جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « زمستان » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

The aim of this study is to compare the function of winter in the poems of two Iranian and Syrian poets, "Nima Yoshij" and "Mohammad AlMaghout" and is based on ecological critique. Ecological critique is a critique that considers the effect of physical position on the formation of the form and content of a work. Also, the relationship and interaction of three natural, artificial and social environments are examined in the form of this critique. Winter as a natural phenomenon has always been considered by poets and they have used it in their works as a symbol, or even as a natural phenomenon. The research method is descriptiveanalytical, based on the American school of comparative literature, which deals with the relationship between the poet's goals and the natural environment. The result of the research shows that winter in Nima's poetry is an instigator of insensitivity and tyranny in the society and is also a symbol for social unrest. But in Maghut's poetry, winter has an independent identity. Both poets care about their environment, and nature is a refuge for both of them to find safety from the harms that man himself causes.

The inseparable relation between literature and music is an issue that has always been considered in different times. The present research, which is categorized in interdisciplinary studies, with a descriptive-analytical approach, worked on the relation between literature and music in “Zemestan” poetry collection of Mehdi Akhavan Sales and Iranian instrumental music. Akhavan Sales’s special attention to the music of poetry and the multiplicity of published musical works based on “Zemestan” poems, made us to analyze and discover the musical potentials of this poetry collection. This paper works on three Iranian classical music albums: "Zemestan ast", "Faryad" and "Hamavaz -e- parastouha- ye- aah", to analyze musical works based on “Zemestan” poetry collection, and to specify the factors that create rhythm and music in Persian modern poetry. The outcome and results of this study notice the musical richness of Akhavan sales’s works, specially the versatility of his poetries with Iranian classical music.

Bizhan Najdi is a poet and writes his stories poetically. In some of his stories, Najdi has been influenced by some famous contemporary poems, nevertheless the influence has not stopped his creativity and it has not forced him to be an imitator of original works. In this article, intertextual relationships between “Taqchehaye por az dandan” by Najdi and “Zemestan” by Akhavan have been investigated. It would be discussed despite the initial inspiration from Akhavan, Najdi has criticised the current of hopeless intellectuals, after the coup d'etat of 28 August, and therefore has created a different narrative in poetry. Akhavan does not explain the reason for its disappointment in its narration, but Najdi, by pointing directly to the coup d'état of 28 August, shows that he is tired of staying at home, which is why, unlike Akhavan, he goes out from inside or out of the house.

The artists express their paradigms and ideals within the framework of their artistic works. Diversity of characters and their quality and reason may play important role in conveying artist’s message to the audience since juxtaposition of different and sometimes opposite personality and individual traits can cause them to become more prominent with more influence. We have criticized diversity of characters in poetic collections of ‘Winter’, ‘The end of Shahnameh’, and ‘From this Avesta’ written by Mehdi Akhavan Sales in two content and structural fields using inductive- analytical method. The research achievement denotes that in representation of characters, especially the main characters Akhavan Sales puts them versus completely different characters and also sometimes he shows a character in various dimensions. Using such diversity, the poet looks for conveying direct and symbolic messages, interpreting poetic and social mission, expressing micro and macro ideals, and finally restating quality and reason for classification of paradigms. In addition to opening new windows toward audience of artistic work, study on such fields may familiarize him/her with viewpoints of poet’s doctrines and it can be an entry for recognition of some of elements of culture and art and doctrine of community.

"The Winter" Among the songs of the Mahdi Akavan sales is the most famous; and in the Kurdish poems of Parto Kermanshahi the most famous is a poem known as "The Armenian". In this research, these two poems have been studied and analyzed from a conceptive and semiotic perspective. The results showed that Parto was influenced by "the winter" of Akhavan at the tow levels of general image and in signs of "The Armenian". In an outline, sheltering a homeless person at night to the Butler, asking him, distrust against the people, and fear of the environment, and at the semiotics level, the opposition of signs such as: Luli / Displaced, the Christian / The Armenian, Cup / Glass, and Like it, are common in two works,but at the semantic interpretation level, the signs that have made the Akhavan's poem more interpretable, are moreclear than the Parto's signs. However, the two Caplets of Partoare capable to interpretation. The distinction between the two works, are the freshness and humor of theParto's poem, against the seriousness of the Akhavan's Poem.

Dialogue is the most important link in humans. Mikhail Bakhtin, the dialoguelogic theoretician, considers dialogue as the result of interaction between the speaker and the listener, which is formed in the social context. A critical review of Mikhail Bakhtin's life and thoughts reveals that the conditions and atmosphere in the era of Stalin's dictatorship and authoritarian leadership had a profound impact on the formation and manifestation of his ideas and thoughts. Such kind ofattitude and ideology seems true for Akhavan Sales. Similar to what Bakhtin did, Akhavan Sales showed the most egalitarian words in his poems and calls of freedom and liberation in the non-democratic atmosphere of Pahlavi's silence and censorship and dealt with Pahlavi’sdictatorship. The poetry of the “Winter Collection” can be regarded as an advent of such thoughts. The poet, using the language and the symbolic expression, portrayed the perversion of Iran's post-coup condition.The most commonapproaches that the Akhavan Sales used for establishing dialogue was through polyphony, narration, intertextuality, using “I” and “you” pronouns, and addressing statements. This article outlines the above-mentioned points in the Akhavan Sales “winter collection” poems.

Contemporary Arabic and Persian poems tend to use the capacities of present vocabularies to show a clear picture of contemporary human beings’ challenges. Within this,, poets as the sophisticated people of every society, not only are aware of the importance of them, but also they themselves present the story of human and the explorer of meaning among the world of words.Present research tries to answer an important question that is, based on historical and social background, how can words influence in forming this meaning atmosphere of a poem? As a result, by choosing two poems in two different linguistic realms, it tried to explore the sharing meaning, and struggled to search the function of meaning in “Oghniyaton Leshsheta” from “Salah Abdossabuor” and a lyric from Shahryar – Persian ancient poem-also investigated their social function.The obtained results will show that different functions of the words in two poems based on meaning were effective, by fulfilling aesthetic aspect, they were also successful in social and human functions.

The Views and theories of the prominent French philosopher and theorist Jacques Lacan are based on the fundamental concepts of Freudian psychoanalysis and at the same time expand these concepts by a set of new terminologies and methodologies. Lacan’s theorisation of the unconscious is a characteristic example of his complimenting and modifying of the classical psychoanalytic theory. The attention that Lacan pays to language in his theory is indicative of the Freudian basis of his thought. However, the status and importance of language in his theory of the unconscious go further beyond Freud’s general linguistic considerations. Drawing on, and at the same time modifying, Saussurian linguistics, Lacan proposes a new framework for understanding the concept of the unconscious, a framework which cannot be found in Freudian psychoanalysis and which is itself an instance of interdisciplinary expansion of psychoanalysis. The present study starts with an exposition of Lacan’s language-based theorisation of the subject’s psychic development. With this end in view, the Lacanian concepts of the “Imaginary Order”, “Symbolic Order” and other related concepts will be examined. In the final section of the study, the applicability of Lacanian psychoanalysis to the examination of literary texts will be examined in a critical reading of the modern Iranian poet Mehdi Akhavan-Salles’s celebrated poem “Winter”.