جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "historical evidence" در نشریات گروه "تاریخ"

One of the important issues is how to communicate and interact between spiritual and material culture; Architecture as a material culture has a wide range and the wideness of this range has made it related to many sciences, some of which are a subset of occult sciences and shows the influence of spiritual culture on material culture. This research seeks to answer how different branches of occult sciences are used in different stages of the formation of architecture, and it is written with the aim of analyzing a part of the relationship between occult sciences and architecture, citing the history and geography texts, which has been overlooked by other researchers. Therefore, this research with a descriptive-analytical approach tries to examine the relationship between architecture and occult sciences from various aspects. The findings of the research show that during the foundation stage of cities and buildings, the sciences of constellational power (a branch of Himiya) were used, and for the construction of buildings, Kimia, Simya, Himiya, Limiya and Rimya were used; Also, during the exploitation phase, talismans have been used as additional elements of architecture in the form of sculptures, paintings and inscriptions. The documents show that among the occult sciences, the role of talismans in architecture and urban development has been more than others, and additional elements of images and inscriptions have been the main tools used in architectural spaces, which magicians and talisman makers use for different purposes such as protection, prosperity or to conquer people. These talismans in the form of images include human, animal, bird, strange creatures and astronomical images.

The ideas and dates used in the inscriptions of historical monuments provide important clues about the  history of construction and the political and administrative climate of the time. The inscription of Shaarbafi workshop dated 921 AD located in the ancient "Shah Abul Qasim" area of Yazd, is one of the most interesting examples in this field. Further study of the inscriptions and the designs that adorn them has naturally revealed that the date recorded does not correspond to the time when the inscription was executed. Therefore, the following essay will attempt to resolve the ambiguities and determine the exact nature of the inscriptions and using a historical-analytical method. The following are the main questions of current research: 1. Why is the recognized inscription not from the Safavid period? 2. To which epoch should the inscription be assigned on the basis of the data now available? The gap between the two frames is bordered with plant motifs, and this text is decorated with geometric, plant, animal and human motifs. The subjects of the inscriptions listed include words from the Quran, supplications, Arabic phrases, and Persian songs such as the well-known work of Mohtasham Kashani. Khursheed khanom (sun pattern) plays a role in two of them. The results of the study show that the function of khursheed khanom (sun pattern) and the way it is played, including curly hairstyles, continuous eyebrows, and large eyes, can be effectively compared with examples from the Qajar era. Moreover, Mohtsham Kashani, one of Shah Tahmasb's court poets, probably wrote his famous song at this time. The framing of the above inscription is comparable to that of the Malikzadeh house of the Qajar period or that of Hosseinieh Nazim al-Tojjar in Yazd. The added date can be considered unreliable for the reasons mentioned above, and it can be assumed that the inscription in question is from the Qajar period.

The city of Bushehr became an influential commercial and political center during the Qajar period. In this regard, governmental buildings were constructed in this city, most of which were destroyed due to subsequent urban growth. The Bushehr governmental citadel was a well-known monument during the Qajar period, which was demolished without any trace later. Based on documentary and visual historical evidence, this article reveals various aspects of this building and introduces the different parts of this citadel.

During the 7th-8th centuries AH, Sirjan was one the most important and valid cities in the Kerman region which was ruled by local states known as Qarakhtaian and Al Mozafar. Not only Sirjan is mentioned in many historical sources but also multiple excavations have been done in the city's old historical context. Most of the archaeological studies on this city are limited from early Islamic era until Saljooghi era and the middle centuries especially 7th-8th centuries AH are less concerned. Therefore, the main goal of this article is to evaluate the city's status during 7th-8th centuries AH based on historic and archaeological facts. In this research we used descriptive-comparative approach, historical analysis and in order to gather the essential data, we applied field studies and valid documents to answer this question: What were the most important historical and archaeological transformations in Sirjan during 7th-8th centuries AH? As a result of our studies, we found that between 6th and 9th centuries AH the old city was relocated and expanded towards west to the current Ghal-e Sang region. Nevertheless, the city was still considered by several governors and because of this matter, numerous defensive structures was built all around the city. Also by studying various types of potteries in this era of Sirjan, we found that the city enjoyed social-economic dynamism and the residents used diverse types of potteries; manufactured inside and outside the region. This point indicates the existence of an extensive commercial relations with other domestic urban centers and possibly with foreign cities. Some of the remarkable types of potteries in this era of Sirjan are Zarin Faam, Sultan Abadi, Lajevardineh and Seladon.