جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "karim khan zand" در نشریات گروه "تاریخ"

Shi'ism, which became a fundamental factor and agent in the way rulers interacted with followers of other Islamic sects and religious minorities with the establishment of the Safavid state, was also of significant importance during the Zand period and the rule of Karim Khan Zand. The present article aims to examine the religious policy of Karim Khan Zand, based on the views of Antonio Gramsci, the theorist behind the concept of "hegemony." This approach relies on cultural and ideological dominance, emphasizing the power of human thought and will in transforming social dominance and strategizes on creating change in the hegemonic system towards public consent. This research employs a descriptive-analytical method and relies on library and documentary methods to examine the aspects of hegemonic representation in the religious politics of Karim Khan Zand. The findings indicate that Karim Khan endeavored to rely on hegemony to generate and regenerate public consent. In his interactions with religious and sectarian minorities and Shia scholars, as the most significant political and civil actors in the country, he represented his hegemony and, in most cases, instead of resorting to violence, used hegemonic power to persuade individuals and social groups to accept the beliefs, convictions, and values favored by his government.

Local dynasties, especially in the periods of intercession, have been important influential factors in the historical developments of southern Iran and the Persian Gulf. The current research deals with one of the lesser known Sheikhs of the interval between the collapse of the Afshar government and the establishment of the Zand government, Sheikh Hajar Kangani, who gained local authority in Kangan port. The research focuses on: "Why did Kangan Port become a platform for the formation of local power by Sheikh Hajar? What ups and downs did his power go through and how did he face the foreign powers present in the Persian Gulf and Karim Khan Zand?" Studying the evidence confirms that Kangan port achieved relative superiority in commercial prosperity due to increased insecurity in other ports, its geographical and strategic location in the light of Sheikh Hajar's actions became important as one of the connection points between Shiraz and the Persian Gulf. So Sheikh Hajar became an important local power. But his tension with the British, refusing to participate in the war with Mir Mahna and resisting the tax demands of the Zand government led to the darkness of Sheikh Hajar's relations with it, Zand Corps’ military attack to Kangan and the end of his work. The method of this historical research is descriptive and analytical. Data Collection done mainly in a library style, and as the case, using oral history and surveying works.

A study of the role and position of the koraee tribe in the political and military developments of Kohgiluyeh from the Safavid to the end of the Zand period (1209-907 AH) koraee also is one of the small tribes in the kohgilouyeh-Boyerahmad area which their first role-playing in political change in Iran can be emplored in moguls period mentioned tribes forced migration during the government of shah Abbas I, Nader shah Afshar and karim khan Zand can be recognized as a result of significant affect of this tribe on political changes in south and south-west areas of Iran. Although the role of this small tribe on political changes of this area is not comparable with the two powerful tribes: Boyerahmad and Bakhtyari, but the resultant of koraee tribes role on political changes of south and south-west after end of Safavid period until the death of Karim khan Zand with supporting revolt of fake Safi-mirza and Ghaed-morad koraee and disobedience from mentioned central governments order in addition to cause trouble and difficulty for central government could influence role playing of areas bigger tribes. The main issue of the research is inducting a corner of political martial life-time of koraee tribe and the main guestion is also related to this subject that this tribe had what role and place in Kohgilouyeh Boyerahmad from almost end of Safavid period until the end of Zand dynasty.

Following the collapse of the Safavid dynasty, Iran experienced a new historical phase. One of the significant features of this era, was the immigration, residence and dominance of different tribal groups toward the northern side of the Persian Gulf. After Nader Shah came to power, he gave special attention to the Persian Gulf, established the Navy and used the capacity and seamanship of some of these immigrant tribes. The fusion of these tribes and Iranians, gave them a unique status as the Naderi soldiery. The founder of Zandiyeh dynasty, Karim Khan Zand, notably profited from these local powers to set up his dominance all over the country and stabilized his court in Shiraz. In this research, the role of one of the important leaders named GhaedHeidar, as one of the allies of Zandiyeh government, has been carefully studied. This research has studied GhaedHeidar’s relationships with Zandieyeh government, foreign companies and also his two southern neighbors, Al-Zaab in Bandar Rig and Al-Mazkoor in Bushehr. The purpose of the present study is to determine how Haider's relationship with Karim Khan, EIC and VOC companies and other local governors was. Moreover, what led to tense relations between them will be investigated. This historical research is descriptive-analytical and relies on documentary and library sources.

In The history of economic thought reflect, thoughts and ideas of all schools of thought social, political and philosophical society in the establishment and development of school building. influenced That's the idea of economic, social and political conditions of the time are by the environment.Mercantilism credid as a moment of history almost from the beginning of the sixteenth century, beginning in( 1776 CE / 1191 AH) With the publication of Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, loses its credibility. It represents the interests of the political elite school of mercantilism was at the beginning of the modern state. Since that time, the formation and consolidation of the nation-state had certain priorities, Economic activity also serves the purpose of creating strong government revenue. The Moment when the said period almost coincides with the beginning of the reign of the Safavid until the last years of the reign of Karim Khan in Iran. Although can not be exactly consistent with the views mercantile theorists know the Shah Abbas I and Nader Shah Afshar and karim khan, However, some functions and actions can be evaluated and analyzed them in this regard. This study of some characteristics of the mercantilist approach to understand the Iranian rulers at that time used, And through this effort, the theoretical framework applied research in data analysis and documentation. The results of this study show, Economic performance and the nature of the activities mentioned rulers must answer on the basis of wealth, power and more power for their security search.

Governors lorestan and tribesmen They had a largely militant relationship with Zandieh rulers. Ismail Khan Fili, the most powerful governor of Lorestan during this period, was strongly opposed to the power of Karim Khan Zand And during his entire period of rule, he carried out many wars with Khan Zand. In the period before and after the arrival of Karim-khan, many of Lorestan elites obeyed their ruler, Ismail Khan And in support of him, they entered the war with Karim Khan. After Ismail Khan's withdrawal from power and in the succession of his sons, Mohammad Khan and Assad Khan, the relations between these rulers and elites under their citizenship with the successors of Karim Khan were somewhat improved and their period of struggle for a period of good relations and reconciliation Become a fancier. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the rulers of the Philistines of Lorestan and the Zandyah rulers, which has been done descriptively-analytically. Findings of the research show that the dominant aspect of the relationship between the governorates of Fieli Lorestan and Karim Khan Zand was a military and controversial conflict, and the struggle for power in the vacuum caused by Nadir Shah's death was effective in shaping this relationship. Is. Although the failure of Ismail Khan Fili against Karim Khan led to a change in the relationship to a peaceful period late in Zandieh, but shortly.

The Military Unions of monarchy various rulers were always a combination of tribal and gunmen groups in various rural and urban areas of the country. Based on characteristics such as kinship or proximity with the ruling clan or the number of personnel warriors, these groups had a central or sub roles in the military unions. Hence, the present research was aimed to respond to this question what political-military relations between the different groups of the Zand Military Union against to Qajar and Afghan military unions led to the rise of Karim Khan Zand power? To answer the question, this study was done using the methods of historical research and classification of the internal relationships in the Zand military union to analyze and interpret these features and their impacts on the sovereignty of Karim Khan (1160-1176). The findings of the research show that the Vand tribes inhabiting pari, Kamazan, gilan and kaverdan areas such as (zand, mafi, Nankolly, jalalvand, behnavi, salarvand and jaff), would play a key role in the coalition of Karim Khan Zand, based on the ethnic connections such as laki accent and consultative command tradition. Due to the relatively lack of personal and tribal interests, Karim Khan could unite in critical circumstances the other tribes and gunmen groups and obtain victory without any loss of military groups.

Security measures in Karim Khan Zand era to create calm and order, taking into account the pastoral life and agriculture among the people of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, which are reflected in both residential and non-residents' history in the region, can be explained in two ways of dealing with the rebellious tribes, and creating order through the creation of a garrison in the Chaharmahal. In the turbulent period of the 12th century (18 A.D), which is unique in terms of chaos and rebellion of tribes and nomads, led to the destroyed the security of roads and places, and delayed the normal life of survivors in various parts of western Iran. This research, which has been drafted in a historical way, has been proposed by the question of how and in what way is the process of establishing security in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari region by Karim Khan? In response to this question, the research hypothesis is that Karim Khan Zand has been using various methods such as the encouragement, granting of tax liability and the assignment of local order and security to Khans, to enforce sovereignty over the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and to create order and security. Other tactics, such as the policy of displacing tribes and nomads or taking hostages their heads, were also used. The findings of the research show that this process in the local dimension has caused relative security and prosperity of the North-South communication, and in the country level, with the expansion of Khan Zand, it had a huge impact on the organize of peasantry, businessmen and travelers.

After the death of Nadir Shah there was a great disturbance. Karim Khan was successful to dominate most areas after several years of tension over Iran.Mir Mohanna could be the ruler of Bandar Reeg by using the the status quo. Unlike the other rulers who were united with Karim Khan Zand, he revolted against Karim Khan. Zand troops attacked Bandar Reeg to suppres him and captured Mir Mohanna. After freedom and coming back to Bandar Reeg, Mir Mahna destroyed commercial office and England Castle and expel all English from Bandar Reeg. This event led forces to attack Bandar Reeg again. Karim Khan failure in repression of Mir Mahna caused him to sign a contract with England. According to this contract, Kharg Island was awarded to England if Mir Mahna failed.This study deals with issues of conflict between Karim Khan and Mir Mohanna. It also studies the conflicts between Mir Mohana and foreign companies and the role of foreign governments, particularly England, in repression of Mir Mahna.

Vakil bathhouse in Shiraz is amongst Zand monuments that have built under direct supervision of Karim Khan Zand. This bathhouse is amongst the most remarkable and splendid monuments of Zand era in its massiveness and architecture techniques and decorative ornaments and designs. Most researches about Vakil bathhouse had focused on the archeological، architectural and restoration program aspects. Therefore، the present article studies decorative ornaments and designs if this historical monument. Questions of this article are as follows: How did these decorative ornaments and designs have formed and where did they have adopted? What is the relation between these decorative images and designs with the culture and beliefs of common people? Moreover، which are the contents that used by artist of this era in this decorative ornaments and designs? This research shows that the origin of the decorative elements of this bathhouse is a composition of Iranian-Islamic elements from the ancient until the Safavid era. In fact، Karim Khan''s interest in revival of Iranian past by artists as mythological، epic and religious concepts that had roots in common belief had influenced on the formation and creation of these elements.

Following the death of Nader Shah Afshar, the province of Kurdistan, with Sanandaj being the capital, ruled by the local influential dynasty of Ardalan, underwent a severe power struggle triggered by pretenders to the government of Iran, just as many other provinces experienced a similar power struggle. In addition, the strategic location of Kurdistan as the closest neighboring province of Ottoman paved the way for frequent interventions of Sublime Porte by means of the border guards, Babans. The absence of a centrally integrated government in Iran led to the spread of Ottoman influence to such an extent that the government of Kurdistan repeatedly slipped out of the hands of Ardalan dynasty into the hands of Pashas of Shahrzur and Solaymaniah. Therefore, the time span between the death of Nader and the late years of the Zandiah government (years 1747 to 1786) was one of the eventful periods in the history of Kurdistan. The present study analyzes the political developments in Kurdistan, the roles of Ardalan rulers in these developments, their relationships with the powerful and influential people, and the reasons of turbulence in this period. Findings of the present study show that the main reasons for turmoil in Kurdistan in this period include the crisis of power vacuum after the death of Nader and the absence of a powerful and integrated government in Iran, inappropriate policies of some Ardalan rulers, absence of appropriate relationships between the Zand dynasty and the Ardalan dynasty, and the rivalry among Baban Pashas for the domination over Kurdistan.