جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "urban life" در نشریات گروه "تاریخ"

This study aims to throw some lights on certain aspects of pre-modern social life in the south Caucasus. Focusing on Shushi as a typical case, it attempts to explain different characteristics of urban life in 18th century south Caucasus in relation to the political, ecological and social conditions of the region. Central to this study is an attempt to explain the contribution of tribal force to the formation of urban life. Following a general look on the historical background, it traced the process through which a tribal governor established Shushi as his center of power and developed it to become a small town. In the meantime, it surveys the physical as well as social structures of the town as a part of its historical development. Finally, it tries to highlight the role of Russian domination in continuation and development of Shushi's urban life in a modern period. The study shows that Shushi's historical development as a typical case in 18th and early 19th south Caucasia has been directly affected by both internal and external factors.

Shiraz for a period of fifty years were a period of development and prosperity by selecting the center of dynasty Buwayhids. After the death of Azad aldvlh and there is also Conflict over the the succession problem ownership of Kingdom, fields degeneration and distress and decline of Shiraz was prepared. The law lack of acceptance of for electing a replacement led to to each of rulers at the beginning of his reign with the claims or encounter pretenders. A long period of insecurity and instabilityparticularly in Fars and Shiraz came into existence.Not only the possibility to engage in construction activities due to the insecurity and continuing conflicts was not possiblebut also the city was looted and was destroyed many buildings and neighborhoods by hostile forces. Besides the basic needs of the urban network supplier was damaged as well as the slump acceleration the decline in the trading due to the insecurity and changing trading routes and natural disasters, which reduces the income became trade. Ultimately Seljuks attacks the urban of life for a long time to decline. In the present research effort is to effective factors in the process of stagnation and decline of of Shiraz during Buyid relying on library studies and with the descriptive method analytical and the historical approach to explain

Social life of Southern Caucasia in pre-colonial period is a subject which mostly missed Iranian’s scholarly attention. Bearing this in mind, this paper attempts to shed new lights on a less studied aspect of this subject; its focus is on the historical aspects of urban life in eastern Caucasia before Russian dominance. Drawing on observational material which gleaned from multi-languages sources, it is organized into three parts: the first one deals with the historical situation of Shamakhi in the Safavid period, the second part has focused on the historical developments of Shamâkhî in early 18th century, and the last, traces the decaying process during which this main urban center of precolonial southern Caucasia was destroyed. As results show, administrative policies played a crucial role in this decaying process.

All aspects of Iran's social life were influenced by the invasion and the presence of Timurid Turks. The results of the attack and invasion of the Timurid Turks and their dominance over Iran have been discussed by some of today's scholars and have expressed different and sometimes contradictory views. Some believe that the attacks of the Timurid like the Mongols have been burning, killing and destroying, and others believe that their devastation did not last and restored the towns and villages that were destroyed during the onslaught. Investigating and studying the aforementioned views shows that all of these theories have evaluated and generalized the tacoir attacks in the urban life of Iran and have not investigated a case, and each has achieved the above results by observing the situation of a city or region at a specific time. . On the other hand, the above-mentioned theories have increased the role of Timurid in the growth and decline of urban life in Iran, and none of them has taken into account other factors affecting the urban life of Iran. This research method, aimed at clarifying the differences between the materials presented in relation to the Timurid attacks on dealing with cities, gives a completely different view.

All of the values of Iranian social life from the view of Timurian Turks’ attacks and presence were affected. Nawadays,the results Timurian Turks’ attack and invasion and their domination on Iran were discussed and studied by some of the researchers and different and sometimes contradicted views expressed. Some of the researchers believe thet Timurian attacks like Mogul were ccompanied with killing,burning and destruction and some of the other researchers believe that their destruction didn’t continue and they started to repair and reconstruct the cities and villages destroyed during their attack. Studying the above perspectives show that all of these views have evaluated and stated in general the attack of conducted a case study and each one come to the above results by observing and studying the condition of a city or area at a special time. On the other hand the mentioned views have exaggerated Timur’s role in growth and destruction of Iranian urban life and none of them paid urban life. The aim of this research is to recognize the diffrences of the persented matters about Timur’s attack when encountering to the cities that gives completely different views