جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "salah al-din ayyubi" در نشریات گروه "تاریخ"

All the conquests of Salah al-Din against the Crusaders were based on the forces that had gathered and became professional during the Zangi period. Usually, researchers ignore this historical continuity in the military and political achievements of Salah al-Din ayyubi. While the first-hand sources are full of historical data that confirm this continuity and doubt the exclusivity of heroism in Salah al-Din. By examining how Atabakan e- Zangi gained power, this research considers Salah al-Din's conquests against the Crusaders as a part of the historical process that began in the zangi period, and Salah al-Din was able to take advantage of that legacy and achieve some victories against the Crusaders. In this article, the chronology and quantitative data of the zangi period until the end of Salah al-Din's rule have been examined and it has been shown that Salah al-Din was able to achieve victories against the crusaders by relying on the zangi legacy in the two dimensions of political concentration in the Levant and iqṭāʿ military forces of the island (Djazirah). And without zangi's legacy, this would not have been possible for him. Therefore, the military superiority of muslims over the crusaders was a historical process. Salah al-Din's victories were also part of this process, and his military achievements were not solely based on individual personality.

In the middle ages, the Crusaders possessed some parts of the western territory of the Islamic world and continued their establishment until the 6th and 7th centuries. Considering religious teachings regardless of ethnic, political, and religious diversity could have played a strategic role in how Muslims faced the crusaders. The main question of the research is how Islamic unity doctrines in the three periods of the beginning, middle, and end of the crusades influenced the confrontation between Muslims and Christians? Using a descriptive-analytical method, the results of the research indicate that the application of the doctrines of unity on the Islamic side faced some obstacles such as the lack of political cohesion, ethnic diversity, religious fragmentation, and the independent activity of some paramilitary groups like The Isma'ili. Despite all that, sometimes by rereading some common religious doctrines such as the finality of the Prophet (PBUH), the comprehensiveness and superiority of the Islamic religion, the necessity of jihad against the infidels and obeying the ruler, Islamic unity has been accomplished. Changing the political structure in a convergent form with the coalition of some governments in the region by ʿImād al-Din Zangī, the integration of the ideological structure by Nūr al-Dīn Zangī and their integration by Salah al-Din Ayyūbi were the strategies that facilitated the formation of the Islamic United Front and became a model for the Mamlūk sultans.