جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عوامل روان شناختی » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

The psychological factors, relationships with colleagues and the culture of the target language, play an active role in academic achievement. The main issue of this study is to determine the psychometric properties of the scale of these factors in learning Arabic for Iranian students at the undergraduate level. This study used the mixed exploratory sequential design. The initial items were designed in the form of a qualitative research and semi-structured interviews with specialists in teaching the Arabic language and literature and experts in educational psychology. The final form which contains (83) of items was determined. To ensure its validity and reliability, a sample of (100) students at undergraduate level was conducted through the official virtual educational spaces and the sampling method. Results (83) essential items were selected based on the Lawshe criterion with (CVR) above (0.6), and the total (CVI), by using software (SPSS), was equal to (0.83) which is acceptable. The internal reliability of the scale was calculated through Cronbach's alpha, and all values were higher than (0.8), which indicates the internal reliability of the scale factors. The (CR) and the (AVE) of the scale factors were higher than (0.8) and (0.5) which Shows the scale’s convergent validity. (CCV) indicates a significant relationship between scale factors and averages of the research sample. In total, the final scale has (32) items with (64.22) of the variance of the total scale. Accordingly, the scale has the appropriate psychometric properties to determine the essential factors that affecting the academic achievement.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting students' writing skills from the perspective of teachers of Second Grade Primary schools. Writing is an activity that, despite its communicative nature, it is done privately.

The research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this study included 850 teachers in districts 1 and 2 of Arak city. The sampling system was based on Available Sampling method and the sample size was 265 based on Morgan method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire including 67 items. Validity was assessed by face validity and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha for psychological factors (0.87); for linguistic factors (0.91), for environmental factors (0.88) and for personal factors (0.91). One-sample t-test was used for data analysis.

The results showed that from the teachers' point of view, the mean of psychological factors (t = 25.34, p <0.01), linguistic factors (t = 32.92, p <0.01), environmental factors (t = 21.94 , p

According to the findings of this research, the factors mentioned in the study can be used to improve students' writing skills in the elementary educational system.