جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « biological » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

Recognizing the valuable entities of historical cities, both on the scale of urban communities that are still standing and on the scale of neighborhoods and valuable historical elements that provide the means of life for families, individuals, and local social groups, to properly evaluate what we are experiencing today and protect them  As a cultural asset, it is essential.  In the historical cities of Iran, there are many valuable historical houses that, despite the diversity and innovation used in the structure and building of each one, have a common and unbreakable identity in every climate.  These houses organically enriched the historical contexts and played the most important role in their integration.  One of the most important architectural centers of Iran in the hot and dry climate is the city of Isfahan, which has enriched its historical context with numerous valuable historical houses.  Despite the implementation of urban tourism projects near them, many of these houses have not been studied so far and have remained hidden from the local people and tourists of this city.  These works include many values ​​that encourage us to protect and guard them.  The most important values ​​considered in this research are, in short, the authenticity and heritage values, the cultural infrastructure of development, construction technology and aesthetic expression, the comprehensive knowledge of which will lead to a better understanding of the current and future generations of the ways of life and identity of past civilizations, and cultural connection and cohesion.  The society leads.  Therefore, the protection of historical buildings and monuments is basically for the identification, awareness of the present and future generations with the way of life of the past and a meaningful link with it, and in this way the connection with the background of civilization and culture of different generations and the cohesion and cultural identity of the generations remains stable and dynamic.  This work is possible only by recognizing, paying and representing the inner features of the works.  These features were divided and recognized in a historical building and in this research the historical house of Isfahan Episcopal Circle as an example based on climate patterns, culture, geometry and shape and architectural and structural elements.  Also, the inherent characteristics of spaces, which guide the explanation of the correct placement of uses, objects and furniture in a building, can be achieved based on the well-known theory of space syntax and UCLDEPTHMAP software.  In this research, this requirement was fulfilled by analyzing the characteristics of integrity, entropy, depth and connection.  Matching these features with the historical cultural and artistic usage aspects of the museum showed that, first of all, a building with such features has a high ability to change its use to a gallery or specifically a museum, and it is possible to determine how to arrange and display works in the spaces with their help.  Did  In addition to these, the movement and stopping and circulation path in the spaces, the use of light and ventilation and the maximum use of each space by taking advantage of the knowledge obtained from these characteristics provided the basis for a high efficiency plan.  The studies and investigations carried out in the historical house of Isfahan Episcopal Circle aim to identify the capacities and spatial analysis of this house on the one hand and its components and elements on the other hand, in the context of the proposed revitalization plan which is used as a museum or a gallery in general.  Provided  Also, explaining the theoretical foundations of the protection plan as a supporting thought for practical measures, by reviewing international and national charters and conventions and adapting their provisions to the prevailing values ​​in the building, specifies the general intervention strategies and policies and prevents unprincipled interventions.  The historic house of Isfahan episcopal circle is located in the center of Miansera in the form of a booth based on the model system of the late Qajar and first Pahlavi periods.  The southern courtyard forms the larger and main open space of the house, and the northern courtyard is a small-scale and private space.  A new space was built in the northern courtyard in recent years and its architectural system is modern.  The orientation of the house is consistent with the model system of historical houses in Isfahan and northwest to southeast.  Open, semi-open and closed spaces are observed in it and it has pillared porches on both the north and south sides, but the hierarchy of the previous periods has changed in this house and its main dividing space is in the center of the house and has a luxurious staircase to the upper floor.  The non-load bearing walls are boxed and the weight of the roofs is transferred to the load bearing walls with sharp eaves and a three-part chafed form.  The roofs are flat and covered with beams and no arches are used in this house.  The materials used in the walls are all clay, and in the place of the pakar, they have used larger wooden blocks to prevent drift, and they have made the pakars tight with wooden subs.  The main façade is made of brick and is decorated with porcelain tiles.  Two wells in the southern and northern courtyards supply water to the house, and next to the main well in the southern courtyard, there is a 12-meter L-shaped space similar to a cow well.  This house was owned by one of the political and social figures of that period, and it has a luxurious and wealthy building, and it is placed in the Darsht Peymon architectural system.  The use of cultural symbols of Christianity, such as the cross in various designs and the Pope’s crown in its decorations, and skylights similar to church solar lights, are among the effects of cultural factors in the building of this house.  The shape patterns and geometric divisions are consistent with the geometric system of the houses of the previous periods, and the three and five common divisions of the Safavid and Qajar periods have been beautifully observed.  In the plan, it is divided into two parts, east and west, and each part has a five-door in the center and three doors around.  This pattern, which is also known as Berwar and Mianvar, is a common shape pattern of large historical buildings in the hot and dry climate.  The materials used in the historical houses of Isfahan are generally compatible with the climate and include clay, brick and wood.  One of the most important structural features of these houses is the use of flat coverings along with arch coverings with decorative corners.