جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شاهان صفوی » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

Some periods of the rule of some kings of the Safavian era were a relative experience of establishing security, and this is remarkable in terms of its multidimensionality; Because these periods, which are related to the reign of Shah Ismail I, Shah Tahmasb I, Shah Abbas I and Shah Abbas II, are a period of increased security, not only in the limits of the power center and the capital, but in the complete territory. He opened Iran. Considering that some parts of the rule of some Safavian kings are a relatively successful example of security in Iran, the present study seeks to answer the question of why the initial and relative establishment of multidimensional security in some parts of the Safavian period is a stable tradition in Balanced development of security did not become? The method of collecting library information and research method is also descriptive-analytical. The results of this research show that the preparation of internal security policies from the point of view of controlling the riots and curbing separatist tendencies at times; Strengthening defense and military deterrence; Promoting committed diplomacy in terms of adherence to treaties and a coalition approach with other governments; and providing economic security through the flourishing of trade and management of transportation routes in some periods were among the methods of providing security for the Safavian government. In addition to these, the unsustainability of the balanced development of security in some periods of the Safavian kings' rule was caused by the lack of institutionalization of the balanced development in the Safavian government.

The important action of Shah Ismail I (907-930 A.H.) in recognizing the Shia religion in Iran, and establishing a link between religion and politics in the Safavid government, played a major role in creating political unity and forming national and territorial identity.After the formation of the government, the Safavids realized that they needed extensive cultural and civilizational measures to establish this religion in the society and institutionalize it.These measures were made possible by utilizing the capacity of religious institutions and Shiite scholars. Safavid made extensive efforts for cultural and civil measures in line with the policy of Shiite of the society and stabilization of the position of this religion.By building mosques as a religious base that had the task of promoting Shia belief and jurisprudence in society, and by rebuilding Shia shrines and Imamzadeh mosque, the Safavids were able to institutionalize and expand Shi’ism in Iranian culture and expand mosques and build religious buildings. The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of the mosque in disseminating Shia education in the Iranian society of the Safavid era, in a descriptive-analytical way. The findings of the research have shown that during the Safavid era, with the expansion of the tradition of building mosques and rebuilding and reforming previous mosques, this religious base was used favorably with the help of Shia scholars in promoting and disseminating Shia knowledge in the society.

"Chegins" referred to a group of cannibal executioners in the court of the Safavid kings who attacked the victim like wild animals and ate him alive on the order of the king. The importance of the issue is that some researchers have considered these heinous acts to be caused by sectarian motives. The present research examines the validity and inaccuracy of these historical reports with a descriptive-analytical approach, using a library method based on historical study, and discusses the motivation of this action. The findings of the research indicate that the commission of this act was recorded at least several times during the period of the Safavid kings. Since the opinion of the Qazlbasans towards the Safavid Shah at the beginning of the Safavid period was so exaggerated that they considered him to be the embodiment of God, therefore, during the period of Shah Esmail I, the recorded cannibalism was considered to be a proof of the loyalty of the Qazlbasans to the master and the king. But during the period of Shah Abbas I, cannibalism was a political act and far from sectarian motives. It seems that the commission of such acts is the result of personal and political biased thoughts of some Safavid kings, as well as the motivations of this act were also analyzed as a foolish behavior combined with the ignorance of a group of Safavid supporters. Of course, new research approaches regarding the political-religious tendencies of Qazlbashan during the Safavid period can be obtained for the researcher by reflecting on the religious rituals of Qazlbashan and also the motivation of the Safavid kings in ordering this action.

Shah Abbas I and his successors needed a warship in order to exercise complete sovereignty over the water territories and enjoy maritime interests. From the beginning of the Safavid government, the Europeans posed a serious challenge to Iran's domination of the waters with the help of warships. As a result, an important challenge occurred in the relations between the two sides. It has been asked in this research that what has been done to overcome the obstacles in the navy during Shah Abbas I's Open Door policy, and what the results were. A descriptive-analytical approach was used to explain these issues. The findings of the study indicate that Shah Abbas and his successors did not benefit from the open door policy with the Europeans to equip the navy. They were willing to grant political, religious and economic privileges to Britain, the Netherlands and France. However, they failed to achieve their goal and the power of the Safavid state, as one of the most important states in the Islamic world, was not upgraded from a regional power to an international one. The expulsion of the Portuguese from the Persian Gulf during the reign of Shah Abbas has been exaggerated. In fact, Shah Abbas I's action was a temporary relief for this government.

This paper suggest the interpretation of the images woven on Safavid precious textiles in their historical context. The thesis is that the mythical and literary subject of the discovery of fire by Shah Hushang was used by the Safavids in their negotiation concerning the supply of the firearms to Iran. The images of Hushang slaying the dragon on the silks of the third quarter of the sixteenth century reflect different stages of this diplomatic mission and the object sewn out of these textiles served as meaningful presents to the interested parties.

Many documents and correspondence have been written and issued during Safavid period. In this regards, the governmental decrees that have been issued about the Armenians which are well-known as Persian decrees of the Matenadaran, could be useful for researchers of Safavid history in many aspects. Although these decrees have been issued on how to manage the Armenian minority in Iran, but they cover several dimensions of the Armenians’ life and show the orientations of Safavid in various aspects. Undoubtedly the study of these decrees and documents is necessary to provide a more accurate and less incomplete picture of the prevailing political - social spirit of the society during Safavid era. In addition, it will pave the way to gain a more transparent observation on religious policy of Safavid about its non Muslim subjects.

Dynasties of kings of Iran had a particular relations with Georgians from the old era. The position of Georgians, land have caused that two super powers of the Old Age, Iran emperors, and Roman Empire, to give attention to this nation. After collapse of Sasani kingdom and establish of Islamic government, rivalry with Roman for Georgia ended. Safavid kings were attacking Georgia always, to lead in to captivity the people, especially the yang girls and the boys, that they were very pretty and nice, and to acquisition of spoils. They name this attacks, Jehad and Ghaza (holy war). On Safavid period, Georgia belonged to Iran kingdom. But Aqa Muhammad Khan, the Qajar king attacked Georgia and massacred the people and took very captives. Hence, the Georgians became weary from Iran and went towards Russia. This essay studies Safavid relations with Georgians by stress on aims of Safavidkings.

After the establishment of the Safavids in iran and the construction of the Gurkanids dynasty in India, concerning the previous relations between the two dynasties till the time of Amir Teimour Gurkani and Khoja Ali Safavi, there was a stable and close tie between the Safavids kings and Indian Gurkani emperors. Although there were ups and downs in these relations, Kndhar plyed an important role in the fluctuations of these ties. This article will deal with the relationships beteen these two dynasties in the time of some of their kings.

Gizilbash rose as tribes at the beginning of Safavid rising in Azerbaijan then immediately dispersed in almost every region in Iran. They attained powerful social and economical positions, in fact they were Military bases of safavid government, but they also caused many problems for government. Gizilbash were mentally Shiite sofi became orthodoxy Shiite missionaries of twelvefolds, so Safavid kings made more economical benefits for them thus Gizilbash became one of the powerful social classes of Safavid era. Shah Abbas I, one of the greatest king of safavid dynasty hit the knockdown blow to their chiefs because of mistrust to this class; this policy was one of the reasons of safavid government decline and followed by the next Safavid kings. Although the mentional reason is represented one of the reasons of Safavids decline so far in many books and articles but this topic hasn’t dealt with seperatly yet. In this article we try to deal with peak and decline of Gizilbash class economically with existing references.