جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Iranian economy » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

During Reza Shah’s monarchy in Iran (1941-1925), political, social and economic structures of Iran witnessed extensive revolution. Given the economic passivity and weakness of constitutional governments, most of experts emphasized on the necessity of economic revolution in Iran and they believed that Pahlavi government was bound and capable of implementing economic revolution in Iran. In responding to these demands, Reza Shah’s government influenced by German nationalist discourse tried ti implement nationalist and centralized theories in Iran. During that time, one of the significant evolutions in Germany was the foundation of national economy theory based on Friedrich List’s theories- German nationalist economist. His economic theories known as “National Economy Theory” were written in the mid-19the century which emphasized on nationalism, economic centralization and nationalization of all national economic resources. The main question of this article is: what national economic measures were taken during Reza Shah’s government and how they were related to Friedrich List’s theories? Hence, the authors of the present article investigate this subject through descriptive- analytic method. The findings of present study indicate that relying in national discourse and the support of some Iranian intellectuals, the modern absolute government of Reza Shah tried to make evolutions at different economic fields in order to provide required ground for the development of national economy and merging the small local economies in this economy.

Events in the nineteenth century Europe changed all aspects of life in other societies. Iranian economy was also not protected from such events and transformed from an inborn traditional economy to an imported one, as a result of facing with the newborn capitalistic economy. Iranian economy approached the neighboring economical patterns and became one of major producers of raw material for global markets. Opium as a raw material was known as a non-commercial stuff in traditional Iranian economy. Since the second half of nineteenth century, with transforming the economy, opium became a commercial stuff in the new imported and dependent economy. Economical dependence indices of Iran such as thrive of raw material production, increase of trade volume, slump of handicrafts and role of Britain as center of capitalistic economy are some of major reasons of entering the opium and its commercialization in the Iranian economy. After commercialization of opium, some domestic agents like the silkworm disease, negative trading level, active role of Qajars and some governors such as Mirza Hossein Khan Sepahsalar in regard to opium, the specific features of this raw material and unbalanced status of the Iranian economy, resulted in increasing production of opium. This raw material became the most important exported stuff shortly after its commercialization and played an important role in Iranian economy.

One of the important factors determining the development or lack of development of a country is the insight and thinking way of its politicians. The present study investigates Iranian's politician's economic thought during late Qajar Dynasty and early Pahlavi Dynasty. It is obvious that without studying the origin of an evolutionary process, understanding the economic thought of a country would be difficult. What is interesting is that some discussed issues in the present study are still relevant to the present policy in Iran. For convenience time period is divided into three sections. In each, one or two economic texts representing the economic thought of the time are offered. Mirza Melkom Khan, Seyyed Jamallodin Esfehany, Morteza Gholi Khan Sani o Dole and Ali Akbar Davar were among those who had contributed economic ideas and thoughts.