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The Gothic style was a mode of story writing which became popular in the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century in Europe when suppression caused by church and religious beliefs on the people was dominant. These stories are created based on imaginary and unreal situations. The role of gothic writers is to analyze the psychological disorders; therefore, novels written in the gothic style are also known as black romance. In Eastern literature (Kurdish and Persian), some socio-political events encouraged story writers to go for surrealism and magical realism adapted with social infrastructure of their community. In this research, Gothic elements in Hoshang Golshiri’s Prince Ehtejab and Bakhtiar Ali’s Death of the Second Single Child have been explored through their relevance to Iranian and Kurdish society. Moreover, the style of both authors has also been investigated. The results indicate that Hoshang Golshiri and Bakhtiar Ali have used Gothic techniques in their stories in accordance with the social conditions of their society. The Gothic is a means to reflect the social and political conditions of these authors' era, where tensions caused by social issues in turn, yields to socio-political situation of their era in a Gothic format.

The Gothic school contains stories with a disturbing, dark and scary atmosphere. Marishley in the United Kingdom and Ahmad Saadawi in Iraq are among the most prominent writers of this school, whose works have attracted the attention of many translators, critics and writers. In this study, we intend to use the content analysis method to make a comparative critique of the novel Frankenstein's Monster by Marishley and Frankenstein in Baghdad by Ahmad Saadawi from the perspective of the Gothic school. Findings show that the Gothic principle, which is based on fear and panic, has intensified with the creation of a Gothic creature in these two effects. The theme of both effects is violence and death. In these works, the two have presented a narrative that, despite its similarity in style and content, differs in terms of narrative structure; Sdawi's narration is a fragmented narrative. Shelley used Gothic and consequently violence to express moral themes, but Saadawi used this style to express political and social themes and current issues in Iraq.

One of the works of Gholam Hossein Saedi, in which the characteristics of the Gothic genre can be seen, is the collection of stories "Fear and Trembling". In this collection, which deals with the lives of the people of the southern coast, the author has crossed the boundaries of reality, filling it with apprehension and anxiety. The Gothic genre, which first appeared in architecture in the twelfth century and expressed mystery and horror, became a genre in fiction in the eighteenth century. In such works, the authors engage the readers with horror and mystery by creating a terrifying atmosphere and detailed and imaginative descriptions. The characters in these works are unbalanced, psychotic and sometimes criminal. The reference to secluded, remote, and uninhabited environments is another element of such works. In this series of stories, Saedi seeks to show the cultural and social backwardness of the beach dwellers by creating a frightening and sad atmosphere by referring to delusional and superstitious people and referring to the descent of calamity and death in various forms. Attention to the unnatural elements that bring this collection closer to the works of magical realism is one of the manifestations of the Gothic literature of this work.

The Gothic term adjectival that refers to the trait (Gothic), a Germanic emigrant migrated from northern Europe to the southern coast of the Baltic Sea; first it was originally referred to as a particular style of architecture with features that were expressed by clumsy and horror. Between 1760 to 1820, the Gothic was named of the genre in writing stories. The literary environments of this type of literature are usually ruins of ruins and abandoned basements, cemeteries and dark spaces that are less voluminous. The writers of these stories cover the minds of readers with delusions and mysteries by placing their characters in their work and creating anxiety and horror, along with spatial and detailed descriptions and abnormal and imaginative events. The characters of these works are usually unbalanced, psychologically and sometimes criminal, who by their actions imprison themselves in the reader's sake, for the same reason, these stories have the ability to turn into stories after a break up. Criminal- be a detective. One of the prominent Iranian story writers who created the imaginative and melancholic and terrifying space in his works, is honest guiding that this profile can be seen in most of his stories. In this content analysis study, we review the elements and components in the author's stories using library resources.

In the field of writing story and creating narration, writer develops story from various themes in different social, historical, literal and non-functional fields and bridges his own motifs with them. Shah Abadi is known as one of the eminent figures in this regard. In the three volumes of the dead’s’ gate, he practices the horror and history to consider on of the social hurdles (poverty of children of work) in a gothic and horrible frame. The present research scrutinizes the first part of the afore-said novel, the vertical cemetery, by dint of the content analysis. The writer has applied the descriptive-analytical method, thematic classification so as to present some evidence from the story and refer them to the understudy comments and criticism. The present research indicates that Shah Abadi introduces influential motifs such as death and poverty in a historical context motif such as fear, anxiety and terror illustrate the undeniable, terrible and bitter facts of human life.

Stories based on the genre of horror have always been the best seller ones in the field of children’s and adolescents’’ literature worldwide as well as Iran. Adolescent readers have extraordinarily been keen on them. The critics and theorists have been divided into two groups toward this issue. Some critics believe that stories based on the genre of horrors bring about harmful effects on child and adolescent readers. On the contrary, some other critics think that these works are the best sellers among adolescents because of the characteristics of adolescence. The present research scrutinizes the relation between the genre of horror, the reasons of horror stories among adolescents and the functions of the stories of this literal type among adolescent readers. The findings of this study indicate that there is a meaningful relationship between the horror literal works and the needs of adolescence. Moreover, these types of stories convey remarkable psychological functions among adolescent readers. This research has been done based on descriptive-analytical approach.

Frankenstein fi Baghdad is the novel by the Iraqi novelist Ahmad Saadawi. The setting of the novel is the capital of Iraq in the years 2005-2006, during the American invasion, a time of chaos and terrorism that preceded the start of the civil war. This Gothic-postmodernist novel focusing on fear and death describes the crisis of identity and the fragmented subject and recreates the terror by creating an atmosphere of horror. The novel depicts the black and meaningless experience of its region. It creates a personality (monster) with a fragmented identity and is, in fact, a part of the selfhood that has been repressed. Saadawi’s monster is called Shesmeh. Shesmeh or the creation of an imaginary being trying to enforce justice makes itself more frightened because the Whatsitsname (Shesmeh) must kill others and cut off their organs in order to survive. On the other hand it shows the suppressed section of human which is the creator of violence and horror. Despite aversion to violence, death will be highlighted in this novel in this way.

Gothic postmodernist has changed Gothic within the paradigm of post modernism literary and has no significant difference with Gothic before this period. According to studies on Gothic-postmodernism, postmodernist theory can exhibit the same preoccupation and is obsessed with the concepts of terror and haunting: Derrida’s ‘hauntology’, Baudrillard’s ‘symbolic death’, Lyotard’s terror in the sublime/ unpresentable, and Žižek’s interpretation of Lacan and Freud’s ‘Ding’ (Beville, 2009). The Gothic principles based on fear are intensified in the postmodern novel, and the horror comes out of entertainment. The result of such anxiety and fear is the ontological exploration and the individuality proof.
Accordingly, the main elements of the Gothic-postmodern novel include fantasy, sublime terror and unpresentable and symbolic death, fragmented subject, the fluidity of place and time, hyper-reality and blurring the lines between reality and fantasy.

This research uses a descriptive-analytical method to study the elements of the Gothic-postmodernism in this novel. This method describes the characteristics of the Gothic Postmodernism in this novel and analyzes its effects on it by using the data which are available in the text.

The place and the streets become source of fear and terror because of environmental factors. This novel explores the traumatic realities of a place in which death can come at any minute. For example consecutive explosion in the street, a creature that mutilates humans, wandering ghosts, jinns, old buildings in Batavi alley, spread the unpresentable horror everywhere and create sublime terror experience. Shesmeh as a monster comites the crimes in the middle of night in the lonly streets and alleyes and it becomes impossible to separate innocent from the guilty.
Another element of Gothic Postmodernism in this novel is the examples of hyperreality due to its creation of a world of fantasy. The media play with reality and instead of reproducing reality, they produce a compact of similar images, so that they are suspended between reality and imagination. In the end of the novel, the media blames Hadi as a criminal instead of Shesmeh.
For that different interpretations of justice, media, journals, TV, political and security officials cause the loss of reality. As a result the only thing to escape from all these naming is death. It is only death can escape simulation and hyperreality.

By creating a gap between morality and knowledge, a suspense and a lack of ontological understanding, the Frankenstein fie Baghdad novel creates the sublime terror that is unrepresentative. Shesmeh or Frankenstein is an imaginary creature haunted by ghosts, and there are pieces of the body of the innocent and sinful human beings in it. This makes it hard to judge who is guilty or innocent. It is enough to turn objective terror into subjective horror. The different beliefs among the Iraqi people and the multiple features of the society are portrayed in the body of Shesmeh, but the result is nothing more than the horror. Fantasy, sublime terror and unpresentable and symbolic death, fragmented subject, the fluidity of place and time, hyper-reality are visible in this novel. The fluidity of the place, the spreading of horror throughout the city, the horror in the alleys and houses, the reality simulation by choosing a name for the monster of the story by characters, makes the author correctly depict the sublime horror, the symbolic death and fragmented subject.

In the field of story writing and narration, every author can creat fictional function from the various subjects in the different social, historical and literary ambits, and tie them to the context of the theme of his story. Today, Peyman Esmaeili is one of the young, creative and successful authors in our country, whose works has faced with the readers’ favour and critics’ praise. His only novel which has published up to now, is the novel of Negahban (the Guard). This work has an eventful story with two sides of violence and sentiment. This story happens in a gothic and terrific setting by assist of an old myth (the myth of Kayomarth). In this paper, the novel of Negahban is studied by content analyzing, topical classifying, presenting examples from the text of the story and referring to the published criticisms and interviews related to this novel. The result of this research states that Peyman Esmaeili presents several effective themes in a lovely mythic texture in his novel. The themes are made from agitation, illusion and fear which are sometimes completely imaginary, but appear real and believable. These themes show the bitter, dreadful and undeniable realities inwardly, although they have fictional apparent.

Gothic literature is a branch of romanticism or say pre- romanticism to be more precise. To understand Gothic well, you have to understand European romanticism. Word “Gothic” , is related to architecture originally, But Gothic novel showd a great difference in spiritual taste and attitude of its time. In Gothic stories, the writer engages your minds with secrets horror, and wonder mixed with anxiety and opens an imaginative and melancholic space which are able to be converted into thriller and crime. In fictio Iranian Gothic what causes panic and fear are more space fiction and descriptions of the author Of events in a story. stories after a disconnection malackout by Bahram Sadeghi. Of the important stories in Iron – matches many of Gothiccharactristics. For exapple, unscheduledness, extra or dinary events like jinni for telling and anticipating, absurdity and mental involvement between enternal and external worlds, realizing unreal things, differentiability, villain characters and soon all are well manifested in this story.

Obviously, SadeghHedayat and Edgar Allan Poe are two of the most outstanding and influential writers in short story writing whose works have been of interest for many translators, critics, and writers across the world. Hedayat and Poe introduced the Gothic style of writing to the world, in which darkness, fear, disappointment, and death are the main themes. Besides being a writer, both Hedayat and Poe were skillful in poetry and literary criticism. The context of stories in Hedayat and Poe’s works enjoys unique features which have given them a special style. However, so far there has not been a study to show the similarities between these two writers. One of the areas of research in comparative literature in relation to French style is the study of literary characteristics among cultures. In this paper, it is possible to find the literary similarities between these two writers. Characters of stories and the context are some examples which show the similarities of these writers and place them next to each other. In this article, we tried to analyze characters and the context of Hedayat and Poe’s stories and through investigating general similarities of Hedayat and Poe’s works, it is possible to come to a better understanding to know these two writers and the similarities between their works. A discourse analysis method was used forinvestigation. The findings revealed that there is a specific trend in characters’ line of thinking and the context of stories in that the distraction of the mind, distress, loneliness, and introversion are seen in the characters of stories. The two writers have also utilized the context of stories as an important tool to convey their thoughts.

Gothic terminology (vocabulary) is an adjective، which implies a thing that is related to “Got”. Gothic also is the name of a genre، which has been created from the 1760s to 1820s and correlated with the readers¢ uncommon imagination، dreams، nightmares & inner thaughts. Usually milieu of this genre is closed castle، ruins and dierelict lands. Gothic literature should be numerated as a branch of rheumatism or pre- rheumatism school. Gothic tales usually are dim stories of enigmas، apprehensions and extraordinary matters، which are formed around a hidden & trightfull mystery. Apprehension، frighty & deeth are three important elements of them. Indeed، Gothic was an architectural & sculpture style about Goth tribe that، in addition to the art of architecture، has entered into the story literature. Nowadays، Gothic literature is an important part in the word literature، which we can not understand the modern literature without understanding it. The present research tries to survay the elements، structure and content of Gothic stories through descriptive-analytic way and with the use of library sources.