جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « conspiracy theory » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

In his book “The Rising of the People,” Naser Porpirar raises doubts about the reign of Naser al-Din Shah and his journey to Europe. A significant portion of his work focuses on analyzing photographs of Naseruddin Shah in Iran, as well as Mozafaruddin Shah’s photographs, the Constitution, and other less significant materials. This article thoroughly examines the most crucial statements after scrutinizing and disproving Porpirar’s claims regarding Naseruddin Shah’s European trip. By consulting various sources and photo archives, the article also establishes the inaccuracy of Porpirar’s assertions. It becomes evident that Porpirar lacks familiarity with historical and photographic sources in these materials, and his flawed investigative approach yields incorrect outcomes, similar to his previous cases.

In his series of blog notes in 2013, which were published a few years later in his book “The Rising of the People”, Naser Pourpirar claimed that Naser al-Din Shah never went to Europe and that his photos during these trips were fake. He also claimed that the news of his travels was not reflected in the publications. In this article, by referring to sources, archives of photos and publications, while presenting a number of photos of Naser al-Din Shah during his trip to Europe, the news of Naser al-Din Shah’s first trip to Europe in 1873 AD, is briefly extracted from the Graphic weekly and the claim of Porpirar. As a result of this research, it has been found that Porpirar’s statements in this regard are completely false and due to his ignorance of the sources, photo collections and publications of that time.

In his series of blog notes in 2013, which were published a few years later in his book “The Rise of the People”, Naser Pourpirarclaimed that Naser al-Din Shah never went to Europe and his photos during these trips were fake.In this article, referring to the sources and archives, this claim has been examined and it has been shown that not only Porpirar’s claim is false, but none of his arguments and opinions about the samples he examined are correct either. He had no knowledge in the field of photography, photo archives, and the history of photography, and for this reason, he did not know the difference between an original photo and a printed photo, and he made a mistake. In addition, he did not even know enough about Qajar history and the travelogues of Naser al-Din Shah, as well as the history and historical places of Europe. The reason for his mistakes is his lack of knowledge, ambiguity of the basics and methods of research, the use of baseless assumptions and logical fallacies; and in general, hisstatementscannot be considered scientific in this regard.

This article, with a descriptive-analytical approach, studies the common cultural components of politics and societies in contemporary Iran, and because each society has its own characteristics that separate it from other societies. And determine the dominant discourse on society in various social institutions; it attempts to determine the cultural features of Iran, its impact on the two institutions of politics and sport, which include the social institutions of modern times, and by creating a link between sociology, political sociology and sport sociology, the answer is to what extent the culture has created similarities between politics and football in contemporary Iran? The findings of this paper show that, despite the differences between the institution of politics and sport, due to their impact on culture, we see the existence of common components among them. Moreover, the purpose of this research is that, with the sociological approach to politics and sport, and with the proper planning and long-term cultural planning by the elite of the political and government elite in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the possibility of strengthening the positive components and reducing the impact Sustainable negative components are provided.

Although in the Safavid period there a mainly friendly relationship between Iran and Europe, there was a constant suspicion toward the Europeans. The suspicion was the result of various factors. Lack of information about Europe, the Europeans’ enjoyment with sophisticated weapon and warships, the propagandas of the Christian missionaries and the Europeans companies’ profiteering caused a constant doubt about their real aims. As a result, all of the Europeans, even the ambassadors were subject to the allegation of spying and conspiracy. As time went, mistrust and suspicions intensified and when the decline of the Safavid Ottoman governments revealed, the anxiety became more serious. The doubts caused the British and Dutch companies charged with helping the Afghan. During the reign of the Afsharid and the Zands, the Europeans were at the mercy of suspicion. In the Qajar period, suspicions and doubt about the European’s aims became more serious, resulted in the appearance of the conspiracy theory. Having used the historical method, the research is to survey the reasons and results of the Iranian’s suspicion towards the Europeans from the Safavid period to the Qajar one.