جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « طرح روایی » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

The narrative system of "Farhad and Shirin" by Vahshi Bafghi's, tells the story of love between Shirin (lover and wife of Khosro Parviz) and Farhad (artist and idol maker) and is one of the poems that has a narrative and theatrical structure. The method of narration and storytelling in this system is such that the poet using the elements of the story; They create a different atmosphere, including narrative plot, character, dialogue, perspective and description. This research has been done with the aim of analyzing the elements of the story in this system in a descriptive-analytical manner. This narrative system expands based on the linear time of the narrative And events occur one after the other in a chain; In such a way that first a balanced situation is established, Then, with an accident, this situation changes and an unbalanced situation prevails in the poem. After mentioning the incidents, the narration reaches a balanced state and ends. In fact, this system consists of a chain and five narrative elements, which ultimately determine the fate of the main character.

Discussing the “extraordinary” element in a system in which the place of elements is determined according to their relation to the overall design of the narrative is an appropriate way of analyzing magical realism and those mystical narratives consisting of extraordinary events. In order to display the existent correlation between the magical deep structure and the plot of these literary productions, the narrative structure of these mystical texts: Asrārottowhid, Resāle - ye Qoshayriye, Kashfol- Mahjūb, Mersādol-’ebād, Mesbāhol- Hedāye and Meftāhol- Kefāye and these fictions including One Hundred Years of Solitude, Metamorphosis, The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings and Aura is investigated with an eye to Claude Bremond’s model so that we can extract the main sequences in these works and we can specify the structural similarities and dissimilarities in these works’ main sequence according to the combination of “realistic” and “extraordinary” functions in a sequence. The obtained results indicate that there are similarities in the structure of the main sequence and their utilization of “realistic” and “extraordinary” sequences. The shared structures in the analyzed works are: “the linear structure without excluding the main constituents”, “the exclusion of initial state of equilibrium and the commencement with a crisis”, and “the nonlinear structure”. The shared combinations of main sequences in terms of the inclusion of realistic or extraordinary tasks are depicted as “exclusionary-extraordinary-realistic”, “exclusionary-extraordinary-extraordinary” and “extraordinary-extraordinary-extraordinary”.

One of the frequently-discussed issues in narratology is the analysis of the structure and the plot of the novel which embarks on deconstructing the old texts. Anchored in the ideas of Tudorv and Grimas, this research endeavors to analyze the narratological structure of Tengsir penned by Sadegh Choubak. Tangsir develops linearly on the temporal storyline; therefore, the events occur consecutively in a chain-like fashion for Zayer Mohammad. At the starting point, the situation is depicted to look normal in that Zayer Mohammad is a hardworking man working at Dehkan Harbour. Then, the situation changes with an incident. Karim Hajj Hmzayi borrowed all Zayer Mohammad's properties and refused to return them, pervading a sense of imbalanced situation throughout the novel. All the incidents being unfolded, the narrative ends with a balanced state in the novel. Zayer Mohammad kills Karim and his accomplices and then escapes to Bushehr. According to the pattern of Grimes, Zayer Mohammad is an identifier and the subject of identification involves taking his right from others. In the same vein, Zayer Mohammad is also the receiver and his internal emotion plays the role of a sender. The helpers are portrayed to be Shahro and Asator as well as his feelings. The opposition is comprised of Karim Hajji Hmaze, Sheikh Abu Torab, Mohammad Gonde-Rajab and Aqa Al-Kachal. Regarding data collections, the present study is a descriptive-documentary one conducted using content analysis. Analyzing the elements of narrative design in Tangsir, it can be said that the structure of the novel is in line with the theory of Todorov and Grimas.

Tangsir develops based on a linear storytime (chained). The events of Zayer Mohammed's personality arise one after another in that, initially, the situation appears to be normal. Subsequently, this equilibrium changes and the imbalanced situation dominates the atmosphere of the novel. Being the events unfolded, the novel's storyline turns to a well-balanced situation, and the fate of the character gets disclosed. Chubak introduces Zayer Mohammed's character to the reader in a mixed manner (direct and indirect descriptions by actions and behavior). This study attempts to analyze the narrative design of Tengsir novel based on structuralist theories such as T. Todorov and A. Grimas.

Based on what Tudorff theorizes, the narrative scheme of Tengsir consists of a series of sequences. The storyline in this novel is that the events are consecutively chained to Zayer Mohammed in such a way that the situation is initially depicted as balanced (introduction) within which there are a variety of events. In the aftermath, the construed balanced situation is disturbed by an event (episode 1), and an imbalanced situation dominates the narrative context; Karim Hajzamzah and his allies borrow and invest all his wealth and assets. At this point, to accomplish his goals, Zayer Mohammad lives various hazardous experiences, including the killing of Karim Haj Hamzah and his allies, as well as coming to grapple with government officials. This creates an upward spiral of events. Describing these incidents comprises the middle of the narrative. Thereafter, with the final incident (chapter 2), the narrative text (story) comes to an end. The story of the novel returns to a well-balanced state of affairs; ending with killing Karim and his allies, Zayer Mohammad escapes from Bushehr with his family. In what follows, we shall examine the narrative elements in Tangsir based on the theory of Grimes. Identifiers (active, hero): Zayer Muhammad; value-bearing object (the subject of identification): Taking his (own right) property back from Karim and his allies; agent: Zayer Muhammad and the patient: His inner sense; Assistant: Shahro, Asator, His Feelings, the People and ... ; the Anti-agent: Karim Haj Hamzah, Sheikhabotrab, Mohammad Gonderajab and Aqa Ali Kachal and government officials (vice). In the novel, according to the schema mentioned, there are six narrative elements.

The narrative process in this novel is shaped in a way that the events are chained one after another for Zayer Mohammad (the main character), in such a way that at first the situation is represented to be balanced (introduction) and this situation involves a variety of events. In this situation, while the agentivity is introduced, a value-bearing object (target) is also identified for the identifier. Furthermore, the character is described in this part of the narrative. Zayer Mohammed (recipient and recogniser) is construed as a hardworking man who sells oat and is regarded as a value-bearing object (money and preservation of honor). In the aftermath, (chapter 1), this balance becomes chaotic an event and an imbalanced situation dominates the narrative environment. Karim and all his allies borrow and spend all Zayer's properties. At this stage, the activist welcomes various dangers such as killing Karim Hajzamzah and his allies, struggling with government officials to achieve his goals (value-bearing object). This leads to the formation of action and reaction on the part of the patient and anti-agent causing an upward trend in the story-line. Mentioning these events as such constitutes the middle of the narrative and includes the actions and reactions of Zayer Mohammad's personality. At this stage, the identifier is examined and assisted by the assisting forces to overcome the anti-agent forces. At this point, with the final incident happened (chapter 2), the narrative (story) gets to the final phase. Being supported by Shahro, Asator and the people (the supporting forces), he succeeds in regaining his right (his money; identification) from Karim and his allies by shooting them. The novel's story-line returns to a well-balanced state of affairs and the character finds his fate. After the events narrated, the narrative anchors in a calm shore; he escapes from Bushehr with his family after killing Karim and his allies. In the end, the general (destiny) status is determined in the event of victory or defeat, and the story obtains a new stable state that is the product of the patient and past events interplay. Finally, we can draw the following diagram for the structural analysis of the narrative plot of Tengsir: Initial balance (introducing the agent and Value-bearing object) + disturbance of the equilibrium (episode 1) - introduction the imbalanced status (examining the patient and his battle with anti-agent and the use of supporting forces) + latest confront of the agent and anti-agent (…..2) - Middle; re-occurrence of the balanced status (the final phase the materialization of the patient's destiny) that a new stable state comes to the surface.

The story of Hazrate Ayoub (peace be upon him) expanded according to the linear story time structure. The main character acts and reacts in charge of other charcters (Ayoub vs. Saten) cased to forming the events that makes a chain and expanded along the time axix. This story consists of three parts: beginning، mid and the end. In the preface، the story main character Ayoub (peace be upon him) introduced and in the middle examined and in the end fate of him clarified. According to Todorof model، in this movie، the movement is from a balance the situation then it returns to unbalance situation. According to Greimas model: subject; Finally، Ayoub (peace be upon him) manages to pass through the difficult phases and completed his mission with the receive help assistants of (God، compassion and patience). The story is close-ended and has a definite result and follows strong cause and effect relationships and.

Analysis of the components and elements of the story of ‘Yusof and Zoleikha’ provides the ground for a better recognition of the story and unravels its strengths and weaknesses. As one of the components of the story in this research, the plot of Jami’s ‘Yusof and Zoleikha’ is analised according to some structuralists’ perspectives. In this story, the situation is at first balanced (stable). Yusof is born and Zoleikha falls in love with him in her dream. Then something happens. Yusof has a dream and the procedure changes, and the unbalanced situation occurs. When the hero achieves his goal and is appointed as a prophet, the balanced situation is revived. The purpose of choosing the present subject is the adjustment of these views to this literary genre (lyrical story).