جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Ophthalmology » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

With the establishment of the Abbasids, the influence of the Iranians, the transfer of science to Baghdad, and the establishment of the House of Wisdom, scientific activity flourished there and Muslims made advances in various branches of sciences, especially medicine. The abundance of books on ophthalmology indicates the success of this field of medicine compared to the other branches of medicine. The present study was conducted to investigate the extent of ophthalmological changes from the third to the fifth century (AH). The results of the study were obtained by a comparative study of the books of the two physicians, namely Ibn Ishaq and Ibn Sina. Ibn Ishaq (1944-264 AH) owes his book "Ophthalmology", as the first book of ophthalmology including some references, to Greek physicians and the use of Greek words, but Ibn Sina (428-370 AH), in the eye section of the Book of Law, as the most significant medical work of the Golden Age, in addition to changing the names,  has introduced more diseases that are the product of his experiences, and also the Book of Law has a better logical and intellectual coherence that has certainly been affected by his philosophical knowledge.

Investigating the techniques used by Ghafeqi in incising, cutting, and cauterizing in the book Almorshid is the main subject of this research. Detailed description of Ghafeqi from every disease shows clear and distinct recognition of different eye diseases. In surgery with transverse incision technique in eyelid diseases i.e. cornea and conjunctiva, two flaying and non-flaying methods were adopted as basis of his work. In the cutting method, the techniques used by Ghafeqi include abrasion, picking up and rolling up (eyelid processing). The technique he used in cauterizing is based upon the shape of the cautery including cauterizing by needle-shaped (pointed) cautery and lens-shaped (flat-headed) cautery. Educational path of this book is commenced from theoretical medicine and after pathology he has dealt with practical (experimental) medicine in which detailed description of using appropriate tools and emphasis on observing all precautionary principles in all stages of treatment largely corresponds to the modern methods of this science.

Among the therapeutic approaches in ophthalmology science، the cutting method is deemed to be the most delicate and specialized method. Simultaneous investigation of the knowledge about the disease، therapeutic precision and techniques of the Muslimophthalmologists is the main focus of this research while the secondary focus revolves around the investigation of the educational resources and methods of these texts. Studying the important texts related to ophthalmology science gives us the sightthat the ophthalmologists had a clear and distinct recognition from different ocular diseases. Classifying the disease based on its cause and location show this recognition clearly. The educational course of these texts has been commenced by theoretical medication and after diagnosis، it has dealt with practical (experimental) medicationwhich is a precise description of technique usage of appropriate instruments putting emphasis on observing all of the precautionary principles and also being highly correspondent to the modern methods of this science in all stages of treatment. Therefore، along with practical education، it provides the essentials for students sothat the content of the outstanding works of this science have been exactly written based on this educational approach.