جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « توسعه شهری » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

Urban expansion in recent decades, especially in the peripheral areas of Tehran and Karaj, has led to the expansion of areas that were villages surrounded by gardens on the outskirts of Karaj before the revolution. Mardabad/Mahdasht, which became a city in the not-so-distant past (1991), has expanded rapidly and the gardens and historical monuments around it, like many other cities in Alborz province, have been destroyed or exposed to destruction. Tepe Mardabad is located in Mahdasht town, eleven kilometers southwest of Karaj in Alborz province. The site has been registered as number 2252 in the list of national monuments of Iran in 1998. Mardabad is located in the northwestern of Mahdasht town, exactly on the border of residential houses and agricultural lands, residential constructions in recent years have severely threatened, destroyed and encroached the southern and to some extent eastern parts of the site. In spring of 2016 archaeological excavation curried out in the site to recognized core and buffer zone. Tepe Mardabad is one of the highest ancient mound in Alborz province, there are evidences of the cultural sequence from the 6th millennium BC to the Middle Islamic era in this area. certainly, conducting scientific and more extensive excavtions in this site will lead to obtaining much more accurate archaeological information. However, according to surface pottery evidence, the site has a long chronological sequence: Late Neolithic period (Sialk I / 6th millennium BC), Transitional Chalcolithic / Cheshmeh Ali (Sialk II / late 6th / early of the fifth millennium BC), Iron Age I (the end of the second millennium BC), the historical period and the Islamic era.

Shooshtar considered as one of the most significant cities of Khuzestan in Safavid era was selected by the governors due to its geographical, military and strategic position. The development of new towns in Shooshtar and around it by the Safavid local rulers led to its more prosperity. However, the entrance of various tribes including Qezelbash Turks (Shamloo, Roomloo, Afshar, Stajloo, Turkman, Zulqadr), Joqtay, Charkes, Gorji, Sheikhs from Jebal e- Amel region, Jazayeri and Kalantar nobles led to too much tribal and population tensions in this city and at the end of this era, the happening of natural disasters such as flood left some negative effects on the political and social status of Shooshtar. This research is to illustrate the political and social status of Shooshtar and to indicate how the influential dynasties took role in this city as the political center of Khuzestan at that time. The findings of research demonstrate that the influential families of nobles, Turkish and Gorji tribes were of determinative role in relation to the political development of this city considering the tribal origin, ethnical benefits, professional position, as well as social- religious values.

City and urban planning are one of the characteristics of human civilization. This phenomenon arises from both human and ideological elements and reflects the social, cultural, political, and economic conditions that have dominated the social space that has evolved over time. Urban development and urban development in the Sassanid era is one of the most important developments in this research that aims to identify the factors affecting the urban context and pattern, study the physical space of the city and its functions, as well as examine the relationship between city construction and community beliefs. It is the Sassanid era. In this analytical study, using documentary and library data and information, Sassanid city and Iran's urbanization system has been studied and analyzed and according to the ecological conditions, some kind of alignment of Iranian urban style with the environmental and ideological components of the mentioned period. It has emerged that in addition to political, social, cultural and military growth, there has also been an economic boom that can be exploited in the present circumstances.

The challenging framework of the old political power in the Constitutional Revolution led to many changes in the social and economic structures of Iran, which became part of urban renewal and renaissance. But due to political crises after the Constitutional Revolution and the outbreak of the World War I, practically new ideas in the physical change of cities were interrupted. With the reign of Reza Shah and the new order in which the Majles, the Army and the emerging bureaucracy formed its foundations, modernization was found in urban plans and designs. The ideas within the head followed the changing faces of the cities, whose type of structure was a symbol of backwardness and tradition, and which had to be quickly adapted to other parts of society, a new, and regular appearance. The existence of urban management infrastructure, such as Baladiah, was binding on such plans, so rules were quickly drafted to establish such institutions. The city of Yazd entered the changes relative to its population and history, although later than many other cities, but with the formation of Baladieh of Yazd in the year 1310, urban renewal projects, which symbolized cross-streets, were applied to various parts of that city, which an example was the construction of two main streets of Pahlavi and Shah and the passage of these streets right in the middle of the historical urban fabric.

In the centuries after Islam, Great Khorasan has been among the most influential regions on the Islamic culture of Iran in different aspects. The development type of the cities of this region in the third to the seventh centuries is one of the examples. The most striking feature of the cities of Khorasan in this period is the further expansion of the most cities built before Islam. In addition to maintaining their before Islam basic elements, they were adjusted with the development model implemented in the Islamic period and spread based on it. This study demonstrated that the pattern of urban development in this period was often based on the teachings of Islam and was proposed by the jurists to the rulers. The instances were paying attention to the issue of water existence, building the central mosque, establishing the market and maintaining the security of the citizens. This study used a descriptive, comparative and analytical approach to investigate the issue. The findings were based on library research, a survey of the Ibn al-Rabi’s opinions, a jurist of the third century (AH), and taking advantage of the evidence of geographical history of great Khorasan and the books of geographers.

The formation of the modern city of Khorram-Abad، as a center of Luristan province in the western Iran، dates back to the middle Islamic period (probably 5-7 A. H). The formation and development process of the city has affected by the appropriate environmental and ecological conditions. Khorram-Abad has suitable conditions for human population from the prehistoric period through modern time. The major factors shaping the settlement and development of the region are suitable transport location as well as natural and geographical factors such as water resources، especially rivers crossing the city such as Karganeh and Khorram-Abad rivers. Before the modern formation of the Khorram Abad was a town، named Shapur-Khast backed to Sassanid the Early Islamic periods. It seems that Shapur-khast has been abandoned at the 7 or 8 A. H and Khorram-Abad flourished as the central town of the region. What we certainly know is that the core of the modern city of Khorram-Abad has been founded at the western side of Falak-ol-Aflak castle. The earliest maps of the historic plan of the town، about the 1270 A. H، are produced by Russian surveyors. The present article is dealing with this map and aerial photos at the 1956 and 1969، the initial scope of the study and development of Khorram-Abad from the Safavid to the Pahlavi periods using data from GIS software and analysis. The most important studies in this area have been carried out by local researchers. Of course some researchers have done to Khorram-Abad valley field study by foreigners such as Sir Hennery Rawlinson. As there are not much researches on the Islamic city of Khorram-Abad and urban development from inception to nowadays we will try to use archaeological evidence، images with texture maps and city information from GIS aiming to provide suitable information about the context of the current city of Khorram-Abad. Based on archaeological evidence، the center of modern city of Khorram-Abad and the initial core of the city in the Safavid period were determined. Valuable monuments and inscriptions of the Safavid period has been remained in Khorram-Abad which on based the initial core of the city in the Safavid period was determined. The city boundaries in the Qajar and Pahlavi era have been identified according to 1270 A. H map and aerial photographs of 1956 and 1969. It was the culmination of a period of prosperity and urban development and what factors have led to physical development in various aspects of the other objectives of this research. The present study is based on written sources and field work in the context of the old town and the exploration of the related maps، urban development has taken place. Accordingly، the summit of the development of Khorram-Abad has been the Safavid and Pahlavi periods lying at the middle of north to south transportation routes and its selection as the center of Luristan province at the Pahlavi period as well، are the most important factors in the development of the city; particularly in north and south directions. The existence of the Zagros mountain in the east and west sides of the city as a limiting factor and also the flat land and fertile southern city is leading to physical development at the north and south directions. The result of this research shows that the reason of existence of Khorram-Abad and its foremost function and its extension are the geographic and climatic conditions and central location and its relationship to the city is because this region is a crossroads from West to East and North to South