جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « دهلران » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

The beginning of field research in the Deh Luran Plain dates back to the early twentieth century. During this period, researches have been mainly focused on the northwestern part of the plain rather than its southeastern part (Patak Plain). However, the southeastern part of the plain, under the supervision of the author by project of identification and study of the sites in the area of drainage network 23 of the national tropical plan, was intensively surveyed at the end of year of 2015. The primary and general purpose of this program was identifying and documentating the sites, which was achieved. The next goal, namely determining the chronological position and understanding how the settlements were located and recognizing their cultural interactions, compared to their neighboring area, was also achieved by using the discovered cultural materials. In total, out of the 56 identified sites in this archaeological survey, 22 sites had surface evidence of the Uruk Period until the end of the Neo- Elamite Period, at first glance, this number represents a fourfold increase in the number of the settlements by comparing it to the results of previous studies. In the next step, with the registration of the Uruk Sites, it was found that, the population that was living in the plain compared to the previous period, namely the Later Village Period has increased significantly. Then, the population decreased sharply in the Jemdet Nasr Period and we can see an increase in the settlements again in the Dynasty Period, but this increase ended in the Old Elamite Period and decreased in the Middle and Neo- Elamite Periods, this decrease was probably as a result of the effects of trans-regional power centers and climate change.

Due to the location of Maymeh II in the basin of Maymeh Dam of Dehloran in Ilam province and in order to ensure the existence of ancient layers, it was surveyed and excavated. Documentation, study of establishment, chronology, cultural sequence and function of the site were important goals and questions of this research. Descriptive-analytical and descriptive research method, comparative study and analysis of finds with using field studies (Survey, Trenching and Excavation) and library studies are the methods of research. All finds were obtained from surface survey and no cultural deposits or architectural remains were found in the excavated trenches. Due to the lack of evidence related to the surface finds in the trenches, it seems that this area with an approximate measurement of 45 hectares is an open Paleolithic area. The other finds, including a number of pottery sherds and part of a clay sickle, indicate that the site has been used as a seasonal settlement by nomadic groups based in the area during various historical periods. There is a sortly comprehensive cultural sequence in Dehloran from Neolithic period until Islamic period which identified and introduced. But the knowledge about Paleolithic period is insufficient and sites such as Maymeh could be fill this gap with its artefacts. .

The archaeological survey and identification of the Patak Plain in Deh Luran was carried out during the winter of 2016 titled “Drainage Survey and Identification Number 23” as one of the 10 Rescue Programs of the National Tropical Plan. Detection, documentation, national registration, determining the area and frontage of archaeological sites, and contingent necessary rescue excavations, were the main aims of this survey program. Patak plain is located in a definite environs between rivers Dowirag and Chichab, and the highlands of Mamelah and Dalpari southeastern of Deh Luran. During this survey which was done intensive and systematic methodologically, 58 mounds, sites and areas and two chains of ducts (Qanat) were discovered. Many evidences related to various phases of Village Periods were gathered from 22 sites of the given ancient areas. The material of the Initial Village Period (Bus Mordeh, Ali Kosh, Mohammad Ja’far, Sefid and Sorkh) were observed on the surface of 10 sites. 12 settlements were belong to CMT (Chagha Mami Transition), Sabz and Khazineh related to the Early Village Period. Increasing the number of settlements was the most important event in Patak Plain during the Middle Village Period. We have gathered the cultural material of this period in 17 sites. The number of sites decreased into 7 settlements during Late Village Period (the Susa A and Sargarab phases) extremely. Despite of the western portion of Deh Luran Plain in which many archaeological surveys and excavations have been conducted, its eastern part, mainly, Patak Plain was unknown. The performance of the present survey has pave the way to put some questions upon settlement pattern, chronology and regional interactions of the plain. We have analyzed the gathered material from the all sites to determine the position of chronology, to understand the situation of sites’ settling, and to distinguish the cultural interactions of Patak Plain. We have analyzed the data base of the survey and then classified and typed the sherds and lithics and objects, and studied them in relation with contemporary sites of vicinity regions comparatively to achieve a chronological result. The importance of the archaeological situation of Patak Plain was defined by doing of this survey. Moreover, we could improve our understanding of the number of sites and the position of their settlings, and the level of interrelations of the Patak Plain internally and externally during the four phases of Village Period (Initial, Early, Middle and Late). Finding of the stone tools and objects the same as those of Bos Mordeh and Ali Kosh phases in some sites of this region, intensifies a hypotheses of synchronous village period life by Patak Plain and western part of Deh Luran Plain residents. The most important point on Early Village Period in Patak Plain were the abandonment of some sites and the formation of new settlements. These occurrences are analyzable on the basis of easy and favorable access to ecological variables, and forced abandonment of some members of early village period original sites because of populations’ increase further site-catchment of settlements. Patak Plain faced with increasing of the number of sites (17) and abundance of population in middle village period. The number of settlements has reduced to 7 sites during late village period. Settlements in Patak plain have been begun from the Bus Mordeh and Ali Kosh phases and continued to Mohammad Ja’far period in which an important innovation in technology i.e. ceramic production was begun. Pottery shards of the various village periods in Patak Plains are comparative with simultaneous sites in Deh Luran Plain, Eastern Susiana (Chagha Mish and Chagha Bonut), and Western Susiana (Djowi, Ja’farabad and Susa).

Dehloran plain, because of geographic location itself has always been one of the population centers in the southwest of Iran. Also, this area, because of permanent and seasonal rivers and fertile fields has been a good place to live in a long time. In terms of natural landscape, this plain is divisible into three regions of eastern, central and western. The first area (eastern area) is includes east of Dehloran plain, that consists of peaks and slopes of Zagros Mountains. The second area are including of lands near to these mountains. This area by floods of these mountains is covered with rocks and coarse-grained sediments. The third area (western area) is includes settlements from Neolithic to contemporary period and farming fields. Overall, these three areas for a long time, because of the rocky shelters in Zagros Mountains have been good place to live a human. On the other hand, these areas because of animals and suitable vegetation them, have been provider of food for human groups. Furthermore, because of existence conglomerate sediments eastern highlands of Dalpari in Dehloran, human access has been easy to rich sources of raw rock for make stone tools. This area that is more than 30 kilometers long, on the way of Zagros Mountains of Dalpari near to Dehloran plain and Dasht-e Abbas, covered with stone tools. These stone tools are containing of indicator samples of points, blades, centripetal core, Levallois chips. These samples can be sign of human existence at least from the middle Paleolithic period. So, existence of the Neolithic settlements to the late Islamic era is sign of a long process from the settlement human in this area.