جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « محلی » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

Local historiography is a style of historiography to which historians pay special attention. Local historiography has local aspects and examines the near and distant past of the relevant geographical area with a detailed and more accurate look. In Mazandaran, various local histories have been written, including Ibn Esfandyar’s »History of tabarestan«, Oliaollah Amoli’s »History of Royan«, and Seyyed Zahirudin Marashi’s »History of TAbarestan, Royan, and Mazandaran« and »History of Gilan and Dilmestan«. A historiographer reflects the type of his attitude and thought, and that of a nation towards his surroundings and the surrounding society, and no doubt there is a direct connection between the life of a historiographer and his historiography.The main issue of the present study is what factors have caused Seyyed Zahirudin Marashi’s contradictions and mistakes in historiography. It seems that Marashi’s contradictions and mistakes in explaining the events have been influenced by the duality of place and religion (Shia of the Twelve Imams). The research method in this article is historical (inductive) and its writing and compilation method is descriptive-analytical. The Extraction of information and data has been done in the form of libraries and documents. This article tries to take a religious (Shiite) approach to explain the historiography of Seyyed Zahirudin Marashi .

Local history of Halvan. The customs and achievements of civilization based on written and oral sources were studied by descriptive and analytical methods and field studies. And these developments have been depicted with reference to reliable sources. Helwan, one of the eight ancient cities of the world, the gateway to Islam in Iran, which became the center of Islamic civilization, the existence of abundant natural resources, strategic location and the Silk Road route attracted the attention of the powers. Halwan was a large city in the fourth century AH. This city was abandoned for a long time after its conquest by the Seljuks and the historic earthquake (544 AH). The seventh century with the Mongol invasion accelerated the destruction of the city and a collection of several tens of incomes. Qazvini at the end of the seventh century and Hamdollah Mostofi in the middle of the eighth century describe it as an abandoned city.

The cannon, as a heavy, collective, expensive weapon, requiring training in the use and expense of construction, maintenance, and deployment could only be in the hands of the central government. Historical evidence suggests that the use of this modern weapon has been a decisive and accelerating factor in controlling centrifugal forces, suppressing local rogue rulers, and consolidating and expanding central sovereignty. As a result of the expansion of central government authority over all the Safavid territory gained through the shelling of the cannon, the reign of Shah Abbas I was accompanied by the least internal strife, and this resulted in great victories in the frontier battles (the conquest of Yerevan by Shah Safi and the conquest of Kandahar and the defense of it three times against the Mongolian government of India), which also relied on artillery fire. With the emergence of signs of weakness of the Safavid rule and the start of widespread border revolts, although the gunners have always been part of the army, their incapability in effectively use artillery in the fortress war (face to face war) led to the overthrown of the  government army and eventually, the collapse of the Safavids.  In the repression of local rulers if the "fortress war" took place, the destructive power of the bullets and the sound of cannon shattering would defeat any resistance, but in the " fortress war and face-to-face" wars, in the Safavid period, sufficient skill was used. The artillery was not effective and decisive. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies