria and Babylon. In addition to the Assyrian civilization, the ancient Median and Elamite governments also provided suitable models for the rulers of this dynasty. It was and the power of the Shah was absolute and unlimited and the Shah was a symbol of the full ownership of the Iranian society and the owner of all the property and wealth of the people. What is certain is that the study of this structure will provide valuable information about the role of the Shah in the pyramid of political power of the Achaemenid court to historians.

Examining the historical treaty between the governments is conducted mostly through exploring the events and interactions of the political forces involved in concluding them, which is in large part a result of the view that conclusion of these treaties is itself a historical event. But if we assume the conclusion of a treaty between one or several states within the framework of a legal-negotiating process, which has gone out of the domestic legal framework of each of the countries involved in it and in the context of a conventional legal system among the governments, in this case, we can distance from the mere historical examination of the events and have in a way an analysis, examination and pathology of the negotiating behavior of each of the governments for achieving their goals. The present paper tries to collect the negotiating records and the reports related to the meetings between the Iranian negotiators in the Qajar era and the Tsar Russian political representatives during the 1st Iran-Russia wars during the Fath-Ali Shah Qajar reign, and depict a plan of the negotiating behavior of the political representatives of the Qajar court during the conclusion of the Iran/Russia treaty, called the Gulestan Treaty.

Managing Safavid court was mostly under the control of one of the four high-ranking Safavid officials called Īshīk Āghāsī Bāshī dīwān. This court official had several subordinates for managing court affairs and duties like holding court parties and assemblies, welcoming special guests and foreign ambassadors, managing harem, and protecting court. In this research, the roles and duties of this high-ranking Safavid official and his subordinates have been considered and compared to similar officials of the Ottoman court. Findings of this comparative study indicate that although no certain official of Ottoman court could not be equated with Īshīk Āghāsī Bāshī dīwān in terms of authority and duties, some officials such as Dar Al-Saada Ağası, Kapı Ağası, and other groups in Ottoman court had a part of Safavid head court authority and performed similar duties.

The nobles were castrated boys who, from ancient times, with the expansion of the court structure and polygamy, were present inside castles. From the point of view of gender morphology, eunuchs can be classified into third sex that did not belong to men and women. In ancient Iran, from the kingdom of the Medes to the Sassanid era, there is evidence of the presence of nobility in the court of kings and within the aristocracy. However, the Achaemenid era is special in terms of the presence and functions of the eunuchs. The authors of this article, by using historiography of the lower classes analyze the role and function of this group in the Achaemenid state.  The study shows that the eunuchs (Khawajas), as a class, had special roles in the court of the Shah during the Achaemenid era, various roles including guardian of the castles and the shrines, serving the royal family, and were in charge of organizing military and administrative affairs. These Khawaja’s were involved in political disputes, groupings, and conflicts, and some influenced the general political life of the Achaemenid state.

The depiction of the dimensions of the world of children in the Safavid period, such as the history of women, has often been recorded in connection with the events of the court and the elders. Historical sources such as the reports of the travelers and travel writers on the history of children of the Safavid era, including the precise definition of this period, the age limits and all the characteristics of children, do not have enough independence, but repeatedly the advantages and disadvantages of the children in the court, including the princes and other children of the courtiers have been mentioned. Scattered allusions, however, have to some extent reflected the social life of the ordinary and non-court children. This article, while considering the importance of childhood history, tries to answer the question of how the advantages and disasters of the children's history in the Safavid court were determined. It also examines the quality of social life of non-court children. The findings of the study show that the court children including the princes, although enjoyed an advanced and appropriate education system, but in the process of crisis of succession and bloody conflicts and also, from the second half of the Safavid era, by being in the circle of the harem, have suffered from a crisis and serious damage, which often led to murder, mutilation and blindness of the children. Sufferings of the court-affiliated children included becoming child slaves, a sexual commodity and also addiction. In the case of non-court children, although they had some commonalities with the court children, such as in education, textbooks, and religion, they were at risk of disease, war, famine, and rape. Instead, these children enjoyed more freedom of activities and social relationships. This is a library research based on the historical analysis.

Abbasid caliphs have always used boon-companions in planning affairs, making policies and spending time. Boon-companions has been accompanied by caliphs at most of the court ceremonies especially feasts, and sometimes at consultation meetings and acted according to their skills, knowledge and abilities depending on the circumstances and the caliph’s desire. The main question of the study is that how was boon-companions position and function in Abbasid court? This study by analyzing data and reports of the first-hand references has indicated that boon-companions sometimes had dominance over caliphs, and interfered in the affairs of the country by their views and suggestions. Moreover, due to the close relationships with caliphs, they were influential in social affairs according to the personality, adequacy and court’s conditions. Similarly, in regard to economy, boon-companions due to their relationships and companionships by caliphs gained enormous wealth by receiving various gifts and tips and even high-ranking governmental positions and were among the properties of the court.

World War II led Iran to engage in global events unwittingly and occupied by the three powers; but with the end of the war and the non-evacuation of the Soviet forces from Iran, the Cold War first sparkles were struck between the two ideological poles, the Soviet Union and the United States. While the USSR sought to obtain Iranian north petroleum, by pressure, stood in front of the United States with the policy of preserving Iran on the front of the Western countries, against the Soviet Union. Though in many researches United States ultimatum has been referred, as the main source, to the Soviet Union for evacuation of Iran, but the study shows that such ultimatum has no historical validity; Therefore, the question is that the US with using what tools and tactics, were able to carry out its goal of expelling the Soviet Union from Iran and maintain Iran on the liberalism front. To answer this question, using a historical method based on description and analysis, tried to answer by examining US State Department documents. The findings show that US by using two types of international instruments, such as the Security Council and the alliance with the UK, and domestic instruments such as cooperation with the Shah and the National Parliament, tried to restrict USSR in Containment policy.

With the collapse of the Sassanid Empire and the arrival of Islam in Iran and the establishment of Islamic Caliphate by Umavyian and Abassian (Umavyid and Abassid) as well as the attempts of the Iranian semi-independent governments such as Taherian and Safarian for forming administrative structures imitated of Abassi’s Caliphate which were, in turn, borrowed from Sassanian’s administrative system, Samanian (Samanid) were the first Iranian government that took the basic steps for reviving the administrative structures of Sassanian. The main issue in this study is that to what extent the Sassanian’s administrative structures have been effective in the formation of the administrative system of Samanian. Similarly, in the present study it is attempted that, by use of the descriptive-analytical method, Samanian’s policy in line with taking a model from the important organizations and court structures of Sassanian has been explained and discussed. The results of the study revealed that the administrative structures of Samanian particularly the offices (organizations) of ministry, corps, post, taxes, water, (letter) writing and port were affected by Sassanian’s administrative structures regarding the positions, titles and ideas of the royal system. And, in turn, Samanian’s officialdom has taken an important role in sustaining the administrative structures of Sassanian and transferring these structures to the following governments in the Middle Ages of Iran.

Sarbedaran with a dual political and religious structure emerged from Shiite chivalry, was able to attract different layers of society, especially the urban poor, artisans, and smalllandowners could establish astate that lasted for a short time but it was inspiring. Sarbedaran like other governments were trying to organize an administrative, to continue their government. But the short life of this administration, on going confrontation with enemies, and most importantly, the internal conflicts relinquished Sarbedaran of strongand stable administration. Because of this fact we do not have a decent knowledge of the administration of their government. Furthermore, because of the above mentioned reasons the historical reference shaveless to do with administration in this government. This articleis going to recognize the administration of this government also the role of each sectorin the areas of administrative courts, the Court, the army and the system of provinces, and the reasons why this system had never formed will be reviewed and evaluated.

Conclusion Emergence and extent of modern and progressive ideas at the same time increasing the Constitutional Movement in Iran, on the west ready for new associations and activities and many legs of the modern European opened. As for spase Iran Awakening Lodge shortly after the Constitutional Revolution was founded in Tehran And the First World War (August 1911 / Ramadan 1332) 135 activists and leaders took the constitutional membership. But in the midst of what was important, and the main objective of this research project will provide Effects that relations between Iran Awakening Lodge, the first official event of Freemasonry, and has established centers of power in the constitutional era. In the course of the novel structural features that had emerged after the revolution, The highest attention to the centers of political scans:1 - Persian national assembly2 - Government3 - CourtLodge, who raised the awareness of features of the new era,The Vasthayjad relations and bilateral relations with each of the three major centers mentioned in the Age of Constitutional bodies for political power and cultural influence in Iran, The center attracts people from all attachments were Trying to enforce and deepen and develop your unique ideas in modern Iranian society and was growing. Due to the establishment of the National Assembly and the Constitutional Movement was a major process, Most attention in the Lodge had its own relationship. In addition to accepting some of its members, who number an overview of the main characters in relations between the Lodge and the Assembly considered, Effects of some of the ideas and practices of bills introduced in the Assembly or Msvbhhay Masonic apron to the left Suggests that the main centers of power in the era of relations with the National Assembly has the constitutional maximum. After assembly, the government's most effective tool in the overall level of performance was in Association of powers in the Constitution as the second era of awakening the attention Lodge made many public sector managers and elected a member of brokers. This shows the interest in having a Lodge for a considerable part of the body's state constitutional era. But because modern Freemasonry French approach, based on a political fight with the oppression of wire, trying to reduce the absolute authority of court And it would create a barrier to Fzvnkhvahyhay. It is natural that the minimum established relations with the Qajar court, rather than the symptoms of the conflict between them is more broad. Although few addicted Qajar princes and associates of the court and the other was a member of Mason Lodge stood. With the onset of World War I in August 1911/1332 during which France was involved in it, A way to continue the activities of the subordinate lodges of Freemasonry's Awakening was closed And distance a week after the war began, most East (Grandavryan) France tacitly asked the attention of the box to give his important international meetings. Subsequently, Iran Awakening Lodge campaign officially closed, then on the other it did not constitute a formal meeting.