جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Safavieh » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

The role of the institution of religion in the Safavid reign - as a religious government - as well as the role of the institution of religion in the decline of this political power has always been dicussed by scholars. Paying attention to the political, religious and social conditions at the beginning of the establishment and formation of the Safavid state bureaucracy and also considering the political, social and cultural conditions of the kings and society in the late Safavid era, is important to determine the role of religion and its involvement in the destruction of Safavid power. This article seeks to answer the question whether the institution of religion and the religious description of the Safavid government has led to its decline or collapse, or this issue is defective and not defensible. The answer to this question requires a very comprehensive follow-up in various historical sources related to the Safavid era, for which this study has tried to make the maximum use of library resources in order to explain and describe this issue. Due to the historical nature of this case, the present article has a root in history then having many follow-ups on its related matters. The institution of religion played its role in the beginning and middle of the Safavid period without any damage, but at the end of this period, it was somewhat influential in the turmoil of the late period. However, the other reasons for this fall are so many, to the extent that the role of the institution of religion is extremely small and can be said to be ineffective.

Kalhor tribe is one of the prominent tribes in western Iran, which has been living in the foothills of the Zagros since ancient times and like other tribes, has played a role in the political and military history of Iran. This study aims to clarify the position of the Kalhor tribe in political and military events in the west of the country by describing and analyzing first-hand source data, local history, and authoritative research texts. It seeks to answer these questions: What were the relations of the Kalhor tribe with the rulers of Iran from the Safavid period to the end of the reign of Mohammad Shah Qajar? And what role did this tribe play in the relations between Iran and the Ottoman Empire? The findings of the study indicate that the Kalhor tribe had less influence and power in the court of the Safavid kings than the Zanganeh tribe did. The continuous revolts of the Kalhor tribe, especially in the first half of the rule of this dynasty until the reign of Shah Abbas I, led to ignoring the Kalhor leaders by the ruling power. During the Afshari period, due to Nader Shah’s conflicts with the Ottomans and the need for the cooperation of the western tribes, there was a relative improvement in the relations of the Kalhor tribe with the government. In the days of Zandieh dynasty, the elders of the Kalhor tribe played their historical role alongside the central power by helping Karim Khan Zand to achieve the monarchy and establishing family ties with him. The Kalhor tribe played an effective role in the battles of Iran and the Ottoman Empire during the Qajar period and the rule of Mohammad Ali Mirza Dolatshah over Kermanshah until the end of the reign of Mohammad Shah Qajar.

During the Safavieh period, the changes and developments of the regional powers had a great impact on determining the extent of the relations between the Shiite governments of the south and the government. with a clever policy and peace with the Ottoman government of Shah Abbas was able to overcome problems and at the same time peaceful relations with The Babrian government did not plan. The conquest of Constantinople in 857 AH brought about a great change in the field of international trade and the Turks gained full control over the eastern trade and the western states sought to find new ways and the Portuguese government considered the importance of the island of Hormuz as a strategic region for domination. They conquered the whole Persian Gulf and conquered the island of Hormuz and were able to be the absolute ruler of their possessions for more than a century, until during the reign of Shah Abbas in 1022, they succeeded in reclaiming the port of Gambron and dominating the coast. Shah Abbas tried to retake Kandahar peacefully, but Jahangir postponed the response to Shah Abbas's request to remove his preoccupation with Deccan, in which case Shah Abbas seized the opportunity to conquer Kandahar. The issue of Kandahar has always been an important and influential factor between the Deccan monarchs and the Safavieh government, and the Iranians sought to fulfill their claim to the region.