جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ممسنی » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

The Javid tribe is one of the four tribes of the Lor Mamasani Union of Fars. This clan lived with Rostam, Dushman Ziyari, and Bekash clans in the northwest of Fars. Their tasks were leadership, cohesion, and support of the public in political and social developments. The management system among them somehow showed the tribe's management style in this union. This system always underwent changes due to reasons, such as the competition for the post of sheriffdom and involvement of central government agents in the selection of sheriffs. Considering the importance of changing the sheriffs of the Javid clan and people’s actions in the mentioned region in the socio-political stances of the Mamasani tribe and the way the events were influenced by their actions, this research aimed to investigate the influence of government officials in the process of changing the sheriffs of the Javid tribe and the people’s reactions. Regarding these governmental changes during the Qajar period, Javid intended to answer this question: which people or families in the post of sheriffdom underwent a rise and fall caused by the change of sheriffs in Javid tribe? The research investigated this issue based on a library method with the help of new documents belonging to some local families and through the comparative study of the gravestones of the families of the management station in this area and interviews with people, who were knowledgeable about the issues of the area.

Bushehr had a high status and was of high importance among the southern entry routes and ports in Iran on the coast of the Persian Gulf during the Qajar period (1210-1344 AH/1788-1925 AD). This port city was considered the center of economic exchanges, political and cultural relations, and even military affairs. Connection of this important center with the inner cities and the capital, as well as the ongoing issues related to this connection through Bushehr-Shiraz road network, added to the need for paying more attention to this subject matter. The passage of this transportation route through the areas controlled by Mamasani tribes and their strong impacts on the security and prosperity of activities along this road or insecurity, sluggishness, and the many problems created in this regard indicated the active and reactive effects of this road network triggered by the tribal structure of inhabitants surrounding it. Considering the importance of this issue, this study aimed to investigate the effects of tribal elements on the functions of the roads through Mamasani District along Bushehr-Shiraz road network during the Qajar period. In fact, we sought to answer this question: "What effects did the Lor tribes of Mamasani District have on the functioning of the roads in this region along the important Bushehr-Shiraz road network during the Qajar period?" This research dealt with this issue through library, documentary, and field study methods.

The Shiraz and Mamasani Conquest by Manoochehr Khan Motamed-al-Dowleh Gorji and his dominance over this land and the whole Fars State, from 1834 to1836 AD is one of the most important historical events in Fars and Iran during the Qajar dynasty. In his manuscript, ‘Madayih Al-Motamedieh’, written in his name to describe his political life, intentionally or unintentionally, the events that happened during these two years are briefly and practically distorted. Unfortunately, in other first-hand sources, only brief and repetitive references to this period have been made. This paper aims at explaining Shiraz and Mamasani Conquest by Manoochehr Khan Motamed-al-Dowleh and his political style in Fars based on first-hand sources. Moreover, this article also discusses the importance of why the state of Fars has been so important in the eyes of the Qajar government and has always been the center of discord and policy-making.

This paper is based on the memoir ‘Madayih Al-Motamedieh’, applying a personal historiographical method to describe the biography of a Qajar politic called Manoochehr Khan Motamed-al-Dowleh Gorji, written in 1843 AD. As the title shows, this memoir praises him; however, it is worth mentioning that Mirza Mohammad Ali Bahar, through his talent and subtlety in writing, has portrayed his personality and behavior. The main question in this paper is why a memoir, written to portray Motamed-al-Dowleh’s conquests, has only briefly mentioned Shiraz and Mamasani conquest even though this is one of his most important achievements. Surprisingly, other sources have ignored what has happened during these two years too. It seems that the conquest had been so disastrous that a memoir, which aimed at praising a governor, had to hide the facts. Other sources, however, need to be searched considering why they had refrained from mentioning these events. The author is Mirza Mohammad Ali Mazhab Isfahani, called Farhang/Bahar. In a long ‘introduction’, he explains the dominance of Motamed-al-Dowleh Gorji. Manoochehr Khan Gorji had a noble family in Georgia, Russia. He was captured in 1803 during the Iran-Russia wars and was taken to Tehran. It seems that he was castrated by the government and was sent as a slave to the king’s palace. This painful misfortune left a lifelong psychological effect on him. He used his culture and knowledge of some languages and political talent to find an important place in the palace. After Mirza Abdolvahab Nishat Isfahani died in 1829, Manoochehr Khan replaced him. During Fath-Ali Shah and Mohammad Shah, two Qajar kings, he became the governor of Fars.

This research is a library and contrastive analysis of first-hand sources to explain the subject of research according to the memoir ‘Madayih Al-Motamedieh.’ Different sources have mentioned the events very briefly. The authors of this study used the contrastive method to collect different parts like a puzzle from different sources to put forward a holistic picture of what had happened during those two years.

Motamed Al-Dowleh had authority over the affairs. According to many sources, he helped Mohammad Shah to strengthen his power over Tehran, Isfahan, and Fars. Later, Mohammad Mirza joined Motamed Al-Dowleh, the governor of Guilan to fight against other claimants. Georgians supported Mohammad Shah in all affairs. Motamed Al-Dowleh was sent to conquer Fars state in 1834. He then passed the doors of Fars and conquered the State in that year after three days. After a while, he attacked country people to get their property. It seems that most of these issues are not mentioned in the memoir, issues like the suicide of women in Fars. As it is observed in general histories, local sources, and other reports, the government of Manoochehr Khan on Fars state and nearby states had been a government of terror and horror. The tower that he made out of living human bodies of Fars was so horrendous, which is reflected in the itineraries of travelers. The reason behind this inhuman atrocity maybe for his ruthless personality. Even based on psychological studies, it is possible to find a type of suppressed anguish and anger resulted from his castration. Furthermore, Fars state was a wealthy state because of farming and trading, therefore the central government advised governors to use force to get high taxes from states’ heads, tradesmen. Then the central government played the role of a savior by dismissing the governor and confiscating the properties. This happened about Manoochehr Khan too. It is not strange why a memoir written about Motamed Al-Dowleh has ignored his inhumane atrocities. Based on documents, his two-year government on Fars was a government of deception. The researchers have to collect the parts of the puzzle form different texts to conclude what had happened to urban and rural societies during the Qajar was a dark, ruthless image.

Mamasani or Mamasni was a tribe of the natives of the southern part of Zagros, who were engaged in animal husbandry and seasonal Go out and, according to various narratives and reasons, including such a Go out and warrior, sought to find a rangeland and a better place to live in the region. Shallastat Imam, the natives suppressed the area and dominated the area, which today is called the mamasani. Shulestanat (nowadays known as Mamasani) is located in the northwest of Shiraz and southwest of Fars province. And in each historical period, it was partly separated from the city or province. In recent years, the clan of Rustam has been separated from the Mamsani tribe in the form of an independent City called Rostam. Mamasani people have special customs and common customs with their other contemporaries like Bakhtiyari and even Fars,the folk of Lors of Mamasani which resides in fars province and Rostam have preserved many of their ceremonies and traditional customs, and even today, in weddings, mourning , Nowruz and ... do them. Shiite mamasani are religious but in religion and law there is a lot of tolerance. The daily life with livestock and agriculture, as well as today with the employment of some state and government institutions along with trade and ..., is the same as in the past, these people, in addition to farming and livestock, have plundered and piracy, hunting, and ... also made livelihoods, which itself always provoked opposition to rulers and time-wasting governments.

The policy of resettlement of nomadic tribes was a structural and infrastructural plan that Reza Shah made in order to renovate the social life and to have a centralized government in the administration of the society. He prepared this plan with the help of the nationalist political elites and applied it by the army. Now the question is that due to the incompatibility between the policy of centralization and the traditional structure of the nomadic life, what kind of mechanisms the government used to apply the plan of the resettlement of nomadic tribes. This research proposes that the government used specific programs to execute the plan of the resettlement of the nomadic tribes. These programs included getting commitments from the heads of the nomadic tribes to exert their influence on the nomadic tribes and preparing dwellings and jobs for them to illustrate the way of their new life. This descriptive- analytic approach using historical documents, achieved these ignoring their tribes, the use of force is to implement the program, establishment of the tribes in undesirable places, the lack of implementation of proper enforcement agents after the accommodation, lack of supervision, and economic losses due to the loss of animals found limited success.

Historical geography is a common area between the two science of history and geography, which is very important in field research. The present study is conducted in the field of documentary and field studies, seeking to investigate and analyze the historical geography of the Doshman Ziyari area. The Doshman Ziyari is one of the areas of the city of Noor Abad, Mamasani, in the northwestern side of Fars province, in a mountainous region, which, despite its proximity to the metropolis of Shiraz, remains pristine and unknown. The findings of the present study indicate that this region was previously called "Tir Mardan", In addition to the current area of the Doshman Ziari, has included parts of Javid, Tange Bovan and even the ghalee sefid. The attack on Afghans in Persia in 1339 AH. His villages burnt in the fire and his people were scattered. During the late Safavid dynasty, Doshman Ziyari's tribe clustered along with other tribes of Mamasani migrated to this area and after the residence, they put their name on this area.

Anbooran region or todays Mamasani county has had an especial situation as a communicating bridge of three political, commercial, and economic centers of Pasargad, Shoosh, Kohgiluyeh and Bushehr (Reyshahr). Because of being located on the Shahi road of Estakhr to shoosh and also being located on the commercial road of Jenabeh (Genaveh)Deylam to Tavaj and also a division of the commercial road of spices, this territory has always had a vital and prominent role. This exceptional situation had created a privileged status with a fundamental function in the social and economic conditions of that period in south part of Iran. Accordingly, the paper intends to deal with historical geography of Mamasani and to illustrate the role of connecting and commercial roads of this region.

During the reign of Muzaffar al-Din Shah، Shulestan lands were decided to be conceded to Moein al-Tojjar Booshehri as a result of various factors such as shortage of appropriate financial resources، widespread administrative and financial corruption، and the influence of powerful individuals and groups. Moein al-Tojjar، because of the reasons mentioned in this article، started holding lands along with doing business in order to consolidate his power and wealth. To establish his ownership of Shulestan lands، or Mamsani، he focused on state and local factors and tried to take advantage of them for his own benefit. His main goal was to create a gap between the Khans and headmen of the territory and to weaken sheriff or tribal management position. To achieve his goals، he caused crisis in the area relying on the support from Qajar government. Besides، Gajar government sent his military force to Shulestan several times to support Moein al-Tojjar، but they defeated. Undoubtedly، the resistance of locals to prevent the allocation of Mansani lands to Moein al-Tojjar made him find a new way to take control of the lands. To seek military support from Qashqaees، he was forced to rent a part of the land Solat al-Doule، Qashqaee Khan. Finally، at the end of Qajar dynasty and the beginning of Pahlavi the first، Boyer Ahmad khans fought the government forces of Shulestan in favor of Emamgholi Khan Rostam. The action caused nothing but widespread insecurity، killing innocent people and harming people and creating ethnic divisions between the locals.