جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « واژه شناسی » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Mushaf No. 17394 of the Mar’ashi Library, written by Ismail b. Mubarak in 665 AH, contains a commentary translation of the Qur'an into Persian, which belongs to a part of the vast linguistic realm of Transoxiana. Comparing the present translation with the translation of the Qur'an from the existing Persian interpretations before the seventh century AH and other existing translations of the Holy Qur'an that have been published or introduced in full or in part, it is determined that this translation or the text that was copied by Ismail b. Mubarak, owes nothing to any of the previous sources. At the end of the manuscript, the scribe mentions one of his sources, which is the book "Al-Moudih" by Haddadi (the great scholar and commentator of the fourth and fifth centuries AH), which shows that he had this missing text on the subject of Quranic sciences. Examining the linguistic and interpretive values of such a work will clarify its place among the existing translations of the Qur'an into Persian. Part of this article is about the origin of the manuscript and its history from Transoxiana to Iran. In the other section, the physical characteristics and artistic values of the manuscript are stated. The nature and structure of this translation and that in many parts it becomes an " commentary translation" is also mentioned. Finally, a number of linguistic features of the work are described in several sections to show its place in Persian language studies.

This essay focuses on two words used in New Persian with almost the same morphology, but quite different meanings:"ماده" māde(h)(=female), and "ماده" mādde(h) (=matter, substance, essence). The former is considered to be of the Persian origin while the latter of the Arabic. By studying these words from the historical linguistic aspect and quoting evidence from the accessible texts in Old and the Middle Iranian (including texts from the holy book of Avesta, Manichaean Middle Persian, and Sogdian texts) , as well as instances in the New Persian, from early stages of the forming of the Persian language, and earliest translation of the holy Qoran) the author first proves that the words are both originally Persian, and then suggests that Mādde(h) (=matter, substance, essence; producer), as an equivalent of the philosophical Greek term: “Hyle”, has been borrowed and Arabicized, presumably by the translators of the Middle Persian philosophical texts, during the translation movement started from mid-eight Century CE. This movement, as a result of the need for exploiting the priceless cultural spoils of the subjugated countries, motivated the Arab caliphs to support it, and many books were translated mainly from the Hellenistic scholars into Arabic. Subsequently these Arabic translations were studied by Persian scholars and writers, and rendered into Persian. Thus, the Arabicized: "مادۃ" and its plural form "مواد", had a return to the Persian with different semantic nuances and enriched the corpus of Persian language and literature.

One of the most widely used words in the Quran that has been considered by lexicographers and commentators is the root "Fakeha" along with its derivatives. Because of this semantic difference, the translators of the Quran have also acted in expressing the meaning of the word "Fakeha". The present study is performed in the descriptive-analytical method, and in order to obtaining and finding the correct view on the meaning of the root  "Fakeha", has collected, analyzed and evaluated the views of lexicographers and commentators And then, based on the final results, has evaluated the translations of Ayati, Elahi Ghomshei, Khorramshahi, Rezaei, Safavid, Fooladvand, Meshkini, and Makarem Shirazi in terms of success or failure in finding the equivalent of this root. The result of the present study was that the semantic principle and lexical meaning of this word were "opening between something with the filling of something delicate" and "great joy with pride", respectively, which has been used in various cases such as "fruit" and "humor". The ability of the mentioned translations is also different for  various derivatives of the root "Fakeha"; In some cases, such as choosing the meaning of "fruit" for "Fakeha", their performance is successful; But in others, such as the meaning of "Fakeha", the performance of translators is poorly evaluated.

The present work that fits in the recently flourished field of Irano-Talmudica, examines a Talmudic narrative (Qiddushin 70a) that includes a number of foreign words (non-Aramaic/non-Hebrew). This work aims to investigate the aforementioned words and analyze them philologically in order to identify the language or languages that were common in Sasanian Mesopotamia. There are a number of Pahlavi (Middle Persian) words in the narrative as well, and it worth mentioning that in some cases various pronunciations of certain Pahlavi words are attested. In conclusion, the presence of a common language like present-day Farsi that contains words borrowed from Semitic languages, Greek, etc. is being suggested.

A Reflection on uncommon Turkish Words in Masnavi Ma`naviIt is a regular¡ legal and inevitable phenomenon that differenf languages have interrelation with each other¡ so the analysis of Turkish words has done in this way. These words were not common in Farsi and it was an unusual borrowing¡ so we have do our best to introduce¡ translate and analyse these words in terms of etymology in order to describe the interrelation of these two languages and also to show the developments of these words in terms from semantic and phonetics of linguistics and comparative literature.

The concept of Quranic phrase «بعوضه فما فوقها»: a gnat or a larger entity «has been always the subject of dispute among interpreters and translators of the Holy Quran. Apparently, the word فوق»: above«is not used in its common sense (higher and larger), rather, used in the parable sense, i. e. the opposite meaning "lesser and lower". The current study, applying an analytic-descriptive inquiry, using linguistics and referring to lexics, syntax, interpretation books, and considering the differences of words «ف»، «ما»، «فوق»»: above, anything, or, respectively«based on intertextuality relations, assessed such implications in words of Islamic grandees (Hadith of the holy Prophet, Imam Ali, and Imam Kazem). The phrase has been neglected due to the intertextuality to get the meaning of the verse, and has been interpreted as "larger and higher". Also with regard to intertextuality of this Quranic phrase and assuming a phrase from Sermon 164 of Nahjo- al-Balagheh, it is indicated that «ف» in this phrase means إلی»: to «and should be translated as«تا» in Persian, implying an ascending trend. Moreover, reviewing many Persian translations of this phrase and providing the diagrams, it is revealed that the word «فوق» in Persian does not certainly tolerate two opposite meanings (in any case), and accordingly, only some translations remain faithful.

Translation historiography is a research area that has attracted the attention of translation scholars in recent years. As a significant research area of translation historiography, exploring the national history of translation criticism can contribute to the delineation of how translation theory and practice correlate in a specific culture. Moreover, it can show the extent of development of translation practice in the given culture. Although translation criticism has always played a central role in Persian, it has been under-researched independently. The present study was set out to explore the lexicological criteria dealt with in the history of translation criticism in Iran. The results of the study indicated that many concepts dealt with in the lexicological analyses of translations have been employed by Iranian critics in their translation criticisms.

In the past few decades one of the difficulties and questions in the field of philology of Shahnameh is the ambiguity concerning the record of either “Rakhsh” or “Dakhsh” used in the phrasal verb “to rakkhsh/Dakhsh with the meaning of “to darken “in four couplets of Shahnameh. The majority of shahnameh manuscripts in this regard is “Rakhsh” and the choice of most editions and authentic emendations except for the text edited by Dr Khaleghi Motlagh and his colleagues is “Dakhsh”. The word “dakhsh” which means “dark” apparently was first recorded in Jahangiri Dictionary compiled (1017 H.G) with reference from Shahnameh and then was repeated in other Dictionaries. The author of this article based on certain documents assumes that the latter form if genuine is more accurate and is more superior to Rakhsh. Moreover it is likely that in Shahnameh manuscripts it would have been altered to a more familiar and simple form of Rakhsh. Rakhsh and “to Rakhsh” with the meaning of “to darken” is not seen in Farsi Dictionaries and texts and the etymology of this word is also completely opposite of this meaning, however the suggested etymologies for Dakhsh confirms the meaning of “blackness” for it.

The first level of all written works, without which we are unable to understand a text appropriately and accurately, is language. Thus, all writers in different scientific disciplines argued about linguistic issues and questions in their works, especially in cases that the subject of work was connected with technical and rhetorical aspects. One of the greatest works of Persian literature in poetics and rhetoric is al-Mo’jam fi Ma’ayir-e Ash’ar al-Ajam of Shams Gheys-e Razi, in which the writer argues about the linguistic and lexical topics, especially the structure and derivation of some words. Due to considerable developments and improvements of historical linguistics in the late centuries we can analyze these ideas with more attention. In this article, I want to investigate the derivations that Shams Gheys explained in his work by using linguistic and grammatical criteria and demonstrate accuracy and inaccuracy of them.

The present article is divided into five sections and includes the following items: The research methodology, posing questions and assumptions, stating the main idea, and the importance of research A descriptive account of terminology used in the body of a research paper A report based on the latest findings of linguists and other thinkers on the subject of research Analysis of the collected data Conclusion The article is prepared by two methods An inductive-deductive one on one hand and a descriptive- analytic one on the other hand. The structural linguistic approach is dominant throughout the research. The research data is drawn from the linguistic thesis, newspapers, peoples' speech, mass media, and put together in accordance with the linguistic background of the writer. In this article an attempt is made to investigate the Bahuvrihi Nominal Compounds from the following aspects: syllabic structure, Morphological structure, and semantics characteristics. Then, two distinct groups of the Bahuvrihi Compounds namely, predicative and Double Nominal ones are introduced. Also, the role of processes resulting in either reinforcement and diminution of meaning in forming the Bahuvrihi Compounds is examined. Finally, the research data is found to be in accordance with the common patterns revealed in the classification.

In this article, the author is going to study the etymology and meaning of some Persian words with reference to the most distinguished and authentic Persian lexicons such as “loghatname-ye-Dehkhoda” (Dehkhoda encyclopedia), “Farhang-e-farsi-e-Moein” (Moein’s Persian dictionary) and Moein’s comments and interpretations on “Borhan-e-Ghate” and also attempts to clarify the blind spots, shortcomings and ambiguous words of these lexicons. To achieve this goal, the opinion of different linguists and orientalists have been quoted omd analyzed. Mean while, the author, in expressing his opinions, has relied on the authentic and classical Persian texts and since all changes in language have originated from culture and believes of its speakers, they have been endeavored throughout these analysis.It should be noted that to attain this aim, the author has also made a comparison between some words of other Indo-European languages such as English and French. It is highly obvious that with such detailed analysis, one can write more complete and fruitful Persian lexicons and this will help us to have a better understanding of texts. The words and phrases studied and analyzed in this article are “pārsa” (pārsi), “choobdār” (choopān, shabān), “parkhān” (sokhan, pāsokh, khonyāgar), “shoghāl” (sag), “deamār barāwardan”, (maghz, demāgh, mokh), “āftāb” (ābād, ābādān, ābādāni)… and “hamganān”.