جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Nazi Germany » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

This article criticizes the origins and results of Aryanism theory in the historical perspective of Iran, which is based on racial superiority, and also discusses the motivations for the emergence of this idea and its consequences. In this research, it is shown that this theory had no precedent in Iran’s pre- and post-Islam history, so the racial conflicts with the followers of other religions and ethnicities never became popular. The hypothesis of this article is that A’bdol-Rahmān Seif-e āzad paid attention to the theory of Aryanism for personal motives, including to benefit from economic privileges especially in Germany. For this reason, he was unable to find an intellectual basis for his views, and since his ideology had no intellectual roots, he found no influence in Iranian cultural and intellectual society. The research method of this article is descriptive, and then based on the descriptions, a specific analysis of the nature of the Aryanism movement has been presented. The main sources of this article are some of the contents of the Nāmey-e Iran-e Bāstān journal as well as views which opposing the Aryanism thought; also, some secondary sources have been used to better understanding of the contents of the issue.

Reza Shah's relations with Germany and the Nazi regime brought about new developments in Iran. The German engineers in this period played an important role in the development of the economy, industry and construction of buildings in various parts of Iran, including the region of Azerbaijan and  the cities of Tabriz, Urmia and Ardabil. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the relations between Iran and Nazi Germany on the formation of a new architecture of public buildings in the aforementioned cities. The research uses the descriptive-analytical method and based on the historical documentary sources and field observations, investigates the common features of the selected buildings of Azerbaijan and German buildings between1312 to 1320 AH. The study shows the impact of the relations with Nazi Germany and the presence of German engineers in the emergence of Western neoclassical architecture in Iran. Also, it demonstrates that this development has led to the emergence of a new style of construction and the use of modern materials in the Azarbaijan region.

First Pahlavi period is considered the most outstanding era of Iran’s contemporary history due to extensive political and social transformation. During his twenty-year reign, Reza Shah was always trying to intensify his own reigning power structure because of his nationalistic and military-centered inclinations as well as relationship with countries like Germany, especially in Hitler’s period. Meanwhile different cities of country such as Tabriz and Urmia located in the state of Azarbaijan also benefited from this kind of attitude, and important governmental buildings were stablished in these cities in the presence of German architects and engineers. How Nazi Germany structure had an effect on the manifestation of power structure in Iranian architectural structure and investigating it, in particular in two aforementioned cities, is the main goal of this research. As this research is qualitative, a combination of the two approaches of historical-interpretive and descriptive-analytic has been carried out. The results obtained imply that modeling of Nazi architectural concepts and western neoclassic bases resulting from the relations with Germany and the presence of German Architects has had an undeniable role in the formation of governmental architecture and power structure.

The Great Depression of 1929 caused a fall in national income from raw materials export in Iran. As a result Iran had to adopt industrialization policy in order to provide budget for import of consumer goods. In this circumstances Iran was willing to make economic relationship with Nazi Germany which wanted to provide raw materials for his war industry, consequently Iran could not only sell his raw materials but also provide machinery for his industry. As a result of this mutual need, Iran and Nazi Germany signed commercial accounts clearing contract. As a result, this contract not only brought great consequences for economic policy of Pahlavi government but also for agricultural parts. This research is going to study consequences of this contract for Pahlavi`s agricultural policies according to a historical method and using archive documents, books, newspapers and magazines during Pahlavi I. One of the consequences of commercial accounts clearing contract was development of commercial agriculture for providing raw materials for Germany, it took priority over industrialization and all other policies.