جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "rezashâh" در نشریات گروه "تاریخ"

 Due to the fact that news papers have the feature of informingthey are of interest.Newspapers are the heart beat of public opinion. The importance of newspapers is such that pillar called it the Force democracy. The role of newspapers in increasing the level of political awareness of the Qajar period, especially regarding the constitution, is of particular importance. Due to the fact that Tehran's numerous newspapers were more influential due to the political centrality of this city, its importance is increased. The role of newspapers can be seen in all the events that happened until the coup 1299 and after that. A role that, although mentioned in historical sources, should be independently investigated. In this article, the role of pro- and anti- newspapers and clasic left will be mentioned.Between 1299 and 1304, the pro-Reza Shah press promoted her actions and expressed Ahmad Shah's weaknesses, finally these events led to the change of the monarchy from Qajar to Pahlavi.What has been the role of Tehran news papers since the1299coup in reza shahs rise to power?  

Changing and reforming the educational system was the central concern of a range of modern thinkers of the advanced Pahlavi era, which appeared as a modernist discourse in the cultural sphere of this time. The play was one means of expressing these concerns, which, as a new type of writing, could express new concepts in a conversational and story-like format. In the current research, while analyzing the content of constitutional plays and Pahlavi's advanced period, an attempt has been made to examine the mentality of some of the modernist elites in connection with education and its relationship with the country's cultural development. An analytical examination of the content of these plays shows a change in the education discourse, a development that can be interpreted as a modernism manifestation. Criticism of the traditional attitude and introduction of new themes, a new conceptualization of “homeland”, insisting on the necessity of education for all, including adults, and emphasizing physical education alongside education, is a reflection of this discourse evolution. Also, the change in the playwriting approach of the Pahlavi period, compared to the constitutional period, was a function of the political conditions of the time, which was consistent with the policies of the Pahlavi government in the modernization field. In addition, the particular focus on the concept of a better future for the “homeland” in these plays can be seen as a reflection of the nationalism discourse of the Pahlavi era, which focused on the importance of education as a corridor for the transition to a developed and advanced country in the view of the modernists of this era.

In this article using Gidden's "construction" theory, the grounds the policy of suppressing Ilots and Nomads (Batakid on Ilots and Nomads of Lorestan) investigated in the form of Gidden's sociological theory. Based on the "construction" theory, Giddens pays attention to the role of the agent (as a case example, Reza Shah) in the context (as a case example, the community of Ilat and Nomads) and the two-way relationship (interactive or reciprocal) between structure and agent. In a descriptive-analytical way, sociological-historical methodology, this research raised the question based on Giddens' theory of construction, how can the first Pahlavi's policy towards the tribes and nomads of Lorestan be evaluated?? The research approach of the article is that regarding Reza Shah's performance towards the Lorestan tribes and nomads, none of the proposed theories - which are discussed in the text - alone can express the whole reality his performance, we must consider the relationship. He paid attention to the structure-agent and their two-way interaction.

The establishment, establishment and development of new and quantitative and qualitative schools in the province of Kurdistan began with a delay of several decades compared to most of the states and provinces of Iran. Prior to the Pahlavi dynasty, schools were limited to two public schools and two national schools in the state capital. Neither the Ministry of Education nor the individuals and officials of Kurdistan made any serious efforts to establish new schools. However, in the first Pahlavi period, these schools developed a little and the new schools covered not only cities and towns but also some important rural areas. This study intends to explain the situation of education and schools in Kurdistan before the Pahlavi dynasty, the evolution and development of schools from 1304 to 1320 by descriptive-analytical method and using unpublished archival documents and the press.The results of the research show that before the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty, intellectual and financial bases and the establishment of new schools in the cities of Kurdistan were not available and the few measures taken in this field were limited to Sanandaj, the capital of the state. In the new era of Kurdistan, it found a special place in the cultural and political programs of the government. The new situation led to the slight development of schools in this area. The acceptance or resistance to new schools varied in urban and rural areas, but there was no general opposition to the development of new schools.

At the end of Qajar era, owing to the lack of security and order, the country was moved to a state of autocracy and feudalism. Insuch aturbulent andchaoticsituation, due to England’s new approach toward regional developments, Rezakhan rose to power. His objective was to create a modern and centralized country following European countries standards. Nonetheless, such objective was in a sheer contrast with the socio-politicalstructureof nomadic tribes, who fiercelyopposed thecentralization of power. This issue due to the government’s military-based approaches and the nomadic tribes’ belligerent characteristics, signified military and security aspects. In Takhteghaapoo’s plan, Lorestan was of paramount importance due to its strategic position and tribes which used to decentralization.. This article using analytical and descriptive approaches and relying upon resources and documents, attempts to bring to light the vague points of this era and therefore the actions taken which lasted from 1302 hijri, 1923 A.D. to 1312 hijri,1933 A.D.. The findings of the article demonstrate that Rezakhan, in order to achieve his goals by using army forces and people like lieutenant general Amir Ahmadi and Razmara and with military actions such as execution, exile, disarmament, forcedresettlement, and reforms such as land division between tribes and Lorestan’s nomads and Falahati (Agriculture) bank establishment, attempted to remove their threat for the central government.

Oil was among the profoundest matters between Iran and England during Rezashah era. The British government aimed at extending the Darsi contract for another 60 years, and the Iranian part, on the other hand, desired to manage the contracts to its own benefit in order to increase the financial earnings for which Iran was in urgent need to renew its foundations. Abdolhosein Teymourtash on behalf of the Iranian part entered the complex negotiations with the oil company agents and English authorities in order to improve Iran’s portion. Applying the method of historical analysis and using some unpublished documents, this research aims at surveying the negotiations and dealing with the obstacles, goals, and final advantages in the field leading to the oil contract of 1933.