جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "basrah" در نشریات گروه "تاریخ"

With the establishment of the Umayyad rule, the use of rhetoric and threats with a violent approach became one of the most important components of ensuring the security of the Umayyad rule. It is important to identify the mechanisms that were relied on to influence the audience at that time. This article seeks to answer the question of why Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf used violent sermons (khuṭbah) when facing the Iraqi people with the descriptive-analytical method. Findings of the research indicate that Ḥajjāj used words with a negative psychological effect in her sermons (khuṭbah) such as villain, maidservant (handmaiden), hypocrite, sedition seeker, and deceiver. Also, by slandering, threatening to kill, mocking, demeaning, and calling people and likening them to animals, he destroyed his audience in terms of character and instilled a sense of inferiority in them, being undervalued, hopelessness, and fear in order to dominate them until that strengthen himself and prevent the possibility of rebellion and uprising of the opponents.

After the death of Nadir Shah there was a great disturbance. Karim Khan was successful to dominate most areas after several years of tension over Iran.Mir Mohanna could be the ruler of Bandar Reeg by using the the status quo. Unlike the other rulers who were united with Karim Khan Zand, he revolted against Karim Khan. Zand troops attacked Bandar Reeg to suppres him and captured Mir Mohanna. After freedom and coming back to Bandar Reeg, Mir Mahna destroyed commercial office and England Castle and expel all English from Bandar Reeg. This event led forces to attack Bandar Reeg again. Karim Khan failure in repression of Mir Mahna caused him to sign a contract with England. According to this contract, Kharg Island was awarded to England if Mir Mahna failed.This study deals with issues of conflict between Karim Khan and Mir Mohanna. It also studies the conflicts between Mir Mohana and foreign companies and the role of foreign governments, particularly England, in repression of Mir Mahna.

With the advent of Islam and the beginning of Revelation, a new class rose to prominence in the Islamic community that came to be known as the ghurra' (the Readers of the Qur'an). They were ranked among the prominent and the elite in the Muslim community. To know the ghurra' and examine their role in the cultural and political developments of the 1ST century A.H. is the main point of this discussion.From the cultural point of view, the ghurra' were the leaders of thought and pioneers of production and spread of different branches of knowledge such as the Qur'an and its interpretation, figh'h (law), hadith (the Prophet's tradition), history and Arab literature in the Islamic civilization. With their presence in newly - conquered regions, they played an important role in the conquerd people's conversion to Islam. In their relations with governments, sometiomes they lent them support giving them legitimacy and strengthening their positions. At other times, they criticized them and protested their actions even to the extent of confrontation; thus sustaining different kinds of sufferings, some being imprisoned and beaten, others being lynched or sent into exile.