جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "قرن دوازدهم" در نشریات گروه "ادبیات و زبان ها"

Among Iranian poets, especially after the Safavid period, a group of professionals gradually appeared and some of them have shone. The use of tools and occupations in poets' poetry has a long history. This application, along with the useful information that it provides about different occupations, provides guidance in better understanding the old days of Iran in different periods The literary approach of these occupations can be seen in the literary type of poetry, One of the most important features of the city of riots, in addition to the description of the beloved, is the expression of the professions that were popular in the time and place of the poet and its community. In this research, among the professional poets, we have focused on the butcher of Kashani. Kassab is one of the poets of the second half of the 11th century and the beginning of the 12th century of Hijri, who has been able to write admirable poems in addition to the mystical and lyrical themes in the creative theme of his profession, considering the level of his awareness and knowledge. Bring in your speech. aims to investigate the use of tools and related job terms in Kassani's butcher's court, and by analyzing the findings, explain the use of tools in Kassab's poetry. and show the poet's ability to combine his profession with the poetry and social characteristics of his time, how are the tools and words related to the butcher's profession reflected in the words of Kashani's butcher?

In the field of mysticism, there is a huge volume of literary works, in prose and poetry, in Persian or Arabic, the content of which is diverse, ranging from wisdom, philosophy, interpretation of the Qur'an to hadith. The theory of Sufi beliefs and terms, and the expression of love, knowledge, and the critique of reason, and the proof of the agreement of the way with the Shari'a, ethics, customs, monastic customs, and the history of the elders, and the expression of dreams, revelations, and eloquent words are ecstatic. One of the branches of mysticism is the school of semantics, which has seven major literary indicators. Mir Abdul Wahid Ibn Ibrahim Ibn Qutbuddin Ibn Mahro Bilgirami (1161-1095 AH) is one of the most experienced and mystical scholars of India whose mystical school is Chishtī and the book "Sabaa Sanaabil" is one of his works. The aim of the researcher in this article is to introduce and study the customs, beliefs and ideas of the Chishtīyah sect in "Sabaa Sanaabil" by Mir Abdul Wahid Bilgirami with an emphasis on the school of semantics and its indicators, through a descriptive-analytical method. While introducing Bilgirami, authors criticize the intellectual and mystical foundations of his works. Findings indicate that intellectually, the author is greatly influenced by the intellectual mentality of the Chishtī sect, such as the veil, the etiquette of the disciple, the dhikr, meditation, listening, ‘Shariatmadari’, etc., so that he has discussed and referred to the ideas and intellectual foundations of the Chishtī sect.

Ali Qoli Khan Valeh Daqestani is one of the twelfth century (AH) poets who was born in 1124 in a Daqestani family and went to India in 1146. In India، he entered the court of Gurkani kings and did military as well as court jobs until 1170 when he died. His Divan consists of 12 odes، 199 sonnets، 8 Qet’ehs، 5 Mathnavis، 476 quatrains، 20 couplets and 36 one-verses which are in all not exceeding 3170 Persian stanzas and a few Turkish and Urdu verses. Most of his poems are in the form of sonnet and quatrain. In composing his poems، he paid attention to the manner of poets like Anvari in ode، Hafiz and Naziri Nishaburi in sonnet and Nizami Ganjavi in Mathnavi. Most of his poems are romantic and for showing separation from his beloved Khadijeh Sultan، the very person who made him Valeh. She was the daughter of his uncle and they had been grown with each other from childhood. The invasion of Afghans and the Nadir’s dominance over Isfahan separated them and led to his infatuation and finally compulsive immigration to India. The description of this sad separation has been reflected vastly in his poems as well as the works of his contemporaries like Mathnavi “Valeh and Sultan” by Faqir Dehlavi. In spite of possibility of well living in India، he had a very simple and dervish-like living and accompanied the poor. He is a Shiite poet and has some poems in praise of Imam Ali and satire of some of his contemporaries. The similarity of his name with other poets has led some catalogue-makers into mistake and consequently the poems of other Valehs have been recorded under his name. This article aims to shed light on some corners of his life and career.