جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "عناصر تزئینی" در نشریات گروه "تاریخ"

A façade constitutes a significant element of the entrances found in the historical residences of Yazd, Iran. These façades are integral to the decorative aspects of the houses, prominently positioned above the entrance doors and serving as one of the initial spaces encountered by visitors. Although there have been numerous valuable studies focusing on the residential architecture of Yazd, the entrances of these houses have not been thoroughly examined. Consequently, this article employs a descriptive-analytical approach to explore the façades of houses within Yazd’s heritage area. The inquiries pertinent to this study are: 1. What materials are utilized in the construction and embellishment of façades? And 2. What decorative patterns are prevalent in façade design? To tackle these inquiries, a detailed study of the heritage area in Yazd was performed, which included the collection of field data to compile the essential information. The findings revealed that bricks serve as the primary material for façade decoration. Plaster is employed both as a binding agent and for ornamental purposes. While tiles are also used, they primarily serve a decorative function, with clay decorations functioning as mortars, reflecting the city’s architectural heritage. Other materials, including cement, sand mortars, and boulders, are utilized in a more limited capacity. Geometric patterns dominate the decorative elements, predominantly rendered in brickwork. Additionally, floral motifs are often applied with plaster over brick surfaces. Inscriptions are frequently observed on the façades, primarily crafted from plaster, tiles, and bricks, with stones appearing in some limited instances. Moreover, the design of dulcimer-shaped columns and other embellishments reflects influences from Western artistic traditions.

During the Seljuk era, Iranian art and architecture experienced significant growth and change. This period can be said to mark the beginning of the use of colorful tiles in architecture and paving the way for the flourishing and progress of decorative arts in later periods. Some of the arts which were widely employed in the architecture of the Seljuk era included brick work, stucco decoration, coloring, and creating various designs in the exterior sides of buildings. Accordingly, the love of luxury, as manifested in the architectural works of this period, is considered to be an important factor in the development of artistic renaissance. Following a descriptive method, while introducing the architecture of the Seljuk period, this paper examines the features and methods of Islamic architecture of the fifth and sixth centuries (AH) in the realm of Iranian art and architecture.